Concluding Thoughts, Final Words, and Big Pictures

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-300
Author(s):  
Jonah Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
The Third ◽  
Running Away

This concluding chapter raises three foundational questions to explore what is at stake, intellectually and fundamentally, in the patterns that can be discerned in children's departures across India. The first deals reflexively with the book's project itself, asking: what are the ethnographic ethics of researching, depicting, and describing runaways' suffering for academic or artistic ends, and what are the entailments of speaking for someone else, particularly a vulnerable, nearly powerless subject? The second question asks whether running away might represent a form of resistance, and if so how, and to what power. The third question situates running away in the context of world history, world history theory, and architectures of global capital and labor. These questions help frame, define, synthesize, and sediment the book's wider relevance at its end, at the point where the reader can properly take stock of the story from a rich range of angles.

The Axial Age, Axiality, and the Missionary Enterprise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
David Lindenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
World History ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Brain Culture

This article reviews recent literature on the Axial Age as a phase of world history and seeks to illuminate the role of Christian missionaries as part of this broad perspective. Introduced by Karl Jaspers in 1949, the concept has attracted attention from scholars interested in human development. The cognitive psychologist Merlin Donald views it as the third stage of “brain-culture co-evolution,” which draws on the external memory storage that literacy provides. I argue that missionaries have been central agents in conveying such stored knowledge to non-axial cultures.

Empire—A World History

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-88
Author(s):  
Peter Fibiger Bang
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
World History ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
Four Discourses

This chapter attempts a synthesis of the imperial experience in world history. Setting out from an in-depth comparison of two incidents, one from the US occupation of Iraq, the other from the Jewish uprising against Nero (66–70 CE), cooperation with local elites is identified as the key to imperial government. The chapter proceeds to discuss current definitions of empire, followed by a wide-ranging survey of modern theories of empire. Most of these can be grouped within four discourses that originate in societal debates from the early 1900s: about monopoly, capitalism and empire; about empire as predatory networks of aristocratic elites; about empire and national identity; and about geopolitics and the balance of power. These four theoretical discourses provide the four dimensions of an analytical matrix that, finally, structure an attempt at synthesizing the imperial experience in world history, from the third millennium BCE Levantine Bronze Age until the present.

The Third British Empire: Transplanting the English Shire to Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and America

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron C. Noonkester
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
World History ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simple Matter ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Modern Nation State ◽  
As If

During their hegemony in world affairs, the English exported persons, commodities, and texts to regions that they absorbed into a widening pale of influence. Discussion of these ventures has consumed a vast literature. What once seemed to be a simple matter of transporting Protestantism (or convicts) into an overseas wilderness or making distant lands safe for English farming and trade now seems a matter too complex to be captured in a metaphor or an alliterative catchphrase. Yet it remains a matter of historical fascination that a relatively small archipelago off the coast of Europe not only could become the first “modern” nation-state but could then transform itself into a vast global empire, ultimately making it seem as if the affairs of this proverbial workshop encompassed world history itself. For many years, such success seemed too evident for investigation, and scholarly attention turned toward explaining how this achievement unraveled or declined. The result has been a quest for detailed precision and microhistorical reconstruction on the part of those who have adopted an “empirical,” geopolitical approach to imperialism and an outpouring of criticism from those who, on the opposite end of the ideological spectrum, have penned polemical classics whose evocative, if not evidentiary, power envisioned revolution as historical destiny and a means of filling the intellectual and political void left by imperial evacuation. Their disagreements notwithstanding, however, both categories of imperial commentary display relative innocence of the paradox that imperial power represented: that, despite voluble criticism, it enjoyed eclipsing success for a time and produced effects whose mysteries continue to survive postcolonial deconstruction.

scholarly journals Notes towards an anthropology of the internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hart
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

What might an anthropology of the internet look like? It require a combination of introspection, personal judgment and world history to explore the universe of cyberspace. This world is not sufficient to itself, nor is it 'the world'. People bring their offline circumstances to behaviour online. The virtual and the real constitute a dialectic in which neither can be reduced to the other and 'virtual reality' is their temporary synthesis. Heidegger's metaphysics are drawn on to illuminate this dialectic. Before this, the internet is examines in the light of the history of communications, from speech and writing to books and the radio. The digital revolution of our time is marked by the convergence of telephones, television and computing. It is the third stage in a machine revolution lasting just 200 years. The paper analyses the political economy of the internet in terms of the original three classes controlling respectively increase in the environment (land), money (capital) and human creativity (labour). It ends with a consideration of Kant's great example for a future anthropology capable of placing human subjectivity in world history.

