Effect of wire diameter on turbulence intensity of flow passing through the wire mesh

AbstractA long piece of magnetic material shaped as a central cylindrical wire (diameter $$d=50$$ d = 50 nm) with two wider coaxial cylindrical portions (diameter $$D=90$$ D = 90 nm and thickness $$t=100$$ t = 100 nm) defines a bimodulated nanowire. Micromagnetism is invoked to study the equilibrium energy of the system under the variations of the positions of the modulations along the wire. The system can be thought of as composed of five independent elements (3 segments and 2 modulations) leading to $$2^5=32$$ 2 5 = 32 possible different magnetic configurations, which will be later simplified to 4. We investigate the stability of the configurations depending on the positions of the modulations. The relative chirality of the modulations has negligible contributions to the energy and they have no effect on the stability of the stored configuration. However, the modulations are extremely important in pinning the domain walls that lead to consider each segment as independent from the rest. A phase diagram reporting the stability of the inscribed magnetic configurations is produced. The stability of the system was then tested under the action of external magnetic fields and it was found that more than 50 mT are necessary to alter the inscribed information. The main purpose of this paper is to find whether a prototype like this can be complemented to be used as a magnetic key or to store information in the form of firmware. Present results indicate that both possibilities are feasible.

Download Full-text

Experimental Investigation of High-Speed/High-Voltage SMA Actuation

Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Bioinspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting; Emerging Technologies ◽

10.1115/smasis2017-3787 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul Motzki ◽

Tom Gorges ◽

Thomas Würtz ◽

Stefan Seelecke

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory ◽

High Voltage ◽

Supply Voltage ◽

High Energy ◽

Wire Diameter ◽

High Current ◽

Sma Actuator ◽

The Wire ◽

Supply Voltages ◽

A Current

The thermal shape memory effect describes the ability of a deformed material to return to its original shape when heated. This effect is found in shape memory alloys (SMAs) such as nickel-titanium (NiTi). SMA actuator wire is known for its high energy density and allows for the construction of compact systems. An additional advantage is the so-called “self-sensing” effect, which can be used for sensor tasks within an actuator-sensor-system. In most applications, a current is used to heat the SMA wires through joule heating. Usually a current between zero and four ampere is recommended by the SMA wire manufacturers depending on the wire diameter. Therefore, supply voltage is adjusted to the SMA wire’s electrical resistance to reach the recommended current. The focus of this work is to use supply voltages of magnitudes higher than the recommended supply voltages on SMA actuator wires. This actuation method has the advantage of being able to use industry standard voltage supplies for SMA actuators. Additionally, depending on the application, faster actuation and higher strokes can be achieved. The high voltage results in a high current in the SMA wire. To prevent the wire from being destroyed by the high current, short pulses in the micro- and millisecond range are used. As part of the presented work, a test setup has been constructed to examine the effects of the crucial parameters such as supply voltage amplitude, pulse duration, wire diameter and wire pre-tension. The monitored parameters in this setup are the wire displacement, wire current and force generated by the SMA wire. All sensors in this setup and their timing is validated through several experiments. Additionally, a highspeed optical camera system is used to record qualitative videos of the SMA wire’s behavior under there extreme conditions. This optical feedback is necessary to fully understand and interpret the measured force and displacement signals.

Download Full-text

The Wire Mesh

Techniques in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery ◽

10.1097/bth.0b013e31815d69b5 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 92-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prashantha Kesari ◽

Mukund Jagannathan

Keyword(s):

Wire Mesh ◽

The Wire

Download Full-text

Aggregate Roundness Classification Using a Wire Mesh Method

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13173682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 3682

Author(s):

Sung-Sik Park ◽

Jung-Shin Lee ◽

Dong-Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Particle Shape ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Tilting Angle ◽

