scholarly journals Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
I. V. Liskin ◽  
A. V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Working Bodies

The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the  filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.

scholarly journals Research of influence of constructive and technological parameters of developed variants of screws with screw working bodies rabbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. B. Klendii ◽  
◽  
M. I. Klendii ◽  
R. V. Shatrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches

The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of design and technological parameters of the developed variants of the harrow with screw working bodies on the efficiency of earning plant residues. The object of research is the technological process of tillage with a harrow with screw working bodies. The subject of the study is the patterns of the process of earning crop residues depending on the change in the angle of attack of the working body, the step size of the screw working body and the depth of tillage On the basis of the complex of experimental researches the regression dependences for definition of percent of the area of a surface of a field with full earning of the vegetative rests by a harrow with screw working bodies are deduced. The response surfaces of the percentage of the surface area of the field with the full earning of crop residues ξ during tillage with a harrow with screw working bodies are constructed. It is established that the dominant influence on the percentage of the field surface area with full earnings of crop residues ξ has the depth of tillage h, then the angle of attack β of the battery of screw working bodies and the least affected step size of the screw working body T.

scholarly journals The Process Of Soil Cutting With Rotor Knives Of Combined Ploughsharing-Racked Plow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vasylynych ◽  
V. Duganec ◽  
Y. Pantsyr
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Deep Plowing ◽  
Research Analysis

Soil tillage is the most energy-intensive and costly process. Therefore, the creation of combined machines that perform multiple operations in one workflow is a pressing issue for today, the solution of which is inextricably linked to the integration of agricultural operations into one technological process that brings economic, organizational and agrobiological benefits. Based on the peculiarities of soil preparation for planting or planting crops as an object, and the need for further scientific design of the combined technological process of soil application of fertilizers, active crumbling and cultivation of root, plant residues and fertilizers as a subject, the purpose of scientific research analysis of the interaction of the rotor with the reservoir, determination and optimization of the basic parameters of knives, radius, rotational speed with a view to providing classic soil cutting and mixing with fertilizers. At State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podiya the design of the combined plow was developed. The technological process of their work combines the operations of deep plowing, the active grinding of the formation and the earning of root and crop residues, as well as the introduction of mineral fertilizers. As a result of researches, the angles of installation of the knife with respect to the radius of the rotor α, the angle of sharpening γ, the cutting angle ψ, the occipital angle ζ, the angle of conicity of the rotor β, the angle of displacement of the blades (rays) of the attachment, the magnitude of the transformation of the angle of sharpening, the analysis of the part of the sharpening , and according to its results the required speed of rotation at which the soil passes on the surface of the knife without loading is determined and the effect of its unloading is provided

scholarly journals RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATING MODES OF A FORESTRY STRIP PLAYER WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF CUTTING DISC WORKING BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Sergey Zimarin ◽  
Maksim Gnusov ◽  
Viktor Popikov ◽  
Nikita Sherstyukov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Working Bodies

The article is devoted to laboratory studies of the soil aggregates. To date, remain relevant tasks for preparing for a fire-hazardous season and conducting fire fighting events. Creation, replacing mineralized bands One of the methods for conducting preventive work on the preservation of a forest massif on the development of large forest fires. Foresting the forest soil from the burning elements to the open layer of the soil, namely the creation of mineralized bands is mainly in front of the fire-hazardous season, during which strips and breaks are replaced. For laboratory research, an experimental installation was developed and manufactured. According to the study method, we defined the factors that changed the angle (α) and angle (β) for a spherical disk with semicircular cuts during the experiment. During the experiments, to verify the normality of the distribution of the characteristics responsible for the energy readings of the unit, a series of 30 experiments was performed using 30 experiments when setting the angles of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts α = 100, β = 100. Detailing the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the response function by the Criterion X2 -Pirson was carried out. According to the criterion of Kohrene, the homogeneity of the dispersions of the experiments was carried out. Based on the obtained experimental data, the dependences of the rotation of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts from the angle of attack and tilt, the dependence of the power from the angle of attack were constructed.

