scholarly journals When is enough, enough? And what should the criminologist say?

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Nils Christie
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal System ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Critical Overview

In this paper, the author is trying to find the answers to questions when is enough, enough, and what is the role of the criminologists in the process of establishing the balance between the crime control carried out by the state and the civil society and its basic values. Each state can be evaluated by its penal system that reflects the crucial centers of the state control and power, conveying at the same time information about the way we are not supposed to go. Namely, the penalty, which means the infliction of pain against the accused, presents the negation of the basic ethical, moral human, civilized principles. In that way, the penalty becomes a dangerous for the society, as well as the serious obstacle for ideals of the social cohesion and assimilation. He is showing that on the examples of penal systems in several countries, such as Finland, Russia, Byelorussia and Norway, giving a critical overview of the penal system of the USA. The USA penal system is a good example of breaking off the links with the basic societal values, representing at the same time crime against people in the USA, as well as in other (European) countries due to the strong influence which the States have in this domain because of their economy power on the global plan. Bearing that in mind, the author is concluding that the criminologists should begin the analysis from another point of view: not from the offender and the criminal offence, but from the existing penal system in order to find out what kind of pain and what way of its causing would be acceptable in the certain historical, societal, and cultural context; in other words how big the penal system should be, without endangering the basic values at the same time.

scholarly journals American Baby Boom and the Soviet Pioneer Camp: Enemies and the “Hidden Threat” in the Children’s Cinema of the USSR and the USA in the 1930s and 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 420-451
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Sputnitskaya ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Children's Films

In the article the evolution of the image of the enemy in two cinemas is examined on the material of the Soviet and North American children’s and family films of 1936–1966 years in the following areas: representations of images of a political enemy in the movie, the critics of the axiological analysis of the discourse of a hostile culture, representation of the axiological discourse of their own culture. The analysis of publications on the topic is carried out and the concepts of “children’s cinema” and “family cinema” are clarified. The article reveals various types of construction in feature films for young audience of the “hidden threat” of the Cold War period. Based on the analysis of antagonist markers, archival materials and iconographic analysis of the films, the author identifies various modifications of the image of the enemy in children’s cinema. The article records the loss of interest in clichés by the mid-1960s. However, at the same time, the phenomenon of the spy film for the young audience in the USSR is of special interest, in particular, the militaristic aspect of the image of the internal and external enemy. In addition, the author focuses on the ways of constructing the space of childhood in two cinematographies, the social and cultural context, in particular, the role of social institutions and the family, the representation of social problems in different genres of children’s film. The author reveals that the evolution of the border violation motive in children’s films is associated with the peculiarities of the foreign policy of both countries, which also characterizes the interest in the cultural heritage of other peoples, cultural codes and formulas developed in literature and popular culture.

scholarly journals The role and place of social partnership in increasing efficiency of the provision of social services by the State Autonomous Institutions of Moscow «Scientific and Practical Center for Rehabilitation»

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Bela A. Syrnikova ◽  
I. Z Kobzar ◽  
D. V Storozhenko ◽  
Kh. V Temirov ◽  
Zh. A Ashuev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
The Social

In the article there are analyzed external links of the large multidisciplinary institution of the social support of the population «Scientific and Practical Center of Rehabilitation» from the point of view of the identification of relationships of social partnership in them. These relationships were shown to have diverse forms and are implemented in terms of the participation of representatives of various sectors in the activity of collective bodies of institution’s management. There is demonstrated the significant role of relationships of the social partnership in the determination kinds, volumes, quality and circumstances of the provision social welfare services to the population.

