Phytochemical Properties and Pharmacological Role of Plants: Secondary Metabolites

Over the past decades, there has been increasing attention tothe study of medicinal plants that contain many phytochemicals beneficial for human health. A number of secondary metabolites derived from various plants have been used as drug components to treat several human disorders since ancient times. The traditional therapeutic applications of secondary metabolites have been reported in the whole world. Numerous bioactive phytochemicals constituents have been identified and isolated using many advanced techniques. These bioactive phytochemicals are responsible for many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and antimicrobial infection. These secondary metabolites are not only beneficial for human health but also protect plants themselves from biotic and abiotic stress. These secondary metabolites are classified into many subclasses like terpenoids, alkaloids and phenolics. Each class of secondary metabolites has its pharmacological activities, which is required to be studied thoroughly for better use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and other industries. Therefore, this review paper represents many medicinal plants that contain bioactive secondary metabolites and show pharmacological activities, which provides an opportunity to utilize them for improvement of human health and discover new herbal medicines.

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Flavonoids and other Non-Alkaloidal Constituents of Genus Erythrina: A Detailed Account of Phytochemical Review

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272823666190627113724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ninh The Son ◽

Abdelsamed I. Elshamymistry

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Original Research ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽

Material Sources ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Alkaloidal Constituents ◽

The Web

: Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, and has been applied in both traditional herbal medicines, and pharmacological uses. Original research articles and publications on overview of alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account highlighted phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is now insufficient. Utilizing data information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor Francis, Bentham Science and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic manuscript paper were obtained from the literature published from 1980s to now. A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately five hundred constituents were isolated comprising of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, mono-sugars and fatty acid derivatives. It resembles the previously phytochemical reports on the plants of differential genus of family Fabaceae, flavonoids reached to the high amount in plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological researches such as anti-microbacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from Erythrina species suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming promising agents for drug developments.

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Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of canadine in the medicine: An important phytochemical of Hydrastis canadensis

Current Chinese Chemistry ◽

10.2174/2666001601666210923123629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Human Health ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Hydrastis Canadensis ◽

Biological Importance ◽

Human Disorders

Background: Natural products and their derived phytochemicals have been used in the medicine and gaining importance in the modern medicine due to their therapeutic potential and health beneficial effect on human disorders. Plenty of herbal drug based products are available in the market and playing an important role in the human health care system due to their health beneficial properties in human being. In the modern age we can find many herbal based products in the market mainly prepared from the natural products and used for the prevention and treatment of various human disorders. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are the important class of alkaloidal compounds and the better example are morphine, codeine, sanguinarine, berberine and canadine which are mainly known for their medicinal value in the medicine. Methods: Hydrastis canadensis is the important medicinal plant found to contain a significant amount of canadine, hydrastine and berberine. In the present investigation, numerous scientific databases such as Google, Pubmed, Science direct etc. have been searched to collect the important scientific information of canadine and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspect of canadine in the medicine. All the collected scientific information data’s were analyzed and have been categorized into mainly pharmacological and analytical aspects. Results: From the analysis of the collected scientific information, it was found that Hydrastis canadensis contain significant amount of canadine with many more phytochemical including canadaline, hydrastidine, isohydrastidine etc. Pharmacological activity data analysis revealed the biological importance of Hydrastis canadensis in the medicine for their traditional uses against gastritis, colitis, duodenal ulcers, loss of appetite, liver disease, bile secretion disorder, snake bites and vaginitis in the medicine. However, scientific data analysis of canadine revealed their effectiveness for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-allergic activity and anti-oxidant activity. Different modern analytical tools have been used in the modern medicine for the isolation and quantification of canadine in the Hydrastis canadensis. Conclusion: Present investigation revealed the medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of a canadine in the medicine for the treatment of numerous human health complications. These scientific data will be helpful to the scientist to know the biological importance of canadine in the medicine against various forms of human complications.

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Traditional Herbs With Potential Wound Healing Properties

10.4018/978-1-6684-3546-5.ch012 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 214-232

Author(s):

Neelesh Babu ◽

Ajeet Singh ◽

Navneet

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Human Health ◽

Healing Process ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Natural Remedies ◽

Wide Zone

Medicinal plants have been necessary to conventional and non-customary types of prescriptions dating back to somewhere around 5000 years ago. Researchers progressively depend on current logical techniques and proof-based medication to demonstrate the viability of herbal medicines and spotlight on a better comprehension of the systems of their activity. Notwithstanding, data concerning quantitative human health advantages on natural remedies is yet uncommon, constraining their legitimate valuation. Traditional medicines are regularly utilized for the wound-healing process covering a wide zone of various skin-related infections. This chapter will give information about the wound-healing capability of plants that are useful for the advancement of new wound-healing formulations.

