Back to Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Heber Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Conservation Politics

This chapter demonstrates how conservationists pursued their central goal—a material balance and psychic renewal with a nature they thought endangered—in private lives as well as public actions. In a time when the built world had grown so complicated and consuming as to alienate many from the natural world, conservationists sought a “return to nature” in outdoor recreation, the study of nature in schools, literature, and domestic architecture. Conservation was as much about cultural change as it was an economic doctrine or a set of policies. Like conservation politics, conservation culture was aimed at escaping the artificiality and destructiveness of industrial life. By returning to nature, conservationists hoped that Americans would revitalize themselves and deepen their appreciation of the environment.

“So that Every Subject Knows How to Behave”: Social Disciplining in Early Modern Bohemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
Political Economic

“Social disciplining” is the name that has been given to attempts by the authorities throughout early modern Europe to regulate people's private lives.1 In explicit contrast to “social control,” the informal mechanisms by which people have always sought to put pressure on one another in traditional societies, “social disciplining” was a set of formal, legislative strategies through which the emerging early modern state sought to “civilize” and “rationalize” its subjects' behavior in order to facilitate well-ordered government and a capitalist modernization of the economy.2 Whether viewed favorably as an essential stage in a beneficent “civilizing process” or more critically as an arbitrary coercion of popular culture in the interests of elites, social disciplining is increasingly regarded as central to most aspects of political, economic, religious, social, and cultural change in Europe between the medieval and the modern periods.3

The Ecotourist Question

Wild Capital ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 38-67
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Added Value ◽  
A Value

The ecosystem services model as a valuation tool for cultural capital relies on human well-being as the metric for assigning nature a value that makes sense in a world full of competing choices. If the entire added value of a forest that includes wildlife habitat, recreation, and carbon sequestration is calculated, its continued existence as an intact forest ecosystem can more effectively compete against alternative uses that could either destroy the forest or diminish its services to us. Without a measurable value determined through marginal cost-benefit analysis and the consumer’s willingness to pay, however, the forest ecosystem would be assigned a dollar value of zero, making development the easy default choice. Since outdoor recreation in nature contributes to our well-being, it becomes one of the tools we can use to assign nature value. Responsible travel as ecotourists involves taking visitors into natural areas to educate them about a region’s natural and cultural heritage, as well as to sustain the well-being of local people. Ecotourism can change our relationship with the natural world, as well as teach us how to be better tourists.

Conclusion

Wild Capital ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Service ◽  
Wildlife Viewing

The ecosystem services model plays a critical role in explaining how natural resources can be turned into wild or natural capital. The logic of economics relies on weighing the measurable values of competing choices when making decisions. Through that process, if we value the functions and products of ecosystems that benefit humans or yield welfare to society, we become better stewards of the natural world. For this book’s purposes, ecotourism as a cultural service clearly demonstrates how consumers of outdoor recreation see value in activities like wildlife viewing or hiking in nature. For wild nature to persist, however, it must be part of a larger system that is bound not only by biological ties, but by economic and cultural incentives as well. Since the boundaries that determine human and wild nature’s space are rather fluid and rarely entirely isolated from the other, using ecotourism to help assign nature value is logical. By offering individuals the opportunity to see nature through a variety of lenses, nature can be protected and preserved in different degrees. If nature and wildlife remain outside our human experience, however, inspiring the love and concern necessary for its survival becomes more and more difficult.

scholarly journals Continued longitudinal analysis of avid outdoor recreationists during the COVID-19 pandemic and sensitivities to new outdoor recreationists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Rice ◽  
Tim Mateer ◽  
B. Derrick Taff ◽  
Ben Lawhon ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural World ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Montana ◽  
Leave No Trace ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
One Year

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered outdoor recreation behaviors in the United States for over one year. In an effort to continue gathering timely and relevant data on national outdoor recreation patterns, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics and its academic partners, Pennsylvania State University and the University of Montana, conducted a four-phase study to offer guidance to land managers, recreation providers, and outdoor enthusiasts across the United States. This report details findings from Phase 4, occurring one year into the pandemic. By comparing survey results from April 2020 (Phase 1) and April 2021 (Phase 4), we provide a longitudinal perspective of how avid outdoor recreationists’ reported behaviors and perspectives are evolving with the ever-changing pandemic. Phases 1, 2, and 3 of this assessment were detailed by previous reports1. In addition to examining differences between April 2020 (Phase 1) and April 2021 (Phase 4), this report details how avid outdoor recreationists have been impacted by and reacted to influxes of new outdoor recreationists during the pandemic. This report is intended to provide valuable information for managing changing recreation use of public lands and offer insight for land managers as they work to protect the natural world.

