scholarly journals METHOD FOR ASTHMA PREDICTION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYPOUS RHINOSINUSITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (70) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Владимир Самсонов ◽  
Vladimir Samsonov ◽  
Юлий Перельман ◽  
Yuliy Perelman ◽  
Элла Захарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Exhaled Air

The method for prediction of asthma in patients with polypous rhinosinusitis was developed. It consists of determination of the average mass molecules (AMM, optical density units), measurement of exhaled and inhaled air temperature (T exh, ºC), and (T inh, ºC), and determination of the temperature difference (ΔT, ºC) between the inhaled and exhaled air temperatures and with the help of the discriminant equation: D = +5.028 × T exh - 0.405×ΔT - 8.910 × AMM, where the discriminant function (D) boundary value is 152.16. At D greater than or equal to the discriminant function boundary value, the absence of asthma in patients with polypous rhinosinusitis is predicted; at D less than the discriminant function boundary value, the development of asthma is predicted.

scholarly journals Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6287-6298
Author(s):  
S. A. P. de Jong ◽  
J. D. Slingerland ◽  
N. C. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Different Diameters

Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. The results for a pair of black cables and a pair of white cables were very good. The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.99). A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature. The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables but the results are especially interesting for vertical atmospheric profiling.

scholarly journals Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. P. de Jong ◽  
J. D. Slingerland ◽  
N. C. van de Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Different Diameters

Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric distributed temperature sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such a virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. With two unshielded cable pairs, one black pair and one white pair, good results were obtained given the general consensus that shielding is needed to avoid radiation errors (WMO, 2010). The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both cables of colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.99) and a RMSE of 0.38 °C, compared to a RMSE of 2.40 °C for a 3.0 mm uncorrected black cable. A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature measured with a nearby shielded thermometer (RMSE of 0.61 °C). The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables with an eye to temperature measurements in urban areas, but the same method can be applied to any atmospheric DTS measurements, and for profile measurements along towers or with balloons and quadcopters.

scholarly journals Methodology of determination of extreme air temperatures thresholds in eastern Serbia (Negotin town): In January and July

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The World ◽  
Climatic Phenomenon

The human life and the most of human activities are adapted to the normal climatic conditions everywhere in the world. Therefore any deviation in intensity, frequency or spatial distribution of climatic events is considered as extraordinary climatic phenomenon which could cause unpleasant consequences. These events are known as extreme phenomenon. In this paper extreme air temperature events are formulated, and methodology for identification is considered on the example of Negotin town in eastern part of Serbia.

scholarly journals A Comparison of SNOTEL and GHCN/CRU Surface Temperatures with Free-Air Temperatures at High Elevations in the Western United States: Data Compatibility and Trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1967-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Pepin ◽  
M. Losleben ◽  
M. Hartman ◽  
K. Chowanski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Free Air

Abstract This paper compares high-elevation surface temperatures based on the Global Historical Climate Network/Climatic Research Unit (GHCN/CRU) and snow telemetry (SNOTEL) datasets, with simultaneous free-air equivalent temperatures, interpolated from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. Mean monthly temperature anomalies from 1982 to 1999 are examined for 60 SNOTEL and 296 GHCN/CRU sites at elevations over 500 m with relatively homogenous records. The surface/free-air temperature difference ΔT (Ts − Ta) is calculated for both the SNOTEL and GHCN/CRU datasets. Topography influences the correlation between surface and free-air temperature anomalies. Physically realistic diurnal and seasonal changes in ΔT\E are illustrated. Systematic secular trends in surface temperatures, free-air temperatures, and ΔT are revealed, but the sign and magnitude of change depends on location, meaning that regional signals are weak. The Ts trends are positive for most GHCN and CRU sites, and for SNOTEL sites at night. Daytime cooling in the SNOTEL network reduces the mean daily warming trend. The Ta trends are consistently positive for both networks and are often larger than Ts. Thus mean ΔT trends are negative for both datasets. The smaller sample size in the SNOTEL dataset means that error estimates for regional signals are much wider than for the GHCN/CRU dataset. Trend difference maps identify potentially anomalous SNOTEL records. Trends show no correlation with elevation and topography. Surface trends show higher variability and account for most of the uncertainty in ΔT trends. Sensitivity of trends to time period is also discussed. Such changes in the free-air/surface temperature difference may indicate change in the energy balance of mountain areas.