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Lentils (Lens culinaris, L.)

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Exploring the Nutrition and Health Benefits of Functional Foods ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0591-4.ch003 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 42-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat Faris ◽

Amita Attlee

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Functional Food ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Pressure Lowering ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Bioactive Phytochemicals

Lentils have been part of human diet from ancient times. This chapter focuses on the nutritional composition, presence of bioactive substances, antioxidants and health rendering properties of lentils. Recent definitions have considered lentils as a prophylactic and therapeutic functional food due to its considerable content of essential macronutrients, namely functional proteins and carbohydrates, and essential micronutrients, as well as bioactive phytochemicals such as phytates and polyphenols. Indeed, the presence of an impressive arsenal of secondary metabolites, minerals and bioactive constituents in lentils have shown to be promising contributors in the management and prevention of several human chronic diseases, attributed to their anticarcinogenic, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and blood-pressure lowering properties.

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Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product Development

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010313 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Karma Yeshi ◽

Darren Crayn ◽

Edita Ritmejerytė ◽

Phurpa Wangchuk

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Drug Discovery ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% of the existing drugs belong to PSMs. One of the continuing challenges for drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries is gaining access to natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck is heightened for endangered species prohibited for large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating the pharmaceutically interesting plant species may be a solution, it is not always possible to grow the organism outside its natural habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present a potential alternative source for drug discovery. In order to overcome abiotic environmental stressors, plants may mount a defense response by producing a diversity of PSMs to avoid cells and tissue damage. Plants either synthesize new chemicals or increase the concentration (in most instances) of existing chemicals, including the prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, and kaempferol. Most PSMs produced under various abiotic stress conditions are plant defense chemicals and are functionally anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. The major PSM groups are terpenoids, followed by alkaloids and phenolic compounds. We have searched the literature on plants affected by abiotic stress (primarily studied in the simulated growth conditions) and their PSMs (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, and journal websites. We used search keywords: “stress-affected plants,” “plant secondary metabolites, “abiotic stress,” “climatic influence,” “pharmacological activities,” “bioactive compounds,” “drug discovery,” and “medicinal plants” and retrieved published literature between 1973 to 2021. This review provides an overview of variation in bioactive phytochemical production in plants under various abiotic stress and their potential in the biodiscovery of therapeutic drugs. We excluded studies on the effects of biotic stress on PSMs.

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Flavonoids and other Non-Alkaloidal Constituents of Genus Erythrina: Phytochemical Review

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200609141517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Ninh The Son ◽

Abdelsamed I. Elshamy

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Original Research ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽

Material Sources ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

The Family ◽

Alkaloidal Constituents

Background: Genus Erythrina belongs to the family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account that highlights phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is currently insufficient. Objective: With the utilization of data and information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor Francis, Bentham Science, and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic review paper were obtained from various literature published from the 1980s to present. Conclusion: A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites were obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately five hundred constituents were isolated, including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, monosugars, and fatty acid derivatives. In agreement with the previous phytochemical reports on the plants of the family Fabaceae, flavonoids make up a great percentage in the number of plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological activity investigations such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from Erythrina species have suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming the promising agents for drug developments.

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A Pharmacological Review of Four Widely Used Traditional Medicinal Plants for Wound Healing in Bangladesh

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190820120523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74

Author(s):

Md. Rajdoula Rafe ◽

Rayhanus Salam ◽

Syeda Naureen Ahmed ◽

Zebunnesa Ahmed ◽

Surid Mohammad Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Drug Of Choice ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Treatment Of Wounds

Traditional and folklore medicines have gained popularity throughout the world due to their safety. Herbal medicines with pharmacological activities and nutritional value are the most popular choice. Cultural and geographical factors of Bangladesh make it a vast source for herbal medicines. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of herbal medicines has also played an important role to make it a drug of choice among the developing countries like Bangladesh. People of Bangladesh have been using plants for centuries to treat different wounds caused by excision and incision. In this current review, we have gone through an extensive literature search to find out the four most commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of wounds and their pharmacological activities in scientific researches. The featured plants of this review articles are, Calotropis gigantea, Cynodon dactylon, Acorus calamus and Justicia gendarussa. In traditional and herbal medicines, many plants are used without their scientific validation and we intend to perform a literature review in order to find out the potential scientific value of the featured plants. In addition, with pharmacological activities, their traditional formulation as a wound healing drug is also added to this article. This study will help validate the uses of these plants as traditional medicine and for researchers to find out potential therapeutic drugs according to their pharmacological studies.

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