An Assessment of Ecological Diversity in Homegardens: A Case Study from Kerala State, India

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Mohan ◽  
P. K. Ramachandran Nair ◽  
Alan J. Long
Author(s):  
Deepak Gopinath

This paper offers a commentary on what decentralisation has come to mean in India, based on recent research conducted in Kerala, one of the southern states. In particular, the paper discusses the tensions between ‘regionalism’ and ‘localism’. It begins with a brief outline of how decentralisation is conceived within the broad literature. This is followed by a case study, where the shifts in forms of decentralisation adopted by the Kerala state government are examined. The paper concludes with key findings that underpin an understanding of decentralisation within the Indian context.


Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulejman Redžić

AbstractSyntaxonomic diversity (SD) represents the number of plant communities (phytocoenoses) in certain area. Plant communities as organized systems of populations of various coexisting plant species inhabiting same or similar habitat in the function of time. SD is one of the best indicators of the state and potential carrying capacity of every ecosystem and an attribute of total ecological diversity. In general, level of syntaxonomic diversity indicates habitat heterogeneity and diversity. This could have significant importance in the categorization of habitat values in accordance with European Nature Information System (EUNIS) criteria. The results presented in this paper indicate without any doubt high natural values of mountain range Vranica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the best proofs is an extremely high level of syntaxonomic diversity. In this area covering just 288 km2, vegetation is differentiated into 9 formations, 28 classes, 44 orders, 73 alliances and 165 associations. This represents 85% of all classes, 73% of all orders, 65% of all alliances, and 53% of all associations of vegetation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, or 35% of all classes in vegetation diversity in Europe. Going from the level of class to the level of order, the number of syntaxa increases for 61%, from order to alliance for 60%, and from alliance to association for 44.24% (average 55%). SD index is very high and it is 0.5729. This means that on each km2 contains 0.5729 syntaxa.


Energy Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Parameswara Sharma ◽  
P.S.Chandramohanan Nair ◽  
R. Balasubramanian

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Beck ◽  
Horia Ciugudean ◽  
Colin Quinn

The Apuseni Mountains of southwestern Transylvania (Romania) are home to the richest gold and copper deposits in Europe, key resources that fueled the development of social complexity during the Bronze Age (ca. 2700–800 B.C.E.). This landscape encompasses a significant amount of topographic and ecological diversity, with upland landscapes incorporating major mineral deposits, forests, pastures, and salt springs, and lowland agropastoral landscapes abutting the major interregional Mureș River corridor. Local Early Bronze Age (ca. 2700–2000 B.C.E.) communities typically buried their dead in stone-covered tumuli in the uplands, though there are also examples of burial in lowland settlements. The relationship between upland and lowland mortuary contexts is an enduring question within the regional archaeological record. In this paper we present a case study that compares individuals from two sites: the lowland settlement of Alba Iulia-Pârâul Iovului and the upland cemetery of Meteș-La Meteșel. We ask whether there were differences between the uplands and the lowlands in terms of mortuary practices and eligibility for burial, or differences in the lived experience of pathology or trauma. Our results show that there are few significant differences between the two samples. Adults and subadults, as well as males and females, are represented at both sites, and levels of skeletal pathology are low, while dental insults are more frequent. We conclude by outlining a strategy for developing a regional bioarchaeology that will incorporate multiple lines of archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence and enhance our understanding of the biocultural dynamics of the region. Localizaţi în sud-vestul Transilvaniei (România), Munţii Apuseni adăpostesc cele mai bogate zăcăminte de aur şi cupru din Europa, resurse vitale care au alimentat dezvoltarea complexităţii sociale pe parcursul epocii bronzului (cca. 2700-800 BC). Acest peisaj încorporează o remarcabilă diversitate topografică şi ecologică, cu zonele înalte adăpostind principalele zăcăminte metalifere, păduri, păşuni montane, zonele agro-pastorale mai joase învecinându-se cu principalul coridor interregional al văii Mureşului. Comunităţile locale ale Bronzului timpuriu (cca. 2700-2000 BCE) din zona muntoasă îşi îngropau de obicei morţii în tumuli cu manta de piatră , dar există şi exemple de înmormântări în aşezările din zonele mai joase. Relaţia dintre contextele funerare din zonele înalte şi cele din zonele joase de relief rămâne o întrebare de durată în contextual arheologic regional. Studiul de faţă prezintă un studiu de caz care compară indivizi din două situri: aşezarea din zona joasă de la Alba Iulia-Pârâul Iovului şi cimitirul din zona muntoasă de la Meteş-La Meteşel. Sunt puse întrebări care privesc existenţa unor diferenţe între practicile funerare din zonele joase şi cele înalte sau în ceea ce priveşte experienţa trăită a traumelor şi patologiei. Rezultatele noastre indică puţine diferenţe semnificative între cele două loturi de probe. Adulţi şi subadulţi, de sex masculine sau feminin, sunt reprezentaţi în ambele situri, nivelurile de patologie osoasă fiind joase, în vreme ce afecţiunile dentare sunt mai frecvente. Concluzionăm prin evidenţierea unei strategii pentru dezvoltarea unei bioarheologii regionale, care va încorpora multiple linii de dovezi arheologice şi bioarheologice şi va înbunătăţi înţelegerea dinamicii bioculturale a regiunii.  


PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Gomez Cano ◽  
Yuri Kimura ◽  
Fernando Blanco ◽  
Iris Menéndez ◽  
María A. Álvarez-Sierra ◽  
...  

Rodents are the most speciose group of mammals and display a great ecological diversity. Despite the greater amount of ecomorphological information compiled for extant rodent species, studies usually lack of morphological data on dentition, which has led to difficulty in directly utilizing existing ecomorphological data of extant rodents for paleoecological reconstruction because teeth are the most common or often the only micromammal fossils. Here, we infer the environmental ranges of extinct rodent genera by extracting habitat information from extant relatives and linking it to extinct taxa based on the phenogram of the cluster analysis, in which variables are derived from the principal component analysis on outline shape of the upper first molars. This phenotypic “bracketing” approach is particularly useful in the study of the fossil record of small mammals, which is mostly represented by isolated teeth. As a case study, we utilize extinct genera of murines and non-arvicoline cricetids, ranging from the Iberoccitanian latest middle Miocene to the Mio-Pliocene boundary, and compare our results thoroughly with previous paleoecological reconstructions inferred by different methods. The resultant phenogram shows a predominance of ubiquitous genera among the Miocene taxa, and the presence of a few forest specialists in the two rodent groups (Murinae and Cricetidae), along with the absence of open environment specialists in either group of rodents. This appears to be related to the absence of enduring grassland biomes in the Iberian Peninsula during the late Miocene. High consistency between our result and previous studies suggests that this phenotypic “bracketing” approach is a very useful tool.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
K B. Bindu ◽  
G Jayapal

Mangrove ecosystems are prone to die due to both anthropogenic and natural effects. The present study is a case study of how the formation of sand bars affects the natural mangrove ecosystem and becoming a threat to its rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. The Kadalundi – Vallikkunnu Community Reserve located in Kozhikode and Malappuram Districts in Kerala State is the first community reserve of Kerala, declared in 2007 which spread across 1.5 sq. km. andthis area includes Kadalundi bird sanctuary, mangroves and estuarine. These area mainly affected by numerous biotic interferences like over fishing, collection of oyster and mussels, mining of sand and lime and also retting of coconut. The formation of sand bars at the mouth of the river has resulted in the massive die back of the mangrove vegetation, especially that of Avicennia Marina which is one of the five species of mangroves found in the Kadalundi – Vallikunnu community reserve. The illegal utilization of land for coconut plantation, urbanization and dumping of urban waste near the mouth of the river had made the problem highly complicated. The present study highlights the need for urgent measures to be adopted from the authorities to ensure community participation for restoration of community reserve.


2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Satyajit Das ◽  

Eco-Cultural Tourism is a new area which emphasizes on the promotion and development of culturally rich and ecologically important sites and locations or places. Through the promotion of this kind of tourism, the inhabitants living in the surrounding and peripheral areas may be socio-economically benefited. The community participation process would have also continued in this eco-cultural tourism. In eco-cultural tourism, the emphasis should be given on conservation of ecological diversity and cultural heritage of the respective community. In eco-cultural tourism, tourists are attracted towards the local culture and flora and fauna constituting the ecology. Chandubi is a well-known natural lake located 64 km away from the Guwahati city and included in the Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council area of south kamrup region, Assam. Chandubi Festival has been organized at the bank of the Chandubi Lake for the last 4-5 years. It is a promotional festival for attraction of visitors and tourists to Chandubi. But most prominent objective of Chandubi Festival is to create awareness among the mass for conservation of ecological diversity of the lake as well as to promote folk culture and ethnic tradition of the different communities especially of the Pati Rabha community for domestic and foreign tourists at this place. Through organizing this festival, the organizer tries to draw the attention of the concerned Departments of Government and Non-Government organizations for infrastructural development of the place and the attainment of socio-economic development of the entire community who have been participated in the different process in the promotion of eco-cultural tourism.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth T. Thomas ◽  
Michelle McLean ◽  
Thomas T. Titus

AbstractIndia is home to the world’s second largest Indigenous population, comprising 8.6% of the national population. They are constitutionally recognised as ‘Scheduled Tribes’ to aid their development after centuries of oppression and socio-cultural marginalisation through the caste system. Limited disaggregated data exist on India’s Scheduled Tribe populations’ health outcomes, including for Indigenous women. Kerala, one of India’s southern states, is an intriguing case study. The State has outperformed other Indian states and South Asian countries with respect to a number of health and education indicators despite its more modest economic performance. Relatively little is known, however, about whether the State’s tribal or ‘Adivasi’ population is prospering. This article used data from a cross-sectional observational study of tribal women conducted in the Attappady area in the Palakkad district in Kerala, South India, which has a dense tribal population. The outcomes for these communities were compared with the relevant United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators as well as Kerala State data to identify areas of growth and need. The findings of this case study highlight successes as well as persisting gaps in health outcomes for women and children in marginalised tribal communities. Using a strengths-based approach, we propose possible strategies to address the perceived gaps.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document