A method for evaluating the edge strength of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Voynash ◽  
Viktoriya A. Sokolova ◽  
Viktor I. Kretinin ◽  
Viktor A. Markov ◽  
Elena A. Alekseeva Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Solid Inclusion ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Blade Edge ◽  
Solid Soil ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Cyclic Impact ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

One of the main factors that determine the resistance of blade working bodies against damage under dynamic loads is their resistance to plastic crumpling, brittle or fatigue failure. Hard alloys that strengthen the blades of tillage parts are more brittle materials than steel, so the blunting of their edges is caused by the formation of cracks, their gradual growth or microchipping, even from a possible single impact of a solid inclusion in the soil. In addition to the usual brittle fracture of hard alloys, fatigue failure occurs under cyclic impact conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the pattern of destruction of the blade edge of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines and theoretically justifying the algorithm for assessing the strength to determine the rational thickness of the wear-resistant coating during hardening. (Materials and methods) The article presents the main regularities of the influence of material properties and geometric parameters of the blade on the radius of rounding. (Results and discussion) The process of breaking the edge of the blade of hardened working bodies of forestry machines has been studied. The claim that the blunting of the blades is mainly due to its destruction and not to wear has been proved. The article presents a method for evaluating the strength of bimetallic blades of soil-cutting parts of forestry machines. It was found that the blunting of the blade occurs as a result of edge destruction in the process of multiple impacts of solid soil inclusions along the edge of the blade. (Conclusions) The article shows that the destruction of the edge of the blade leads to blunting of soil-cutting parts, which affects their performance. It was found that the sharpness of a self-sharpening hardened blade is determined by the thickness of the reinforcing layer and its ability to resist destruction under impact.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

CORRELATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL NUMBERS AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN A FIELD SOIL

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
R. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Plate Method

Bacterial numbers, estimated by the plate method, and carbon dioxide were significantly correlated (r = 0.50–0.69) in field soil during 1955, in an experiment designed to test the effects of straw and crop residues on soil conditions. Differences in moisture, temperature, and soil treatment did not interfere with the correlation.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Residues on Pesticide Behavior in Soils: A Review of Laboratory Research

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
María J. Carpio ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil. This review article addresses how the adsorption–desorption, dissipation and leaching of pesticides in soils is affected by different organic residues usually applied as organic amendments. Based on the results reported from laboratory studies, the influence on these processes has been evaluated of multiple factors related to organic residues (e.g., origin, nature, composition, rates, and incubation time of the amended soils), pesticides (e.g., with different use, structure, characteristics, and application method), and soils with different physicochemical properties. Future perspectives on this topic are also included for highlighting the need to extend these laboratory studies to field and modelling scale to better assess and predict pesticide fate in amended soil scenarios.

The influence of soil conditions on the decomposition of organic matter in the soil

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Russell ◽  
A. Appleyard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Of Plant Residues

The biochemical decomposition of plant residues and other organic matter in the soil is of fundamental importance for soil fertility. It causes the breaking down of coarse plant fragments which otherwise might open up the soil too much: it leads to the production of colloidal complexes known as humus which exert many beneficial effects both chemical and physical, and it brings about the formation of nitrates, the most important of the nitrogenous plant nutrients.

Features of the preanalytic stage of clinical and laboratory studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Inozemtseva
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Studies ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

The article presents the results of research work on optimizing the work of middle medical personnel at the Samara Cardiological Dispensary during the preanalytic stage of clinical diagnostic studies. The importance and expediency of the development and implementation of a memo on compliance with the requirements of the preanalytical stage of clinical and laboratory research in the practice of nurses is emphasized.

Simulation of soil cutting blade wear

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
D. A. Mironov ◽  
I. V. Liskin ◽  
S. A. Sidorov ◽  
V. D. Nagorny ◽  
I. I. Afonina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Chip Separation ◽  
Cutting Path ◽  
Resistance Forces

The results of a laboratory study of the wear patterns of blades of tillage parts are presented. To substantiate the model of soil-cutting blade wear in laboratory studies. Applied installation, providing rectilinear movement of the sample, one-time interaction of the blade with the particles of abrasive mass, and reproducing chip separation, inherent in most loamy soils. The dependence of the angle of inclination of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow, the width of the occipital chamfer and blade wear along the length of the sample from the cutting path, taken in studies for the main parameters of wear, were obtained. It was found that with increasing depth of cut, the intensity of wear increases, but when there are irregularities and undulations of the bottom of the furrow, it decreases due to the increase in the cutting path with lower loads due to the alternation of depressions and protrusions at the bottom of the furrow. With increasing hardness of the abrasive mass, the intensity of wear of the blade increases, at the same time the value of the stabilized angle of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow decreases, due to changes in the wear mechanism. With increasing cutting speed, the intensity of blade wear increases due to increased soil resistance forces and specific energy expended on its deformation and destruction. It was shown that the abrasive model of the soil corresponds to the real loamy soil for the study of wear of cutting elements. The expansion of the characteristics of the soil model peculiar to «nature» is due to the inclusion of additional components, in particular ceresin and vaseline, in the composition of the base "paraffin + quartz particles".

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