Mycoplasma bovis, thoughts on diseases, treatments, control and prevention

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Colin Mason
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
On Farm

Clinical disease associated with Mycoplasma bovis is been seen more commonly on farm in recent years. This short summary highlights some of the key points to consider for managing and preventing cases on farm.

Land Reform: A Foundation for Industrial Growth in Developing Countries?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Anne Margrethe Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Agricultural Surplus ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In this paper I examine whether or not land reform can contribute to growth in the agricultural surplus of developing countries. There are two possible channels where we might expect an effect: the first is agricultural productivity and the second is “on farm consumption”. I start with an introduction to the theories on the relationship between agrarian structure and farm productivity. The theoretical literature on the effects of land reform on productivity is inconclusive. Therefore, I perform an empirical test on the relationship. I find that land reform is at least not detrimental to productivity. Next I provide a short summary of the literature on the relationship between land reform and “on farm consumption”. This literature is more conclusive. My conclusion suggests that land reform can have a positive effect on agricultural surplus (and thereby on industrialization) through both growth and redistribution.

scholarly journals Promoting Students' Soft Skills in a Telecommunication Engineering Course with an Elevator Pitch Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Miguel Ferrando-Rocher ◽  
Stephan Marini
Keyword(s):  
Soft Skills ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Service Organization ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Technical Students ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Process Product

An elevator pitch is a short summary used to quickly and simply define a process, product, service, organization, or event and its value proposition. The name comes from the idea that it should be possible to deliver the sum-mary within the time span of an elevator ride, so anywhere between 30 sec-onds and 2 minutes, which means the key points need to get across quickly. In this particular educational context, technical students have been encour-aged to defend, under the typical rules of the elevator pitch, the knowledge acquired during the semester in a specific subject. This contribution focuses on the classroom experience and how the transversality of the activity can help students to strive and think in a different way than they are used to in the classroom of a technical career.

scholarly journals The Current Status of the Alternative Use to Antibiotics in Poultry Production: An African Perspective

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letlhogonolo Andrew Selaledi ◽  
Zahra Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Tlou Grace Manyelo ◽  
Monnye Mabelebele
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm Biosecurity

Over the years the growth and health of food-producing animals have been enhanced by the use of antibiotics. These have helped reduce on-farm mortalities, lower incidences of diseases and more importantly improve productivity. Generally, the utilization of antibiotics in feed has been reevaluated since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. Multiple countries have introduced bans or severe restrictions on the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics. This has therefore warranted the urgent need for alternatives. Africa is facing its own challenges as it has been reported to be one of the continents with the highest number of foodborne diseases with approximately 91 million related diseases and 137,000 death per annum. Stakeholder and policy direction has been put in place to curb this escalation; however, the problem persists. The use of alternatives has been recommended and some successfully used in other countries as well as Africa, including pro- and prebiotics and phytochemicals. This then leads to the core aim of this review which is to (1) determine the extent to which antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have affected Africa, (2) assess the current measures put in place by Africa to reduces antimicrobial resistance and finally (3) explore the alternative use of antibiotics in poultry production. Improved sanitary conditions and farm biosecurity are important alternatives that could be adopted by farmers instead of depending on antibiotic drugs for disease control and prevention.

scholarly journals High quality genome assemblies of Mycoplasma bovis using a taxon-specific Bonito basecaller for MinION and Flongle long-read nanopore sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Vereecke ◽  
Jade Bokma ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Hans Nauwynck ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract Background Implementation of Third-Generation Sequencing approaches for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) all-in-one diagnostics in human and veterinary medicine, requires the rapid and accurate generation of consensus genomes. Over the last years, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) released various new devices (e.g. the Flongle R9.4.1 flow cell) and bioinformatics tools (e.g. the in 2019-released Bonito basecaller), allowing cheap and user-friendly cost-efficient introduction in various NGS workflows. While single read, overall consensus accuracies, and completeness of genome sequences has been improved dramatically, further improvements are required when working with non-frequently sequenced organisms like Mycoplasma bovis. As an important primary respiratory pathogen in cattle, rapid M. bovis diagnostics is crucial to allow timely and targeted disease control and prevention. Current complete diagnostics (including identification, strain typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection) require combined culture-based and molecular approaches, of which the first can take 1–2 weeks. At present, cheap and quick long read all-in-one WGS approaches can only be implemented if increased accuracies and genome completeness can be obtained. Results Here, a taxon-specific custom-trained Bonito v.0.1.3 basecalling model (custom-pg45) was implemented in various WGS assembly bioinformatics pipelines. Using MinION sequencing data, we showed improved consensus accuracies up to Q45.2 and Q46.7 for reference-based and Canu de novo assembled M. bovis genomes, respectively. Furthermore, the custom-pg45 model resulted in mean consensus accuracies of Q45.0 and genome completeness of 94.6% for nine M. bovis field strains. Improvements were also observed for the single-use Flongle sequencer (mean Q36.0 accuracies and 80.3% genome completeness). Conclusions These results implicate that taxon-specific basecalling of MinION and single-use Flongle Nanopore long reads are of great value to be implemented in rapid all-in-one WGS tools as evidenced for Mycoplasma bovis as an example.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Welfare of Extensively Managed Autochtonous Sheep Breed Vlasicka Zackel using Animal-Based Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Nenadović Katarina ◽  
Karać Petar ◽  
Vučinić Marijana ◽  
Teodorović Radislava ◽  
Živanov Dragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Ocular Discharge