Sphericity Index ◽

Mesh Method ◽

The Wire ◽

Aggregate Particles

Herein, we suggest a wire mesh method to classify the particle shape of large amounts of aggregate. This method is controlled by the tilting angle and opening size of the wire mesh. The more rounded the aggregate particles, the more they roll on the tilted wire mesh. Three different sizes of aggregate: 11–15, 17–32, and 33–51 mm were used for assessing their roundness after classification using the sphericity index into rounded, sub-rounded/sub-angular, and angular. The aggregate particles with different sphericities were colored differently and then used for classification via the wire mesh method. The opening sizes of the wire mesh were 6, 11, and 17 mm and its frame was 0.5 m wide and 1.8 m long. The ratio of aggregate size to mesh-opening size was between 0.6 and 8.5. The wire mesh was inclined at various angles of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30° to evaluate the rolling degree of the aggregates. The aggregates were rolled and remained on the wire mesh between 0.0–0.6, 0.6–1.2, and 1.2–1.8 m depending on their sphericity. A tilting angle of 25° was the most suitable angle for classifying aggregate size ranging from 11–15 mm, while the most suitable angle for aggregate sizes of 17–32 and 33–51 mm was 20°. The best ratio for the average aggregate size to mesh-opening size for aggregate roundness classification was 2.

Download Full-text

Performance of Appended Wire Mesh Packing in Sieve Tray Distillation Column of Ethanol-Water System

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v9n7p148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Fadlilatul Taufany ◽

Nonot Soewarno ◽

Melvina Eliana Sutanto ◽

Indi Raisa Girsang

Keyword(s):

Distillation Column ◽

Water System ◽

Interfacial Area ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Valve Tray ◽

Sieve Tray ◽

Distillation System ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Wire

For the separation process in liquid-liquid mixture such as ethanol-water mixture, a sieve tray distillation columnis an alternatif for affordable process and maintenance. However to date, this sieve tray system is still currentlyhaving a lower Murphee efficiency and smaller interfacial area, as compared to other tray system, that is, either abubble cap or valve tray. Therefore it is of important to optimize the performance of sieve tray distillation bymeans of adding the wire mesh packing on that tray, as being the aim of the present study. This study isconducted by using a batch sieve tray distillation system, where the wire mesh packing is added on the third traythat is calculated from the top of the column, to avoid flooding inside the column. Here the resulting fermentedmolasses of containing a 10% volume of ethanol is used as a mixture distillation feed. The height of the wiremesh packing being studied is varied as 5 cm, 3 cm, and 2 cm. Our results showed that the Murphee efficiencyobtained by the variation of the packing height of 5 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm and without packing were 73.5%, 66.27%,56.86%, and 46.7% respectively, and were increased by subsequent level of the packing height. Thecorresponding hydrodynamic properties of this appended packing sieve tray distillation by means of theinterfacial area were 11.88 cm2/cm3, 0.48 cm2/cm3, and 0.32 cm2/cm3, while its pressure drop measured from thewater manometer height were 38.33 cm H2O/m, 30 cm H2O/m, 10 cm H2O/m for the packing height of 5 cm, 3cm, 2 cm height, respectively. The increasing of the performance of appended packing sieve tray distillation bymeans of the Murphee efficiency is explained by the increasing of the interfacial area for vapour-liquid than thetray itself. This preliminary study is expected to be a pioneer study of strategy to increase the performance ofconventional sieve tray distillation that is known as a kind of affordable distillation process.

Download Full-text

Failure Investigation on Rusty Mesh Strainer of Petrochemical Plant

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.488 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 795 ◽

pp. 488-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin ◽

Mohd Harun ◽

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽

Hafizal Yazid ◽

Mohd Noor Mazlee

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Good Condition ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Petrochemical Plant ◽

Root Cause ◽

Failure Investigation ◽

Error Factor ◽

The Wire ◽

The Impact ◽

Filter Mesh

The wire material of filter mesh is made of 304 grade stainless steel. The failure to run properly was due to the impact of burst and torn. The client also expects that the failure was due to corrosion problems. A visual inspection on the strainer mesh was found covered by brownish rust layers and some scratches at the damaged area. The rusty wire mesh that was washed with pickling acid showed a clean and smooth surface. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examination of the rusty wire mesh surface indicated that it was only normal oxide precipitates. Thus, it's proven that there were no signs of severe corrosion attack on the failed sample. SEM micrographs showed the unidirectional scratch effects exist in the damaged area. The fractography study was found there was a typical ductile structure on the fracture surface of the wire. It is proven that the wire mesh was actually still in good condition and has not experienced any embrittlement problems as if it exposed to any corrosive environment. The root cause of the failure is shown by the effect of scratches in which it is usually caused by a mechanical forceful push by a hard object or in other words, it is caused by human error factor.