Are the legally protected values protected?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR YUZHAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Control ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
Current Reform

In 2020, the concept, status, and list of legally protected values were legislatively enshrined (the values that are directly significant for all people: the life and health of people, their property in all its manifestations, personal data, animals and plants, the environment, etc.). State bodies were tasked to minimize the risk of harm to these values; therefore, state (municipal) control and supervision measures should be aimed directly at protecting these values from state-controlled risks. Undoubtedly, Russian citizens are interested both in maintaining the already existing level of protection of values that are significant to them as well as in improving this protection. Sociological surveys conducted by the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration among citizens and business representatives show that the protection of values also depends on the activities of state control and supervisory bodies. In the article, the author gives the dynamics of citizens’ assessment of the protection of these values and considers what exactly affects their security. Also, the article assesses the role of the control and supervisory activities of the state within the framework of ensuring the security of these values, shows the prospects for enhancing security, and proposes a program for increasing protection. The author believes that if we continue to conduct these surveys, then we will be able to assess the effectiveness of the current reform of control and supervisory activities from the citizens’ point of view, including the “regulatory guillotine” and its impact on the protection of the values protected by law that are significant for citizens.

scholarly journals Prospective and Mental Change in Decision-Making in Critical Scenarios of Organizations (Review Article)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vallejo ◽  
L. Sanandrés ◽  
V. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Mental Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Epistemological Point

We understand from the study of neuroscience that our mind has the power to change according to the social and cultural context in which we operate. The purpose of this research was to present epistemological theory, its importance in influencing decision-making, and strategic approaches from the perspective of complexity and neuroscience. For this, an in-depth bibliographic review was carried out based on the epistemological point of view and critical reading of published articles. The results demonstrated considerations about the presence of multiple philosophical traditions in the scientific process; the role of leadership and neuroscience as the axis of knowledge and their value for decision-making; and how, based on the paradigmatic dialectic, a new mental model and innovative foresight are useful for understanding the structures that require new models of planning for the future where possible and desirable. Thus, we conclude that a change of mentality to a new philosophy of interpretation of reality is important for the complexity of the construction of the future. Keywords: neurosciences, quality, managerial skills, neuroliderazgo. Resumen Desde la neurociencia nuestra mente tiene el poder de cambiar de acuerdo al contexto social y cultural en la que nos desenvolvemos, para ello hay que darle al cerebro la importancia de algo nuevo. El artículo tiene como propósito presentar la teoría epistemológica, y su importancia para formar mentes y pensamientos positivos para la toma de decisiones, y mejorar los enfoques estratégicos desde la perspectiva de la complejidad y la neurociencia; para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a profundidad basados en dos enfoques desde lo epistemológico y la lectura crítica de artículos publicados. Frente a tal escenario, se pretende exponer consideraciones acerca de la presencia de estas tres tradiciones filosóficas en la manera científica argumentado liderazgo y neurociencia como eje del conocimiento y sobre su valor para la toma de decisiones fundamentados en la dialéctica paradigmática hacia un nuevo modelo mental e innovador, la prospectiva es útil para comprender las estructuras que requieren nuevos modelos de planificación del futuro en lo posible y lo deseable. En el nivel académico esta la respuesta a la complejidad para la construcción del futuro, es importante un cambio de mentalidad que este sujeto a una nueva filosofía de interpretación de la realidad. Palabras claves: neurociencias, calidad, habilidades directivas, neuroliderazgo.

scholarly journals Some features of the private treaties of Old Rus of the princely era as sources of law

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Rominskyi Yevhen
Keyword(s):  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
State Court ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Law And Legislation ◽  
Available Information

