The results of laboratory studies of power set-tings of soil-cultivating working bodies

Existing machines for sorting potatoes damage marketable products as a result of the interaction of potato tubers with each other, with working organs and soil clods. The greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the machines for sorting. In order to determine the place of the greatest force impact of the working bodies of the sorting machines on the potato tuber and to carry out subsequent measures to eliminate negative effects in the design of these machines, laboratory studies were carried out using the "The TuberLog Electronic Potato" software tool. The article provides the results of comparative studies of the force impact of the sorting surface on the electronic potato tuber at various values of the forward speed of movement and interaction time of the working surface of roller-type machine for sorting potato tubers. Analysis of graphical dependencies showed that the greatest force impact (up to 22 N) on a potato tuber falls on the time interval of values from 8.5 to 9.5 s, while the standard deviation and coefficient of variation are σ = 5.7 and ν = 24.8 %, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the most "gentle" force impact of the working bodies of the sorting machine at the forward speed of the roller belt of 1.4 m / s throughout the entire technological process of sorting is the minimum force impact on the sorted products in the range from 3 to 6.5 N, which is 28-31% of the maximum force impact of working bodies at speeds of 1.8 and 2.2 m/s.

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Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies

Agricultural machinery and technologies ◽

10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-3-53-58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

I. V. Liskin ◽

A. V. Mironova

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Artificial Soil ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Fallow Lands ◽

Soil Cutting ◽

Working Bodies

The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.

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ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR SOWING FOREST SEEDS IN NURSERIES

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.3/11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 130-139

Author(s):

Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽

Nikita Ushakov ◽

Nikolai Jujukin ◽

Aleksey Zhuravlev

Keyword(s):

Void Formation ◽

Resource Conservation ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

No Till ◽

Open Ground ◽

Cutting Out ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Working Bodies ◽

Forest Seeds ◽

Small Forest

The analysis of sowing methods and existing types of seeders, which are used in forestry and agrotechnical complexes, as well as patent materials, is given. Analysis of domestic designs of SLP-M, SLU-5-20 and "Litva-25" seeders, intended for sowing small forest seeds in nurseries and open ground, showed that they are energy-intensive and do not always ensure the embedding of seeds in moist soil. The perspective directions of resource conservation in agriculture have been considered: sowing using "no-till" or "mini-do" technology, ensuring sowing of seeds in untreated and minimally cultivated soil. The combined seeder AGRATORDK is equipped with a disc cultivator and a seeder with gouters. The RAPIDRDA-450S seeder from VADERSTAD has spherical discs that cultivate soil in one pass. The presented methods of sowing and seeding devices have a significant drawback - the necessity of additional working bodies with a high probability of getting into the grooves of dry soil, moving the top layer of soil "back and forth." A gouter which can change the angle of entering the soil and planting depths of small forest seeds was developed. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown the operability of gouter mock-up specimen and the ability to cut the seed furrow by cutting out a layer of soil with void formation above the bottom of the seed furrow, into which seeds were fed through tubes from funnels. The seeds were embedded with a layer of soil under the influence of its own gravity

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RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATING MODES OF A FORESTRY STRIP PLAYER WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF CUTTING DISC WORKING BODIES

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.1/14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

Sergey Zimarin ◽

Maksim Gnusov ◽

Viktor Popikov ◽

Nikita Sherstyukov

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Angle Of Attack ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Hydraulic Drive ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Preventive Work ◽

Working Bodies

The article is devoted to laboratory studies of the soil aggregates. To date, remain relevant tasks for preparing for a fire-hazardous season and conducting fire fighting events. Creation, replacing mineralized bands One of the methods for conducting preventive work on the preservation of a forest massif on the development of large forest fires. Foresting the forest soil from the burning elements to the open layer of the soil, namely the creation of mineralized bands is mainly in front of the fire-hazardous season, during which strips and breaks are replaced. For laboratory research, an experimental installation was developed and manufactured. According to the study method, we defined the factors that changed the angle (α) and angle (β) for a spherical disk with semicircular cuts during the experiment. During the experiments, to verify the normality of the distribution of the characteristics responsible for the energy readings of the unit, a series of 30 experiments was performed using 30 experiments when setting the angles of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts α = 100, β = 100. Detailing the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the response function by the Criterion X2 -Pirson was carried out. According to the criterion of Kohrene, the homogeneity of the dispersions of the experiments was carried out. Based on the obtained experimental data, the dependences of the rotation of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts from the angle of attack and tilt, the dependence of the power from the angle of attack were constructed.

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Results of comparative studies of the quality indicators of the working bodies of the seed-onion planting machine

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp77-82 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Alexey Semenovich Dorokhov ◽

Alexey Viktorovich Sibirev ◽

Alexander Gennadievich Aksenov

Keyword(s):

Quality Indicators ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Working Bodies ◽

Translational Speed ◽

Range Of Values ◽

Center Distance ◽

Made In

The article presents the design of the disc-seeding organ and the opener of the machine for planting onion sets. They are described the methodology and the results of comparative studies to determine the quality indicators of the work of the closing working bodies of the machine for planting onion sets. The results of the comparative laboratory studies of the embedding working bodies of the machine for planting onion sets showed that the disc embedding bodies provide higher performance indicators than the opener with installed embedding elements made in the form of a hiller in the investigated range of values of the translational speed of movement and the center distance between the embedding elements of sealing organs by 1,7% on average.

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Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110001469x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Clifford N. Matthews ◽

Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽

Shirley A. Liebman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Solar System ◽

Hydrogen Cyanide ◽

Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Heterogeneous Solids ◽

The Many ◽

Comet Halley ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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Cognitive Aging in a Precision Sport Context

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.1.3.166 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 166-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bo Molander ◽

Lars Bäckman

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

High Arousal ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Age Related ◽

Principal Finding

Highly skilled miniature golf players were examined in a series of field and laboratory studies. The principal finding from these studies is that young and young adult players (range = 15-38 years) score equally well or better in competition than in training whereas older adult players (range = 46-73 years) perform worse in competitive events than under training conditions. It was also found that the impairment in motor performance on the part of the older players is associated with age-related deficits in basic cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention. These results support the hypothesis that older players may be able to compensate for age-related deficits under relaxed conditions, but not under conditions of high arousal. The possibility of improving the performance of the older players in stressful situations by means of various intervention programs is discussed.

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Automation Surprise

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert J. de Boer ◽

Karel Hurts

Keyword(s):

Flight Control ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Aviation Safety ◽

Control Mode ◽

Cognitive Errors ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Airline Pilots ◽

Flight Operations ◽

Widespread Phenomenon ◽

Few Data

Abstract. Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.

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