scholarly journals RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OPERATING MODES OF A FORESTRY STRIP PLAYER WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF CUTTING DISC WORKING BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Sergey Zimarin ◽  
Maksim Gnusov ◽  
Viktor Popikov ◽  
Nikita Sherstyukov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Working Bodies

The article is devoted to laboratory studies of the soil aggregates. To date, remain relevant tasks for preparing for a fire-hazardous season and conducting fire fighting events. Creation, replacing mineralized bands One of the methods for conducting preventive work on the preservation of a forest massif on the development of large forest fires. Foresting the forest soil from the burning elements to the open layer of the soil, namely the creation of mineralized bands is mainly in front of the fire-hazardous season, during which strips and breaks are replaced. For laboratory research, an experimental installation was developed and manufactured. According to the study method, we defined the factors that changed the angle (α) and angle (β) for a spherical disk with semicircular cuts during the experiment. During the experiments, to verify the normality of the distribution of the characteristics responsible for the energy readings of the unit, a series of 30 experiments was performed using 30 experiments when setting the angles of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts α = 100, β = 100. Detailing the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution of the response function by the Criterion X2 -Pirson was carried out. According to the criterion of Kohrene, the homogeneity of the dispersions of the experiments was carried out. Based on the obtained experimental data, the dependences of the rotation of the spherical disk with semicircular cuts from the angle of attack and tilt, the dependence of the power from the angle of attack were constructed.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF THE SCREW WORKING BODIES OF FOREST FIRE GROUND-THROWING MACHINES WITH THE GROUND COVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Petr Popikov ◽  
Anton Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Fire Ground

The paper provides an overview of research on the working processes of screw working bodies of technological machines. It is noted that at present such important issues in the theory of auger working bodies as the required number of auger turns, the required position of the auger spiral in relation to the center, etc. have not been fully resolved, since the solution of these issues can provide an increased productivity of the tool. A structural and technological scheme of a forest fire machine with multifunctional modules is proposed, which consists of auger working bodies, which can be changed modularly with a screw metal thread for a brush, depending on the area and type of soil, the rotor of the thrower, with the ability to drive the cutters-throwers and auger working bodies both from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, and using a hydraulic motor, a guide casing. A mathematical model of an auger working body with a hydraulic drive has been compiled for removing the ground cover with forest litter when extinguishing forest fires with a ground gun, so that combustible materials do not fall into the fire zone together with the soil flow from the rotor-thrower. The working process of the hydraulic drive of the auger working bodies of a forest fire ground-sweeping machine is described by a system of differential equations, including the equations of translational and rotational movements of the auger working body and the equation of the flow rate of the working fluid. The problem of optimization of kinematic and dynamic parameters of auger working bodies of forest fire ground-sweeping machine is set

scholarly journals Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
I. V. Liskin ◽  
A. V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Working Bodies

The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the  filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.

scholarly journals The results of research to clarify the process of cutting soil spherical disk working body

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Volsky, V.
Keyword(s):  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Instantaneous Center ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Working Bodies

Purpose. Clarify the size and direction of cutting the soil, taking into account the influence of the coordinates of the instantaneous center of the disk on the rotation of its diameter at the time of its location in a vertical position. Methods. Using the provisions of physics, theoretical mechanics and resistance of materials. Results. The influence of the coordinates of the location of the instantaneous center of the disk on the angle of cutting of the soil by the points of the blade of the disk and the vectors of their trajectory in the soil medium is established, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the value of the angle of cutting of the soil depending on the parameters and operating modes of the spherical disk working body, and its smallest possible value was used in as an evaluation criterion in the selection and justification of rational parameters and operating modes of disk harrows. It has been established that the cutting angle γcut increases with decreasing angle of inclination of the disk β and an increase in the angle of attack α'. Conclusions 1. The direction of movement of the points of the blade of the disk in the soil medium is clarified due to the rotation of the diameter of the disk at the moment of its vertical location under the influence of the coordinates of the instant center, this is confirmed by the profile of the formation of the bottom of the furrow with a notched disk of the working body. 2. A refined dependence is obtained for determining the angle of soil cutting by the points of the blade of a spherical disk working body, which combines all its parameters and the smallest possible value of the angle of soil cutting, and the expediency of its use in the selection and justification of rational parameters of the working bodies of the disk harrow. Keywords: soil, soil environment, the spherical disc working body, the points of the blade of the disk, the speed of movement of points of the blade of the disk, the cutting angle of the soil, the angle of attack, the angle of inclination of the disk to the vertical.

scholarly journals Justification of the operating modes of the needle disk of a new design

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
A.N. Shmidt ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kem ◽  
M.S. Chekusov ◽  
D.E. Kuz'min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Working Bodies

