scholarly journals Human Rights in Islamic Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Miss Robina ◽  
Altaf Ahmad Shah ◽  
Zafar Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Development and Human rights are interconnected and are safeguarded by the Charter of United Nations. So far as the Islamic concept of human rights is concerned Khutba Hajjatul Wada has paramount importance in the history of human rights and sustainable human development and progress. The end of the cold war brings multiple global problems and challenges to international relations and gives birth to new perception regarding human rights in the comity of nations. Religion addresses the matters of human good and especially Islam is the religion of peace and tranquility, which focuses on the success of human beings. In this research work, the researcher has conducted thematic analysis from the existing literature and construed his work with the help of a comprehensive study of all three monotheists religions and their concept of sustainable human development.

National Internationalists: British and West German Protests against Nuclear Weapons, the Politics of Transnational Communications and the Social History of the Cold War, 1957–1964

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER NEHRING
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social History ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

This article examines the politics of communication between British and West German protesters against nuclear weapons in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The interpretation suggested here historicises the assumptions of ‘transnational history’ and shows the nationalist and internationalist dimensions of the protest movements' histories to be inextricably connected. Both movements related their own aims to global and international problems. Yet they continued to observe the world from their individual perspectives: national, regional and local forms thus remained important. By illuminating the interaction between political traditions, social developments and international relations in shaping important political movements within two European societies, this article can provide one element of a new connective social history of the cold war.

scholarly journals International Relations of Medieval Europe in Works of D. I. Kachenovskiy (1827–1872)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article dwells on reaearch and academic activity of D. I. Kachenovskiy at Kharkiv University. His contribution is shown to the study of international relations history at Middle Ages. It is emphasized that we are quite right to call D. I. Kachenovskiy one of most prominent Ukrainian experts in this field, despite his certain idealization of feudal society. Main teaching subjects of D. I. Kachenovskiy were international law and state law of European powers. The basic research work by D. I. Kachenovskiy became his doctoral thesis «On Privateers and Prize Proceedings Relative to Neutral Merchandise» (1855) which became widely known both in Russian Empire and Europe. D. I. Kachenovskiy admitted the appropriateness of privateering, characterized its essence and shared the opinion of well-known French scholar J.-M. Pardessus that charter by Aragon king Alfonso III of 1288 had been the first legislative act relating to privateering. The first period in European privateering history when “naval war was almost indistinguishable from piracy” lasted, by the scholar’s opinion, up to the end of XVI century. His «Course in International Law» was published in 1863, though unfinished, and embraced the antiquity as well as Middle Ages. The concept of international law development in the Middle Ages as proposed by D. I. Kachenovskiy included several basic elements. Those are: admission of the tremendous contribution of Christian Church, Roman Popes and German Emperors in elaboration of this law, influence of public order and national character of German tribes, as well as statement of general détente of mores and international tension in the Middle Ages under the effect of above-cited factors. The scholar emphasized positive influence of knighthood on customs of war and international relations. Medieval international law, history of privateering and trade, social-political and cultural life of Florence and effect of internal factors on its development were the main lines in research of the scientist. Works by D. I. Kachenovskiy exerted the substantial impact not only on students, but on his colleagues as well, and his scientific treatments mostly sustained time exam.

Kernicterus in Rats with an Inherited Deficiency of Glucuronyal Transferase

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Aside from the great theoretic interest, the experiments described in this paper have considerable practical importance in providing a means of studying the efficacy of treatments designed to prevent kernicterus. A comprehensive study of a strain of rats (the Gunn strain) which have a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme required to conjugate bilirubin, and thus develope jaundice due to increased concentration of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood and tissues. The rats developed kernicterus which was apparently identical with that seen in human beings and is the only example of kernicterus in animals that fulfills rigid criteria outlined by the authors. Extensive data on the natural history of the bilirubinemia and development of kernicterus in the rats, as determined by chemical and pathologic techniques, are provided. Bilirubin itself is incriminated as the toxic agent producing the characteristic changes in the brain in kernicterus. Sulfonamides were found to augment the toxic effects of bilirubin, apparently because of competition between bilirubin and sulfonamides for binding sites on serum albumin. Neither infection nor hypoxia appeared to aggravate the effects of bilirubin. Administration of sodium glucuronate to jaundiced rats was followed by a decrease in bilirubin in the serum which at times exceeded 50%. This was not accompanied by any postponement of the onset of signs of damage to the central nervous system and did not prevent development of kernicterus. It appeared that the decrease in bilirubin in the serum may have resulted from an increased transferral to tissues rather than elimination through renal excretion. On the basis of the knowledge of this strain of rats, it should be possible to explore the usefulness of proposed therapeutic regimens in the experimental animal without jeopardizing the course of human infants who might be successfully treated with exchange transfusion pending the discovery of a more satisfactory therapy.

scholarly journals Respecting Human Rights: Does Treaty Ratification Lead to Compliance?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Daniel St. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
State Compliance ◽  
The Cost