AbstractIn the Balkan region, the state of sheep welfare is little known. In this context, the assessment of sheep welfare is important for the identification of health and behavioral problems that affect these animals, along with the deficiencies present in the environment. The study was conducted during the winter season on a farm of 220 autochthonous breed Vlašićka Zackel sheep reared in extensive systems on the mountain regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 65 ewes, aged 2–4 years, were observed. The welfare assessment was performed according to the AWIN protocol for sheep. The authors found the following issues: dry ewes were significantly fat (p<0.001) in regard to pregnant and lactation ewes; 42.11% of pregnant ewes were thin while 31.25% of dry ewes were fat; most of the assessed animals (78.46%) had dry or damp, slightly soiled fleece; 32.31% of animals had lesions on face/muzzle while ocular discharge, respiratory problems, mild mastitis and minor lameness were present in 16.92%, 4.62%, 15.38% and 7.69% sheep, respectively. All animals showed a negative relationship with humans. Using this methodology, the welfare problems in animals may be detected, and thus certain segments in the production cycle may be improved. The on-farm welfare assessment is highly recommended for emphasizing the key points in improving sheep welfare in Balkan countries.

scholarly journals Colibacillosis in poultry: A disease overview and the new perspectives for its control and prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2425
Author(s):  
D. KOUTSIANOS ◽  
L. ATHANASIOU ◽  
D. MOSSIALOS ◽  
K. C. KOUTOULIS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a common bacterium that can be naturally found in the intestinal tract of birds and as a result in their environment. However, it can cause clinical disease called colibacillosis which is regarded as one of the most common and important diseases in poultry. Strains of E.coli that have the ability to cause clinical disease are described as Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (APEC). Colibacillosis can affect birds of all ages and different types of poultry production including broiler and commercial layers and breeders. The ability of E.coli to cause colibacillosis is not always the same; that is why its role as primary or secondary pathogen triggered by various predisposing factors is contradictory and differs from case to case. Antibiotics have been used as the main tool against colibacillosis for many decades. However, the emergence of increased antibiotic resistance has posed the need of alternative treatment to colibacillosis as well as emphasizing on preventive measures to avoid disease. Τhe scope of this article is to assess recent scientific literature data on avian colibacillosis emphasizing on disease characteristics and recent data on prevention and control of the disease.

Management and Nutrition of Neonates during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Existing Guidelines and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 02) ◽  
pp. S46-S53
Author(s):  
Giulia Genoni ◽  
Alessandra Conio ◽  
Marco Binotti ◽  
Paolo Manzoni ◽  
Matteo Castagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Guidelines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Case Basis

Objective We aimed at reviewing the currently available guidelines and scientific recommendations regarding the neonatal in-hospital management and feeding in the light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Study Design We systematically searched the guideline databases, Medline, Embase, and nationale/international neonatal societies websites as of June 19, 2020, for guidelines on neonatal management and feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, at the same time assessing the methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. Results Eleven guidelines were included. The Chinese and American recommendations suggest separation of the mother and her neonate, whereas in French, Italian, UK, Canadian, and World Health Organization consensus documents the rooming-in is suggested, with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines suggesting to decide on a case-by-case basis. All the guidelines recommend breastfeeding or feeding with expressed maternal milk; the only exception is the Chinese recommendations, these last suggesting to avoid breastfeeding. Conclusion This review may provide a useful tool for clinicians and organizers, highlighting differences and similarities of the existing guidelines on the management and feeding strategies in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key Points

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis of hemochromatosis subtypes reveals variations in severity of iron overload and clinical disease

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Sandhu ◽  
Kaledas Flintoff ◽  
Mark D. Chatfield ◽  
Jeannette L. Dixon ◽  
Louise E. Ramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Subtypes ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

Key PointsThis comprehensive comparison of the genetic subtypes of hemochromatosis reveals more severe iron overload and disease in non-HFE forms. Arthropathy is more common in HFE-related hemochromatosis, suggesting that joint disease may not be associated with iron.

scholarly journals MLL leukemia induction by genome editing of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (14) ◽  
pp. 1683-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Buechele ◽  
Erin H. Breese ◽  
Dominik Schneidawind ◽  
Chiou-Hong Lin ◽  
Johan Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Key Points

Key Points Genome editing of primary human HSPCs generates MLL leukemias that model clinical disease features and molecular pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Systems analysis uncovers inflammatory Th/Tc17-driven modules during acute GVHD in monkey and human T cells

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (21) ◽  
pp. 2568-2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. Furlan ◽  
Benjamin Watkins ◽  
Victor Tkachev ◽  
Sarah Cooley ◽  
Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Key Points

Key PointsThe transcriptional networks controlling breakthrough acute GVHD can be mapped, and correlate closely with clinical disease. Breakthrough acute GVHD is transcriptionally controlled by T-cell persistence, inflammation, and Th/Tc17 skewing.

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