The preservation and accumulation of productive soil moisture in areas with insufficient moisture and subject to wind erosion does not lose its relevance. Known disc needle-like working bodies of rotary harrows, intended for surface treatment on stubble backgrounds, are mainly aimed at loos-ening the upper soil layer. An incorrectly selected mode of using existing needle harrows is danger-ous by excessive spraying and drying out of the surface of fertile soil. In this regard, there was pro-posed a new technical solution for a needle disk with a changing shape of needles, which makes it possible to loosen the top layer of soil from making holes on the surface of the field. A tillage tool with needle discs consists of a hub with needles fixed on it. The disc is installed afrontal, each nee-dle is made of a variable shape, the first half made from the base of the needle is square, and the second half is pyramidal with a top at the end of the needle. The use of such needle discs with nee-dles, which more easily penetrate the soil make it possible to efficiently chop up crop residues and loosen the soil, which improves the quality of soil cultivation. The tests of the new needle disk against the background of perennial grasses made it possible to substantiate the main operating pa-rameters of the new working body. For sandy loam soil with a hardness of 14.5 kPa with an ag-rophone of perennial grasses, such as awnless rump and alfalfa, it was found that the maximum pa-rameter for moisture accumulation will be achieved at a speed of 7 km / h with an angle of attack equal to 0 °, and loosening at a speed of 9 km / h with an angle of attack of 16 °. A rational parame-ter, at which not only moisture accumulation occurs, but also high-quality soil cultivation, is achieved when the angle of attack is set to 4 ° and the speed of the unit is 7 km / h.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS OF THE QUARRY ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (52) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
A. Artemenko ◽  
◽  
O. Chornyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Traction Electric Drive ◽  
Instantaneous Values

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to conduct experimental studies to determine the parameters of DC motors of sequential excitation in dynamic modes of operation for use in setting up the control system of the electric drive. The paper presents the results of experimental studies to determine the parameters of the traction electric drive of direct current quarry electric locomotive. The research was conducted on the basis of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University with the use of a laboratory research stand with electromechanical equipment that simulates the operation of a traction drive, namely slippage of traction wheels when changing clutch conditions and differences in electrical parameters of traction motors. Methodology. The parameters were determined on the basis of a set of methods based on the measured instantaneous values of the state variables of the electric drive. The efficiency of application of the method of state space and the method which uses instantaneous values of current and voltage of the motor in the quasi-constant mode at power supply from the valve energy converter is proved. Results. The results obtained in the course of research indicate the possibility of calculating the parameters with an accuracy of 10 %. The verification of the obtained results is checked by subtracting the coefficient of determination and the sum of the squares of the deviations for the experimental data calculated on the basis of certain parameters. Originality. The accuracy of parameter determination is ensured by the use of instantaneous values of current and voltage at adjacent time intervals, and the voltage at the armature is formed by the control system and changes over time, ensuring the start of the motor with starting current limitation. Practical value. The developed computerized laboratory stand allows to measure instantaneous values of state variables and to carry out calculations of electric parameters of traction engines, and also to investigate static, power and dynamic operating modes of electromechanical transmissions of vehicles, both in regular operating modes, and to simulate various emergency operating modes, in particular. Figures 5, tables 2, references 7.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF WORKING BODIES OF EQUIPMENT EXTINGUISHING FOREST FIRES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Anton Pozdnyakov ◽  
Ivan Bartenev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Milling Tools

Currently, the machines are energy-intensive and inefficient, since the tools are mounted on tractors with a creeper reducer, and the cutters have to work in the conditions of the sodden upper soil layers, which significantly reduces the quality and productivity of the process. This served as an impetus for the creation of new technical tools that would combine the best qualities of plows and milling tools, expand the range of possible applications, but at the same time were devoid of their shortcomings. So there appeared tools with combined working bodies, for example, a strip thrower, developed on the basis of the G.F. Morozova. However, these developments also do not completely solve the problems of the efficiency and quality of preventive and forest fire operations, since the working bodies of milling, although working on a loose soil-soil shaft, are still not protected from roots and stumps, they have a large mass and dimensions due to a combination of two types working bodies in one design. A comparative analysis of technical means and experimental studies of a prototype forest fire soil-throwing machine with a combined working body was carried out.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Residues on Pesticide Behavior in Soils: A Review of Laboratory Research

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
María J. Carpio ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil. This review article addresses how the adsorption–desorption, dissipation and leaching of pesticides in soils is affected by different organic residues usually applied as organic amendments. Based on the results reported from laboratory studies, the influence on these processes has been evaluated of multiple factors related to organic residues (e.g., origin, nature, composition, rates, and incubation time of the amended soils), pesticides (e.g., with different use, structure, characteristics, and application method), and soils with different physicochemical properties. Future perspectives on this topic are also included for highlighting the need to extend these laboratory studies to field and modelling scale to better assess and predict pesticide fate in amended soil scenarios.

scholarly journals The method of dynamic operating modes investigation in electrohydraulic drive systems with improved accuracy of positioning executive elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 04024
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Grechikhin ◽  
Galina A. Galka ◽  
Anatoliy I. Ozerskiy ◽  
Mikhail E. Shoshiashvili
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Electrohydraulic Drive ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Executive Elements

The article describes the method of dynamic operating modes investigation in electrohydraulic drive systems with improved accuracy of positioning output element. The method is the evolution of the fundamental positions of the mechanics of continuous media with moving boundaries as applied to the research of non-stationary processes accompanying the operation of hydraulic drive systems with piston hydraulic machines. The method is based on generalized modeling (technical, physical, mathematical and computer), takes into account the peculiarities of mutual influence of electric and hydraulic machines during their joint work as part of the electrohydraulic drive, which raises the level and adequacy of actuators simulation, as well as the reliability of the assessment of their technical condition. The method extends the field of research, improves the accuracy of the calculation of the positioning of the executive elements, taking into account the different dynamic modes of the drives under study.

scholarly journals About perspective designs of ground-blower with the combined working bodies

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Fokin ◽  
Yulia Vladimirovna Motova ◽  
Sergey Konstantinovich Sariyev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Working Bodies

The causes and means of extinguishing forest fires are analyzed. A fire milling soil-thrower is offered as the most effective.

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