Introduction. The article gives an assessment, from the point of view of law, of the development of the Old Rus private legal acts as a source of law, the attention is drawn to the social and legal causes of its evolution. The aim of the article. The research proposes to apply the existing theoretical developments on the role of the treaty as a source of law in pre- and early-state societies to the information about the private legal acts of Old Rus of the princely era. It also covers the development of written private legal acts in the aforementioned days under the influence of ideas about law and legislation of the time. Methods and results. In the last hundred years, the national and Soviet legal sciences have paid particular attention to the problem of contractual relations in potestary societies. Concepts have been developed on the role of the treaty as a leading source of regulating the relations between particular strata (tribes, tribes, communities, social states, etc.) before the emergence and strengthening of the state. It is noted that the normativity of such treaties was provided by the very fact of their recognition by the state (court) as proper sources. In turn, in the conditions of weakness of legislative regulation, the treaties acted not so much as acts of enforcement, as they combined several features inherent in different types of acts: private and public-law, including rulemaking. Such features were especially inherent in the treaties of the medieval era. These theoretical provisions can be combined with the available information about the social system, law and acts of Old Rus of the princely era, that is, the period from the rise of the East Slavic proto-state formation of the Rurik princes and to the middle of the XIV century. when social processes in the Old Rus began to evolve dynamically under the influence of external and internal factors. The rapid progress of the study of ancient Russian heritage by special historical disciplines, such as archeology, sigillography, diplomacy, etc., contributes to such research. The emergence of new primary sources allows us to review the earlier ideas about the nature of an ancient private act and its significance in the coverage of the historical and legal reality of Old Rus of the princely era. Conclusions. Particular attention is paid to conciliation treaties (ryadnye gramoty) in comparison with other private legal acts. Of particular interest is the consolidation in their texts of public-law sanctions unknown to other sources. The assumption is made about the origin of such sanctions from a certain written legal text, which has led to the widespread geographical distribution of such rare documents. The characteristic of princely legislation is given, in particular the weight is given to its extreme personification, when the acts of one prince were not of fundamental importance to the new one. Attention is also paid to the problem of unreliable obedience and the ways to solve it.

POLIVARIABILITY OF THE BASTARD MOTIF IN THE SHORT STORIES BY GUY DE MAUPASSANT: CHARACTER IN SEARCH OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Structural Methods

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

The transformation of the Russian notary in the new economic realities

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN A. KORSIK ◽  
◽  
ANASTASIYA A. PARFENCHIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
World Development

The article is devoted to the review of current changes in the legislation on notaries related to the development of electronic civil circulation, analysis of existing digital risks and assessment of the role of notaries in combating them. In modern economic realities, a significant expansion of the sphere of competence of the notary is carried out by introducing completely new notarial actions into the scope of the notary’s terms of reference. At the same time, the notary does not just follow the general ‘digital’ trend, but independently makes significant efforts to effectively perform the tasks of the social sphere regulator assigned to it by the state. The creation of the Unified Notary Information System as part of the formation of the technological infrastructure to ensure the security and stability of legal relations in the context of electronic civil circulation takes to a new level the quality of notarial services and the security of legally relevant information. The role of notaries significantly increases in conditions when the use of digital technologies in the economy, public administration, social sphere becomes one of the main vectors of world development, and society and the state inevitably face the flip side of this process – digital risks that jeopardize the safety of participants in civil turnover and their property. In 2020, as part of the implementation of the national program ‘Digital Economy’, it is planned to introduce a number of innovations that will create the basis for a stable and secure ‘digital’ turnover.

Party-Political and Socio-Economic Сonsequences of Elections to the German Bundestag

2021 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
V.B. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Face ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the results of the last Bundestag elections. They marked the end of the Angela Merkel era and reflected the continuation of difficult party-political and socio-economic processes in the informal leader of the European Union. The main attention of the research focuses on the peculiarities of the election campaign of the leading parties and of the search for ways of further development of Germany in the face of urgent economic and political challenges. These challenges include the impact of the coronavirus crisis, the impact of the energy and digital transition to a climate-neutral economy, and the complex international situation. Based on original sources, the author analyzes the causes of the SPD victory and the CDU/CSU bloc defeat, the results of the negotiations of the Social Democrats with the Greens and Liberals, the content of the coalition agreement from the point of view of the prospects for the development of domestic and foreign policy and the economy of Russia's main partner in the west of the Eurasian continent. The conclusion is made about the absence of breakthrough ideas, the consistent continuation of the course started by the previous government for a carbon-free economy and the strengthening of the role of Germany in Europe and the world. For this course, conflicts and problems in achieving the set goals will be immanent due to the compromising nature of the coalition agreements.

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