Since the nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights, states have created treaties and conventions to outline what is or is not acceptable regarding the treatment of human beings, with the understanding that if a state signs and ratifies these documents then that state will comply with the principles outlined within it.  Time and again however, compliance, or the lack thereof, has presented as a concern amongst many states, as well as non-state actors.  The issue of compliance is a serious one because it speaks to credibility.  If states do not anticipate compliance from one another it undermines the entire international system and any structure that has been created to address the anarchic nature of international relations will dissolve.  In order to make analysis of this massive issue area manageable, I focus on state compliance with human rights law and more specifically, compliance with the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 1989, or C169.  Both Brazil and Argentina have signed and ratified C169 and both are democratic with indigenous populations.  Comparing these two states it allows us to better ascertain the circumstances under which states may comply with or defect from international human rights law.  I provide an overview on what rationalist theories suggest about compliance, followed by constructivist views.  I then outline my position before examining the results of the case study and assessing its’ impact as related to both theory and my arguments.  Ultimately, I find that notwithstanding ratification and well-developed democratic institutions that allow for a strong civil society to participate in politics, there are still circumstances wherein a state will defect from a human rights treaty because the gain of doing so outweighs the cost of non-compliance.

scholarly journals El diseño como herramienta de desarrollo humano sostenible = Design as a tool for sustainable human development

2019 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ángela Pérez Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Development Change ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One

ResumenLa actividad del diseño industrial se desarrolla en un contexto y unas circunstancias, los cuales, concretados en problemas y necesidades, marcan sus objetivos y su dirección de evolución. El diseño es por definición desarrollo, cambio, y por ello puede generar un impacto en la realidad en la que existe. Las personas son las protagonistas del desarrollo, y también del proceso de diseño, que según las metodologías más actuales, como el design thinking y el diseño centrado en el ser humano, debe generarse por y para las personas, como herramienta de respuesta a sus problemas. Esta herramienta de cambio se proponecomo una nueva funcionalidad del diseño. Sus características se definen mediante una comparación de metodologías: de aquella propia de la producción artesanal, y de la propia del diseño industrial proyectual (tradicional y actual), buscando sus similitudes y diferencias, ydesembocando en una integración equilibrada de ambas, que generará un proceso combinado capaz de originar una mejora en situaciones de subdesarrollo.AbstractThe activity of the industrial design is developed in a certain context and circumstances, which may be specified by problems and needs, settling its objectives and direction. Design means by definition development, change, and that is the reason because it can generate an impact in the reality in which it exists. People are the principal subjects of development, and also of the designing process, which according to the modern methodologies like design thinking and human centered design, must be generated by and for human beings, as a tool for solving their problems. This tool for change is proposed as a new usefulness of design.Its characteristics are defined though the comparison of methodologies: the one used by the craftwork production and the one used by planning industrial design (traditional and contemporary), searching for its similarities and differences, and finally leading to a balancedintegration of both of them, that will generate a combined process capable of originate an improvement in underdevelopment situations.

The History of the Covenants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Hertig Randall
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Level

Translating the UDHR into a binding treaty ‘with teeth’ was an acid test for the international community. This chapter places the genesis of the ICESCR and the ICCPR in its political context. It highlights the interlocking challenges of the Cold War and of decolonization and also underscores disagreement among allied nations as well as attempts to ‘export’ the domestic conception of human rights. Three issues central to completing the International Bill of Human Rights are analysed: (1) identification of the rights to be included; (2) States’ obligations to give effect to human rights on the domestic level; and (3) international supervision mechanisms. These issues are closely related to the decision to divide human rights into two Covenants. In tracing the major controversies and decisions reached, light is also cast on the relationship and characteristics of civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights, as understood at the time.

Interface between IPR and Human Rights: A Study with Reference to International Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (09) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Nashat Mahmoud Abdalla Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Variety Protection ◽  
Paris Convention

This research work aims to establish a link between IPR and human rights in the national and international perspectives. Furthermore, lack of implementation of legislations at the national level is one of the greatest setbacks in the history of human rights protection. Basically, the value of human rights is largely tested by it’s implementation. The earlier form of Industrial property underwent transformation after the Paris Convention to be nomenclature as Intellectual property. IPRs, such as patents, plant variety protection, copyrights, and trademarks, are exclusive monopoly rights over a creation that the society provides to the inventor for a period of time. While such monopoly protection obviously restricts the dissemination of knowledge, it is supposed to be counterbalanced by the incentive that it provides to innovate. Intrinsic, natural, interrelated, indivisible, inalienable, basic, instrumental and inherent rights are ought to be protected if required, for maintaining peace in the society. Imperialism, colonialism and inequalities among the states were some reasons of concern for the development of human rights.

From Russian Icaria to Russian Cosmism

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Girenok
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe

In the article the author analyzes the phenomenon of Russian cosmism and shows its difference from other possible varieties of cosmism. The author understands Russian cosmism as the idea of extending the definition of the universe by the human beings. A human being doesn’t simply have his place in history, on the Earth and in space, but also broadens it by means of his material and spiritual actions. The idea of the world broadening was popular among Russian naturalists in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The most prominent figures among the Russian cosmism followers were N.F. Fedorov and K. E. Tsiolkovsky. The author distinguishes three directions in the history of Russian cosmism – religious, natural-scientific and artistic-poetical. According to the author, only after Gagarin’s space flight the idea of Russian Icaria transferred itself into Russian cosmism. The article studies the sources of Russian cosmism and explains the meaning of anthropocosmism. The author arrives at the conclusion that Russian cosmism offers its own approach to solving modern global problems that differs from the ideas in the reports to the Roman club.

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