scholarly journals Assessment of Occupational Dust and Silica Exposure in Indian Stone Mining and Crushing Unit- A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-669
Author(s):  
Anand Deshmukh ◽  
Nikhil Pradip ◽  
Sarang Dhatrak ◽  
Subroto Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Stone crushing industry plays a vital role in the economy and urban development of fast developing countries like India. Stone mines and crushers in India are located around major cities and roughly employ around 5,00,000 peoples throughout the country. However this employment generating industry also happens to be one of the most dust generating activity and also a precursor to the respiratory disease, silicosis. This study was undertaken with an objective to estimate the personal exposure of the workers to silica laden dust in this industry sector. Personal dust sampling (n=11) and (n=6) was carried out in stone crushing and stone mining (quarry)areas respectively over a period of three consecutive days in selected units in a suburban area of Nalgonda district of Telangana state in India. The respirable dust exposure and free silica content was then estimated. It was observed that three (3) samples of crusher helper from the Crushing Unit had exposures exceeding the Permissible Limit Value (PLV) of Indian Factories Act1948. Two (2) Heavy Earth Moving Machineries (HEMM) operators from stone mining area were observed to have exceeded the Permissible Maximum Exposure Limit (PMEL) prescribed by the Indian Mines Act 1952 and subsequent rules their under. The remaining samples of HEMM operators from mining area and of the crusher helper from the crusher plant were observed to be within the prescribed limits of respective guidelines prescribed by the Indian statutory agencies. Two different acts were considered, because of the fact that stone mining is regulated by the Indian mining act and under the overall control of Directorate of Mines and Safety (DGMS), Government of India. On the other hand Crusher plant comes under the ambit of Model Factory Rule 120 under section 87 of Indian Factories Act 1948 under the overall control of Directorate General Factory Service and Labour Institute (DGFASLI) Government of India. Post the study it could be concluded that, stone crushers are dustier as compared to stone mining area. Workers in stone mining and crushing units of study area are indeed exposed to high levels of respirable and silica laden dust. It was observed that safety and precautionary measures towards dust and silica exposure are not implemented necessitating to be taken by unit operators.

scholarly journals Artificial Stone Associated Silicosis: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Rosaria Romano ◽  
Paola Gervetti ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Silica Exposure ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Artificial Stone ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Disease

Silicosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that is caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica. Due to its high silica content, artificial stone (AS) can become a possible source of hazardous dust exposure for workers that are employed in the manufacturing, finishing, and installing of AS countertops. Therefore, the aim of this review was to verify the association between AS derived silica exposure and silicosis development, and also then define the pathological characteristics of the disease in relation to specific work practices and preventive and protective measures that were adopted in the workplace. A systematic review of articles available on Pubmed, Scopus, and Isi Web of Knowledge databases was performed. Although the characteristics of AS-associated silicosis were comparable to those that were reported for the disease in traditional silica exposure settings, some critical issues emerged concerning the general lack of suitable strategies for assessing/managing silica risks in these innovative occupational fields. Further research that is designed to assess the hazardous properties of AS dusts, levels of exposure in workplaces, and the effectiveness of protective equipment appears to be needed to increase awareness concerning AS risks and induce employers, employees, and all factory figures that are engaged in prevention to take action to define/adopt proper measures to protect the health of exposed workers.

Chronic Inhalation Study Findings as a Basis for Proposing a New Occupational Dust Exposure Limit

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Morrow ◽  
H. Muhle ◽  
R. Mermelstein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Occupational Dust Exposure ◽  
Occupational Standards

This article briefly reviews the history of the current threshold limit value and the permissible exposure limit for occupational dusts derived originally from the Nuisance Dust standard. Chronic inhalation studies of appropriate design are described in terms of their key findings and potential impact on the dust standards, especially modern, experimental studies which have been affected by the problem of dust overloading. Many studies show that dust overloading produces a significant and progressive retardation of macrophage-mediated dust removal leading to various dysfunctional and pathologic changes which confound the interpretation of chronic toxicity study findings. Assuming that there may be a human counterpart to this condition at the same milligram dust per gram lung concentration, extrapolation modeling can be used to show that the current occupational dust limits do not protect worker lungs from this eventuality. Several bases for substantially reducing the current occupational standards are discussed.

scholarly journals Real-Time Ozone Sensor Based on Selective Oxidation of Methylene Blue in Mesoporous Silica Films

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Ghazaly ◽  
Marc Hébrant ◽  
Eddy Langlois ◽  
Blandine Castel ◽  
Marianne Guillemot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
The Usa