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

scholarly journals A Study of Developing a Prediction Equation of Electricity Energy Output via Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503
Author(s):  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Hongmyeong Kim ◽  
Jae Hak Jung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Pv Module

Various equations are being developed and applied to predict photovoltaic (PV) module generation. Currently, quite diverse methods for predicting module generation are available, with most equations showing accuracy with ≤5% error. However, the accuracy can be determined only when the module temperature and the value of irradiation that reaches the module surface are precisely known. The prediction accuracy of outdoor generation is actually extremely low, as the method for predicting outdoor module temperature has extremely low accuracy. The change in module temperature cannot be predicted accurately because of the real-time change of irradiation and air temperature outdoors. Calculations using conventional equations from other studies show a mean error of temperature difference of 4.23 °C. In this study, an equation was developed and verified that can predict the precise module temperature up to 1.64 °C, based on the experimental data obtained after installing an actual outdoor module.

scholarly journals Heatwaves and Summer Urban Heat Islands: A Daily Cycle Approach to Unveil the Urban Thermal Signal Changes in Lisbon, Portugal

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Oliveira ◽  
António Lopes ◽  
Ezequiel Correia ◽  
Samuel Niza ◽  
Amílcar Soares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Thermal Signal ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat

Lisbon is a European Mediterranean city, greatly exposed to heatwaves (HW), according to recent trends and climate change prospects. Considering the Atlantic influence, air temperature observations from Lisbon’s mesoscale network are used to investigate the interactions between background weather and the urban thermal signal (UTS) in summer. Days are classified according to the prevailing regional wind direction, and hourly UTS is compared between HW and non-HW conditions. Northern-wind days predominate, revealing greater maximum air temperatures (up to 40 °C) and greater thermal amplitudes (approximately 10 °C), and account for 37 out of 49 HW days; southern-wind days have milder temperatures, and no HWs occur. Results show that the wind direction groups are significantly different. While southern-wind days have minor UTS variations, northern-wind days have a consistent UTS daily cycle: a diurnal urban cooling island (UCI) (often lower than –1.0 °C), a late afternoon peak urban heat island (UHI) (occasionally surpassing 4.0 °C), and a stable nocturnal UHI (1.5 °C median intensity). UHI/UCI intensities are not significantly different between HW and non-HW conditions, although the synoptic influence is noted. Results indicate that, in Lisbon, the UHI intensity does not increase during HW events, although it is significantly affected by wind. As such, local climate change adaptation strategies must be based on scenarios that account for the synergies between potential changes in regional air temperature and wind.

Effects of Air Temperature on Combustion Characteristics of LPG Diffusion Flame

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Salman ◽  
Ibrahim A. Ibrahim ◽  
Hamada M. Gad ◽  
Tharwat M. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Wide Range

In the present study, the combustion characteristics of LPG gaseous fuel diffusion flame at elevated air temperatures were experimentally investigated. An experimental test rig was manufactured to examine a wide range of operating conditions. The investigated parameters are the air temperatures of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 K with constant percentage of nitrogen addition in combustion air stream of 5 % to give low oxygen concentration of 18.3 % by mass at constant air swirl number, air to fuel mass ratio, and thermal load of 1.5, 30, and 23 kW, respectively. The gaseous combustion characteristics were represented as axial and radial temperatures distributions, temperatures gradient, visible flame length and species concentrations. The results indicated that as the air temperature increased, the chemical reaction rate increased and flame volume decreased, the combustion time reduced leading to a reduction in flame length. The NO concentration reaches its maximum values near the location of the maximum centerline axial temperature. Increasing the combustion air temperature by 200 K, the NO consequently O2 concentrations are increased by about % 355 and 20 % respectively, while CO2 and CO concentrations are decreased by about % 21 and 99 % respectively, at the combustor end.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Independent Influences of Land Cover and Humidity on Microscale Urban Air Temperature Variation in Hot Summer: Methods of Path Analysis and Genetic SVR

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Weifang Shi ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Aixuan Xin ◽  
Linglan Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Air Temperatures

Mitigating high air temperatures and heat waves is vital for decreasing air pollution and protecting public health. To improve understanding of microscale urban air temperature variation, this paper performed measurements of air temperature and relative humidity in a field of Wuhan City in the afternoon of hot summer days, and used path analysis and genetic support vector regression (SVR) to quantify the independent influences of land cover and humidity on air temperature variation. The path analysis shows that most effect of the land cover is mediated through relative humidity difference, more than four times as much as the direct effect, and that the direct effect of relative humidity difference is nearly six times that of land cover, even larger than the total effect of the land cover. The SVR simulation illustrates that land cover and relative humidity independently contribute 16.3% and 83.7%, on average, to the rise of the air temperature over the land without vegetation in the study site. An alternative strategy of increasing the humidity artificially is proposed to reduce high air temperatures in urban areas. The study would provide scientific support for the regulation of the microclimate and the mitigation of the high air temperature in urban areas.

scholarly journals Variations of indicative dates of ice regime on Lake Onego based on ground air temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav N. Baklagin
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Early Formation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
Ice Phenomena

The paper shows the changes in the dates (complete freeze-up, ±5 days/°C and complete ice clearance, ±3 days/°C) of the ice regime in Lake Onego depending on changes in average air temperature within the preceding two-month periods (autumn and spring). The regression equations for their calculation based on previous three- and four-month periods according to the 2000-2018 data are also provided. Indicative dates of ice regime based on accumulated air temperatures within the ice period of Lake Onego were also established (early formation of ice phenomena, complete freeze-up phase, beginning of the break-up phase and complete ice clearance). Together with the data on expected air temperature above the lake’s surface, these dependencies enable us to predict the indicative dates of the ice regime.

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