scholarly journals ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS MORBIDITY IN RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (66) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Виктор Катола ◽  
Viktor Katola
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Based on the analysis of the long-term morbidity of tuberculosis in Russia and the Amur Region, it has been established that its uplifts are performed in cycles of 25-30 years. Taking into account the literature data and our own experiments, it is assumed that each successive outbreak of tuberculosis is caused by coincident activation of L-forms of mycobacteria contained in the body of vaccinated and revaccinated children, adolescents and adults, and by dermal phenotypes inhabiting various environmental sites. To identify the "hidden reserve of mycobacteria" it is recommended to use the method of prints and the transfer of bacteriological laboratories to molecular genetic studies.

scholarly journals Molecular-genetic mechanisms of initiation, promotion and progression of tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Lyzhko
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy

Carcinogenesis - the process of turning a normal cell into a tumor cell under the influence of the mutations that accumulate in the cell. The cause of tumor cells is the accumulation of her mutation. The accumulation of cell mutations occurs as a result of the occurrence of genetic instability. The process of tumor development is divided into 3 main stages: initiation, promotion and progression. At the stage of initiation of cell receives the first mutational hit, which leads to disruption of its genetic stability. Most often, mutations are subjected to proto-oncogenes, genes-tumor suppressors, and genes governing DNA repair processes. At this stage there is an accumulation in the cell genetic damage that lead to an increase of the degree of malignancy. The next step in the transformation of cells in a tumor is promoted. This period has transformed as a result of mutations cells acquire a number of properties that help it to survive in the environment. They no longer respond to signals from the environment, acquire, auto- and paracrine stimulation signals of proliferation, the inhibition of apoptosis, genetic instability, changes in the morphology of the cells, the lack of replicative aging. Cells of tumour clone is constantly mutating under the pressure of selection by the immune system of the body. This leads to qualitative changes of the phenotype of tumor cells, the emergence is one of many tumor clones. This stage is called “tumor progression”. As a result of increasing tumor mass requires greater amount of nutrients. The stimulation of angiogenesis. By reducing the degree of affinity of the cells to the substrate and increase its mobility, there are secondary foci, metastases. The development of tumor process captures new areas in the body in Spite of the constant improvement of methods of therapy of tumors, the number of patients who achieve long-term remission is not great. So researchers are looking for ways for more complete and in-depth study of the pathogenesis of tumors, since this will facilitate the development of more effective approaches to therapy of tumors. This article briefly describes the main stages of tumor development.

The evaluation of productive traits of pigs with application methods of population selection and molecular genetic markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
A. Balnikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
E. Gridyushko ◽  
I. Gridyushko ◽  
V. Ruzuvanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Productive Traits

The comprehensive evaluation of the productive traits of the initial genotypes of pigs in the creation of breeding herds using population selection methods has been carried out. Based on the results of evaluating the growth and development of breeding animals using the methods of index selection and DNA testing for the genes markers RYR1, ESR, IGF-2, MUC4 the genealogical structure of breeding herds has been formed on the basis of new stud lines of Belarusian stud type of pigs of Yorkshire breed. It has been found that sows of new lines had high reproduction rates: prolifi cacy was 11,6 piglets, milk capacity was 59,1 kg, number of piglets at weaning was 11,2 heads, and litter weight at weaning was 103,6 kg. The breeding herd of two new stud lines is represented by boars of the line Drug 6805 and Dobry 2313. The average productivity of boars-line continuers was: the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg to 160 days, the average daily gain from birth to reaching the live weight of 100 kg was 636 g. At the age of 12 months, the live weight and body length of replacement boars were 268 kg and 175 cm, the thickness of the fat was 8,9 mm, the height of the longest back muscle was 51,5 mm, the content of lean meat in the body was 62,6 %, which corresponds to the class “elite”. Boars have been separated into reproductive traits. Improvement of lines is carried out through the continuators of related groups. Analysis of genetic studies of animals of new stud lines has shown that they have a high frequency of occurrence of desirable alleles by genes: RYR1 (stress-resistant animals) – 1,0; IGF-2 (fattening and meat traits) – 0,783; ESR (reproductive traits) – 0,608; MUC4 – (resistance to escherichiosis) – 0,786.

scholarly journals Sample management: a primary critical starting point for successful omics studies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jung Koh ◽  
Seung Hwan Kim ◽  
Seung Yong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sample Management ◽  
Term Storage

AbstractBiological samples collected from cohort studies are widely utilized in molecular genetic studies and are typically stored long term for future applications, such as omics analyses. The extent of sample availability is determined by proper sample handling, and it is of primary importance for successful omics studies. However, questions on whether samples in long-term storage are properly available for omics experiments has been raised, because the quality and availability of such samples remain unknown until their actual utilization. In that perspective, several guidelines for proper sample management have been suggested. In addition, several researchers assessed how improper management damages sample using mock sample and suggested a set of requirements for sample handling. In this review, we present several considerations for sample handling eligible for omics studies. Focusing on birth cohorts, we describe the types of samples collected from which omics data were generated. This review ultimately aims to provide proper guidelines for sample handling for successful human omics studies.

Testing the impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on setae structure of Amphipoda (Crustacea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4950 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
ROXANA TIMM ◽  
MARTIN SCHWENTNER ◽  
SIMON BOBER ◽  
ANNE-NINA LÖRZ
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Dna Extraction Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

Intact voucher specimens are essential to allow detailed morphological observations on specimens that are used in molecular genetic studies. This can be achieved either by dissection of small, taxonomically uninformative parts of the body for DNA extraction or by employing non-destructive DNA extraction methods. The latter is particularly important for small-bodied animals. Here we test the effects of Chelex-based DNA extraction on the integrity of setae and setules in Amphipoda, fragile structures of great taxonomic importance. Our results show that DNA extraction using Chelex had no influence on the setae and setule structure and is well suited for reverse taxonomic approaches and the long-term storage of morphological vouchers. A detailed protocol for non-destructive DNA extraction is provided. 

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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