Sensitive and selective personal exposure monitors are needed to assess ozone (O3) concentrations in the workplace atmosphere in real time for the analysis and prevention of health risks. Here, a cumulative gas sensor using visible spectroscopy for real-time O3 determination is described. The sensing chip is a mesoporous silica thin film deposited on transparent glass and impregnated with methylene blue (MB). The sensor is reproducible, stable for at least 50 days, sensitive to 10 ppb O3 (one-tenth of the occupational exposure limit value in France, Swiss, Canada, U.K., Japan, and the USA) with a measurement range tested up to 500 ppb, and insensitive to NO2 and to large variation in relative humidity. A model and its derivative as a function of time are proposed to convert in real time the sensor response to concentrations, and an excellent correlation was obtained between those data and reference O3 concentrations. This sensor is based on a relatively cheap sensing material and a robust detection system, and its analytical performance makes it suitable for monitoring real-time O3 concentrations in workplaces to promote a safer environment for workers.

Preparation of Raspberry-Like Polymer/Silica Composite Particles through Cationic Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1408-1411
Author(s):  
Xin Fan ◽  
Qiu Ju Qin ◽  
Xiu Fang Wen ◽  
Jiang Cheng ◽  
Zhuo Ru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Electrostatic Attraction ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Silica Composite ◽  
Soap Free Emulsion Polymerization

In this paper raspberry-like composite particles were prepared via cationic soap-free emulsion polymerization with silica sol as stabilizer and 2-(methacryloyl) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTC) as cationic auxiliary monomer. According to the TGA and TEM results we could find that the electrostatic attraction supplied by MTC played a vital role in the adsorption of silica particles as well as the generation of raspberry-like morphology. The silica content and appearance of composite particles were found to be improved with the increasing amount of silica sol and MTC while varied little with changes of AIBA amount.

Gefahrstoffe am Arbeitsplatz – Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert, Immissionsgrenzwert oder Innenraumrichtwert?/Hazardous substances at workplace – Occupational exposure limit, immission limit value or indoor air guide value?

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
R. Hebisch ◽  
T. Kuhlbusch ◽  
K. Bux ◽  
D. Breuer ◽  
T. Lahrz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Occupational Exposure Limit ◽  
Guide Value ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit

Die Beurteilung der Konzentrationen von Gefahrstoffen in der Luft kann anhand verschiedener Beurteilungsmaßstäbe erfolgen. Einerseits ist dafür ausschlaggebend, ob Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen oder ohne Gefahrstoffe ausgeführt werden. Andererseits ist auch immer zu berücksichtigen, ob die Tätigkeiten im Freien, in teilweise geschlossenen oder geschlossenen Arbeitsbereichen erfolgen. Es werden einzelne Szenarien näher betrachtet und die Expositionsbeurteilung wird anhand von Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerten, Immissionsgrenzwerten und Innenraumrichtwerten dargestellt. Dabei wird insbesondere auf solche Situationen eingegangen, die sich nicht eindeutig voneinander abgrenzen lassen.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration Analysis of Baby Hammock

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Ying Hao Ko ◽  
Chia Sin Geh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Action Value ◽  
Iso 2631

Studies have been carried on the effect of rocking on a baby and concluded that baby sleeps easier while being rocked. In Malaysia, as in many Southeast Asian Countries, it is common to put babies to sleep in a baby hammock. the vertical rocking motion generated by baby hammock has exposed babies to whole-body vibration (WBV). It has been shown by ISO2631 (1997) that WBV may lead the discomfort and adverse effect on health. Standards have been set by ISO 2631 (1997) concerning the WBV for people in a recumbent position and consider weighted vibrations of more than 2 m/s2 to be extremely uncomfortable. However, standards concerning the allowable amount vibrations a baby in a baby hammock can safety endure are currently lacking. WBV analysis of the baby hammock with the weight ranged from 3kg to 14kg is conducted. For each measurement, four conditions are considered: manual rocking, auto rocking with low, medium and high speed. In this study, average root-mean-square values for the acceleration were found to be at a maximum of 2.46 m/s2, and to be above the extremely uncomfortable level. This study develops a baseline exposure time for the baby hammock before it reaches the safety values of exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit value (ELV) set by ISO 2631(1997).