Paleoenvironmental Science: Methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Macro Scale

Understanding paleoclimates has been an important component of archaeological research for over a century. Human settlement, mobility, and subsistence activities are predicated on interactions with the natural world, and by reconstructing the broader environmental context, archaeologists can recognize the primary external catalyst of cultural change. Modern paleoenvironmental reconstruction methods employ techniques developed over the last century as well as those that are at the frontiers of scientific inquiry. Archaeologists intent on providing basic environmental context must first describe the sedimentology of surficial deposits in order to understand landform evolution. Furthermore, descriptions of soils, which form in stable, weathered sedimentary deposits, are critical indicators of past climate. Soils are first described in excavation test units using macro-scale classification schemes, but increasingly microscopic techniques such as soil micromorphology in thin sections and DNA sequences of endemic microbiota are being used. Various types of plant and animal communities hosted in archaeological deposits also provide critical environmental details as they are often temperature and precipitation dependent. Generally speaking, the simpler and smaller the organism is, the more restricted its habitat tends to be. Therefore, microfauna and floral remains often provide the greatest level of precision in environmental reconstruction. Finally, light stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen can be assayed from a wide variety of organic matter, and they provide specific information about biotic communities and precipitation that are useful to understand paleoenvironments. The simultaneous integration of multiple lines of evidence is being performed in archaeological research projects across the African continent and provides the best means to fully comprehend the framework in which human biological and cultural evolution occurred.

These Boardwalks Were Made for Bushwalking: Disentangling Grounds, Surfaces, and Walking Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Vannini ◽  
April Vannini
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Affective Experience ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Conservation Politics ◽  
World Heritage Area ◽  
Mountain Part ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heritage Area

What matter is walking ground made of? And how does such ground matter? What is the relationship between walking surfaces and people’s experience of natural landscapes? And how do different ground surfaces enact different meshworks of conservation politics, mobility, and tourism infrastructure? Drawing from nonrepresentational theory and from audiovisual fieldwork conducted in and around Australia’s Cradle Mountain, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, this article and its accompanying video focus on the materials of walking trails to understand the relations among walking, the built environment, and the sensory and affective experience of place. Arguing that trails and trail surfaces—and boardwalks in particular—serve as influential material conduits for variously contested outdoor recreation mobilities, this article develops the argument that pathways are elements in the world’s transformation of itself.

scholarly journals The Ethos of ‘the Queenslander’: A Journey into the Art of Building in North Queensland

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Materials Design ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Living History ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Environment ◽  
Technology Attitudes ◽  
Design Skills

In 1753 the Jesuit priest Marc-Antonie Laugier’s published Essai sur l’architecture (Essays on Architecture) a small philosophical text where he introduced the fundamentals of authentic architecture. Laugier recognised the gap between that which the natural world provides and the additional needs and features we must embrace to produce usable shelter. The general principles of architecture can be understood through the story of the ‘rustic hut’, suggesting that from our primal needs we have developed systems to create buildings. Our buildings are significant as they show an authentic account of who we are, how we see ourselves and how others see us. Buildings take the form of the clothes we wrap our families, pets and possessions within; they speak of culture, environment, history, struggles, triumphs and tragedies. Our domestic architecture in North Queensland is a living history of our relationships to materials, design, skills, technology, attitudes to houses and homes, rules and regulations, development, aesthetics, marketing and innovation.

Texts, Architecture and Ethnographic Analogy: Patterns of Residence in Old Babylonian Nippur

Iraq ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Old Babylonian ◽  
One Step

The student of ancient Mesopotamian society is blessed not only in having access to written evidence, but in having that evidence frequently preserved in significant archaeological context. Although all artifacts both derive meaning from their context and aid in the interpretation of this context, none can equal the cuneiform tablet in informative power. Only partial understanding is possible from a study of the texts and the other archaeological data when the two are divorced; as the texts reveal the actions of the ancient structures' inhabitants, so the archaeological remains represent the physical manifestation of these recorded actions. In the following pages we will take advantage of this unique blessing and attempt an examination of Old Babylonian residence patterns as they are reflected in house property transactions and their accompanying architectural modifications.Although Mesopotamian archaeologists spend much of their time clearing buildings, determining construction techniques and identifying architectural modifications, relatively little attention has been paid to the social and cultural implications of these structures. Domestic architecture reflects the social needs of its inhabitants and as such is a sensitive indicator not only of variations in wealth but of variations in social organization. Since real cultural change is manifested by changes in social, economic and political organization, and not necessarily by stylistic changes in artifacts, we must use all of the tools at our disposal, in this instance textual and ethnographic, to penetrate the implications of architectural remains. It is hoped that this study may move us one step closer to this goal.

Reimbursement and Telepractice

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Carol Dudding
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Delivery Models

Whether in our professional or private lives, we are all aware of the system wide efforts to provide quality healthcare services while containing the costs. Telemedicine as a method of service delivery has expanded as a result of changes in reimbursement and service delivery models. The growth and sustainability of telehealth within speech-language pathology and audiology, like any other service, depends on the ability to be reimbursed for services provided. Currently, reimbursement for services delivered via telehealth is variable and depends on numerous factors. An understanding of these factors and a willingness to advocate for increased reimbursement can bolster the success of practitioners interested in the telehealth as a service delivery method.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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