Download Full-text

Dynamic calibration of inclined and crossed hot wires

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112072001545 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 465-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

G. L. Morrison ◽

A. E. Perry ◽

A. E. Samuel

Keyword(s):

Small Perturbation ◽

Turbulence Intensity ◽

Static Method ◽

New Method ◽

Dynamic Calibration ◽

Wire Probe ◽

Intensity Measurements ◽

Hot Wires ◽

The Wire

Single inclined hot wires and X-wires are calibrated directly for absolute turbulence intensity measurements by oscillating the wire probe sinusoidally with accurately known motion in a steady stream. The usual static method of calibration shows serious discrepancies and uncertainties when compared with this new procedure. The new method also provides a check on the small perturbation linearity of inclined wires.

Download Full-text

On the effect of wear on small mesh wire sieves

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600003865 ◽

1923 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 467-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bernard A. Keen ◽

William B. Haines

Keyword(s):

Mesh Size ◽

Wire Diameter ◽

The Other ◽

Double Peaks ◽

Distribution Of Values ◽

Metal Framework ◽

The Wire ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Frequency Curves

A series of measurements of wire diameter, length of side, and area of holes, has been made on new and used sieves, all of which were originally of the “100 mesh” size, i.e. the square holes were supposed to be ·01″ in length of side and the wire to be ·01″ in diameter. The measurements have been expressed as frequency curves.In the case of unused sieves woven to the I.M.M. specification, the sieve on the whole compared well with the specification, but in used sieves the variations were much greater. The divergence from specification in the new and old sieves is shown by Tables I and II respectively.In one sieve (No. 2) the holes elongated more in one direction than the other. In fact in one direction the alteration which has taken place is a contraction rather than a stretch. This effect was probably connected with the manner in which the sieve was attached to its metal framework, and also to difference in tempering of the wires and the tension in weaving.A number of the frequency curves showed double peaks, and the actual observations showed that there was a systematic distribution of values corresponding to these two peaks. It is probable that some of the guides in one of the combs through which the warp wires are led during the weaving were displaced sideways, thus giving alternate strands of wire and narrow holes. This was particularly the case in the single weave.

Download Full-text

Peningkatan Kinerja Motor Induksi Melalui Variasi Diameter Lilitan Kawat

Jurnal Elektronika, Listrik, dan Teknologi Informasi Terapan ◽

10.37338/e.v2i2.148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yudhi Agussationo ◽

Keyword(s):

Induction Motor ◽

Induction Motors ◽

Wire Diameter ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Maximum Torque ◽

Motor Test ◽

The Wire ◽

Winding Wire ◽

The Ideal

Testing of 3 phase induction motors with a variety of wire diameters. First, find out the ideal wire size on an induction motor. Second, ratio of the power used on an induction motor with different winding wire sizes. Third, to find out the torque produced by an induction motor with different wire winding sizes. Then, The induction motor test was performed by taking the power data used on two motors with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm winding wire, RPM data and torque produced by an induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm. So, we can get the results the induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm wire uses as maximum power of 549.10 Watt or more than the induction motor with a diameter of a wire wound of 0.5 mm which only uses a maximum power of 345.95 Watt, the wire diameter induction motor winding 0.6 mm produces a maximum torque of 746.92 Nm or greater than an induction motor with a diameter of 0.5 mm winding wire which only produces a maximum torque of 383.97 Nm. So, It can be conclude that the more number of revolutions per minute (RPM), the torque produced will be smaller, then, the greater the torque produced, the more power is used.

Download Full-text