scholarly journals GIS Approach for Novel Corona Virus in Northern State of India Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad suhail meer ◽  
Anoop Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
High Population ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Novel Corona Virus “COVID 19” has affected worldwide. At initial stage the way out to curb the deadly virus was lockdown, isolating the symptomatic people, quarantining travellers and educate the people about the Corona virus so that precautionary measures are followed by people. local admistration has played vital role for highlighting the red zone areas and restricted the entry for people from outside to red zone areas in order to stop the infection from human to human transmission. The present research focus on application of Geographic Information System on mapping the Corona Virus cases in Jammu and Kashmir .The research attributes the role of dense Population and Urbanization are responsible for increasing the corona virus cases in the area. The districts like Srinagar and Jammu with high population and urbanization (census 2011) attributes high number of Corona cases in year 2020.The research experience that the Srinagar and Jammu attributes high population of 1236830 and 1529958 respectively than other districts of Jammu and Kashmir. This high population experiences highest number of Corona cases(Jammu 23339,Srinagar 24996), Deaths(Jammu 350,Srinagar 444) and COVID-19 recoveries(Jammu 22141,Srinagar 23957). The highly urbanised and populated area exposes the area towards infection. The high number of Corona Case experience heart related issues. The number of heart attacks in the state Jammu and Kashmir is rising which is alarming issue. This study will serve as replica study for managing COVID-19 in Jammu and Kashmir. The remote sensing and GIS was used to map the infected area and will be used for the future study in order to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on life.

Silicosis and Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Azok
Keyword(s):  
Coal Dust ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Diseases ◽  
Coal Workers

Silicosis and coal-workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) are fibrotic lung diseases secondary to the inhalation of free silica and coal dust. Exposure is typically occupational and occurs over many years before symptoms develop. Cough and shortness of breath are the most common presenting symptoms. Imaging features of silicosis and CWP are similar and often indistinguishable. Both silicosis and CWP result in upper lobe predominant disease. Pulmonary nodules are the most common imaging feature which may coalesce into progressive massive fibrosis. Lymphadenopathy and emphysema are additional findings seen in patients with silicosis and CWP. Silicosis has a higher incidence of tuberculosis and both pneumoconioses have a higher incidence of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Health Risk Level of Hand-Arm and Whole-Body Vibrations on the Technical Operators and Equipment in a Tobacco-Producing Company in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Adewale Orelaja ◽  
Xingsong Wang ◽  
Dauda Sh. Ibrahim ◽  
Umer Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Secondary Manufacturing ◽  
Iso 2631

Vibration is experienced when a body is subjected to either internal or external forces which cause oscillation, with most operators of industrial equipment often exposed to high dosage, higher than the stipulated values. In this research, Digital Real-Time Frequency Analyzer (RSA 5106A) was used, while the results obtained were evaluated and compared with the health guidelines of the ISO 2631-1 : 1997 and ISO 2631-5 : 2004 standards, as described in the Health Guidance Caution Zone for a daily exposure action value (EAV) of 0.47 m/s2 and a daily exposure limit value (ELV) of 0.93 m/s. High acceleration was mostly seen on the z-axis in all the results obtained, whereas many were not within the HGCZ (Arms <0.47, and >0.93 m/s2). Comparing (VDV <8.5 m/s1.75 and >17 m/s1.75) with the ISO standard, the accelerations on all x- and y-axes were slightly within the HGCZ, with just a little below 0.47 m/s2 limit. The results obtained clearly showed that urgent action is needed virtually on all the equipment in both the Secondary Manufacturing Department (SMD) and Primary Manufacturing Department (PMD) to minimize vibration exposure on the technical operators.

Silicosis in rhinestone-manufacturing workers in South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wen ◽  
X Wen ◽  
R Li ◽  
S Su ◽  
H Xu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Silicosis is caused by long-term exposure to silica dust. Crystal rhinestone workers can be exposed to high levels of silica dust and are at risk of silicosis. Aims To explore silicosis cases, silica dust exposure and control measures in a rhinestone factory in South China. Methods We extracted and analysed data on new silicosis cases reported to China’s occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system between 2006 and 2012 from a rhinestone factory in South China. We measured the quartz content of bulk dust, static total and respirable dust samples. Results Ninety-eight silicosis cases were reported between 2006 and 2012. The mean duration of silica dust exposure was 9.2 years (range 3–16). Drilling and polishing workers accounted for 96 (98%) of cases. We collected 1479 static samples including 690 total dust and 789 respirable dust samples. Mean dust levels for drilling were 1.01 mg/m3 (range 0.20–3.80) for total dust and 0.51 mg/m3 (range 0.04–1.70) for respirable dust. Mean dust levels for polishing were 0.59 mg/m3 (range 0.20–2.10) for total dust and 0.28 mg/m3 (range 0.08–0.71) for respirable dust. Over a third [289/789 (37%)] of total dust samples and 129/690 (19%) respirable dust samples exceeded the national permissible exposure limit. Conclusion Exposure to silica dust, ineffective dust control measures and inefficient health surveillance may have contributed to the incidence of silicosis in the factory we studied. Identification of silica dust exposure and effective dust control measures would reduce the risk of silicosis in rhinestone workers.

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