Quelques problèmes théologiques discutés par Gilles d'Orléans et la censure de 1277

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Kuksewicz
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Third ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
A Chain

Abstract Giles of Orleans' philosophy evolved from an orthodox Christian interpretation of Aristotle to an Averroism; and his successive commentaries testify to this evolution: De generatione version I, De generatione version II, Physics version I and Physics version II. The first work presents orthodox Christian solutions, the second and the third testify to some Averroistic influences and the last is a clearly Averroistic commentary. Giles did not obey the regulation of 1272 which forbade the masters of the facilitas artium to discuss theological problems. De generatione I discusses the question of world history as a chain of eternal reversions and solves it according to Christian orthodoxy. De generatione II and Physics I put forward the question whether accidents can exist without substance. The first work cites amply the Aristotelian solution and tries to reconcile it with a Christian understanding of the problem, whereas the second commentary accepts the opinion of Thomas Aquinas. In De generatione II and Physics II, Giles inquires whether an annihilated substance can reappear. The first commentary cites <Aristotelian> arguments for the negative answer, but it also gives a short declaratio fidei. The second commentary cites an <Aristotelian> and an orthodox solution, stating that one can solve the problem on two different planes - Christian or philosophical, both offering a different solution and unable to be reconciled. All three questions are listed in Tempier's Condemnation of 1277 - propositions 92, 196 and 215 - censuring heterodox answers.

scholarly journals The Old Russian Chronograph of the Third Redaction in 182 Chap ters. Part 1: The Chronograph of the 1680s from the Patriarchal Scriptorium

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 73-122
Author(s):  
Аndrey P. Bogdanov ◽  
◽  
Nikita V. Belov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Classical Version ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Third ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the special version of the third redaction of the Old Russian Chronograph from the collection of V. M. Undolsky. It is quite different from other copies of this text. The compiler of the manuscript not only revised the traditional structure of the third redaction of the Chronograph by increasing the number of its chapters from 169 to 182 but also fundamentally changed its historical meaning. The vast majority of manuscripts of the third redaction of the Chronograph brought its narrative up to the end of the Time of Troubles in 1618, thereby emphasizing the end of the “rebellious” period in Russian history and the relative “unimportance” of the following years of quiet rule of the first Romanovs. The Chronograph in 182 chapters continues its narrative of Russian history up to the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 and pays much attention to the military events and rebellions of the early Romanov era. This codex was written in the patriarchal scriptorium between 1686 and 1696 (most likely in 1686–1689). The paper on which it is written was actively used in other textually related manuscripts from the patriarchal scriptorium in the late 1680s– 1690s. The Undolsky’s copy of the third redaction of the Old Russian Chronograph is not the only version enlarged by additional chapters. More chapters than in the “classical” version can be found in Rumyantsev’s second copy of the Chronograph. Both Undolsky’s and Rumyantsev’s manuscripts derive from a common protograph — a special form of the third redaction of the Chronograph in 179 chapters. The Undolsky manuscript, however, is continued by the Patriarchal Chronicle for the years 1619–1686. Accordingly, the number of chapters is increased to 182. In contrast, the Rumyantsev manuscript is augmented by the Tale of Mosokh and retains the original 179 chapters. Both manuscripts are supplemented by various excerpts from the Book of Royal Degrees. Simultaneously with them, there also appeared other variants of the Chronograph that expressed the patriarchal bookmen’s thoughts about Russian and world history in the 1680s and 1690s: the Fokhtov Chronograph in 187 chapters and its revised version – the Vologodsky Chronograph in 189 chapters, and also the Tikhonravov Chronograph in 184 chapters. The changes that became fixed in some codices from the last quarter of the 17th century were the results of editorial work of patriarchal and other scribes, who compiled new chronographs and their brief redactions (“chronographets”) in the 1680s – 1690s

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