Screening and Characterization of Soil Microbes Producing Antimicrobial Compounds in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-732
Author(s):  
Najwa Menwer Alharbi ◽  
Amjad Khalid Alharthi ◽  
Alsamadani Alsamadani ◽  
Raneem Ahmed Almihmadi ◽  
Bothaina Ali Alaidaroos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

This study aimed to investigate a method to manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issues by exploring soil microorganisms that are capable of producing bioactive compounds. Eight different types of soil were selected from three locations to screen, isolate, and identify microorganisms that are capable of producing antimicrobial compounds. The multi-drug resistant strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were selected for primary and secondary screening using the crowded plate method and the agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones were measured, and data were assessed using statistical tests to check for normality and differences between parametric variables and nonparametric data. This was followed by biochemical characterization, DNA isolation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Here, 86 isolates containing bacteria and fungi were successfully extracted from soil samples. Further, 49 of 86 microbes showed possible antimicrobial activity, but only 12 isolates resulted in distinct inhibition zones with the selected multi-drug resistant strains. The following different taxa were identified: Firmicutes (nine strains), Proteobacteria (one strain), Actinobacteria (one strain), and Azotobacter (one strain). Species are represented in a phylogenetic tree, which was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. The identified microorganisms showed antimicrobial activity, confirming that soil microorganisms have great potential to address AMR issues.

IBS Therapeutic has Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Cunningham ◽  
Orhi Esarte Palomero ◽  
Bradley J. Voss ◽  
M. Stephen Trent ◽  
Bryan W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Otilonium bromide is a poorly absorbed oral medication used to control irritable bowel syndrome. It is thought to act as a muscle relaxant in the intestine. Here we show that otilonium bromide has broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, including against multi-drug resistant strains. Our results suggest otilonium bromide could act on enteric pathogens and may offer a new scaffold for poorly absorbed intestinal antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant, extensively drug resistant and pan drug resistant gram negative bacteria at a tertiary care centre in Bhubaneswar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Subhra Snigdha Panda ◽  
Nipa Singh ◽  
Smrutilata Sahoo ◽  
Ipsa Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Multidrug resistance has emerged as a challenge in health care settings. Again increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and pan drug resistant (PDR) gram negative bacteria is making the condition more critical because of limited options of antibiotics, increasing morbidity, mortality and hospital stay of the patients. The present study is carried out with an aim to estimate the prevalence of MDR, XDR, PDR gram negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Total of 912 gram negative bacterial isolates obtained from various samples of indoor patients in a tertiary care hospital, were studied over a period of six months. The bacteria were identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics for the resistant isolates were detected by Vitek-2 automated method. MDR, XDR and PDR were determined according to the definitions suggested by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers was estimated.Results: Out of 912 isolates, prevalence of MDR, XDR and PDR were 66.12%, 34.32% and 0.98% respectively. Prevalence of MDR and XDR were higher in ICUs than clinical wards (p<0.0001). Prevalence of ESBL producers was 48.4%.Conclusions: The study highlights increased prevalence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant strains in our hospital. Stringent surveillance, proper implementation of hospital infection control practices and antimicrobial stewardship will help in limiting the emergence and spread of drug resistant strains.

scholarly journals Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of colistin with antibiotics of different groups against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Tapalskiy ◽  
T.A. Petrovskaya ◽  
A.I. Kozlova ◽  
Mikhail V. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Objective. To reveal antibiotics being capable of potentiating the antimicrobial activity of colistin against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin alone and in combination with fixed concentrations of antibiotics of different groups were determined for 272 multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Bactericidal activity of colistin, carbapenems, clarithromycin and their combinations were also determined at fixed PK/PD breakpoint concentrations of antibiotics. Results. Potentiation of colistin antibacterial activity in the presence of fixed concentration of rifampicin (0.5 mg/L) was observed as a 4–16-fold MIC decrease for K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. In the presence of fixed concentrations of azithromycin (2 mg/L) or clarithromycin (1 mg/L), the colistin MICs decreased 64–512 times for K. pneumoniae, 4–32 times for A. baumannii, 16–64 times for P. aeruginosa. Two- or more-fold reduction of MIC of colistin in the presence of 1 mg/L clarithromycin was observed for 85.2% of K. pneumoniae, 86.3% of A. baumannii and 60.2% of P. aeruginosa strains. In the presence of 1 mg/L clarithromycin and 8 mg/L meropenem, the potentiation effect was enhanced and was observed for an even larger percent of isolates: 96.1% K. pneumoniae, 98.0% A. baumannii and 61.3% P. aeruginosa. Colistin-based combinations with clarithromycin-meropenem and clarithromycin-doripenem were bactericidal against most isolates of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa (91.4–100%), and against colistin-sensitive K. pneumoniae (95.3%) and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (79.1%). Conclusions. The ability of macrolides to significantly potentiate the colistin antimicrobial activity against both colistin-sensitive and colistin-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa was shown. This potentiation effect was enhanced in the presence of carbapenems. The most potent bactericidal activity was revealed with dual and triple combinations of colistin-clarithromycin and colistinclarithromycin-carbapenems.

scholarly journals Cefiderocol Retains Anti-Biofilm Activity in Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Pybus ◽  
Christina Felder-Scott ◽  
Victor Obuekwe ◽  
David E. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin with potent antibacterial activity against a broad range of Gram-negative pathogens, including multi-drug resistant strains. Siderophore antibiotics bind ferric iron and utilize iron transporters to cross the cell membrane. In the biofilm setting, where antibiotic resistance is high but iron scavenging is important, cefiderocol may have advantageous antimicrobial properties. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial activity of cefiderocol to seven commonly used antibiotics in well-characterized multi-drug resistant pathogens, then determined their efficacy in the biofilm setting. MIC90 values were consistently lower for cefiderocol in all strains tested compared to other antibiotics (ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, tobramycin, clarithromycin). Cefiderocol treatment displayed a superior reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm (93%, p<0.0001) compared to other antibiotics (49-82%). Cefiderocol was generally as effective or superior in reducing biofilm in other pathogens depending on the pathogen-antibiotic combination. There was a trend towards greater biofilm reduction when the antibiotic dose was increased or with increased frequency of antibiotic treatment. We conclude that cefiderocol effectively reduces biofilm and is a potent inhibitor of planktonic growth across a range of Gram-negative medically important pathogens.

scholarly journals Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of Licochalcones A and E against MDR (Multidrug Resistant) Strains of Clinical Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Eun Kim ◽  
Goo Yoon ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
Seung-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Inflata ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Potential Use

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the licochalcones A (1) and E (2) against drug resistant strains of clinical origin. The results indicate that the licochalcones had a broad inhibitory activity against tested bacteria. Compared to vancomycin and teicoplanin, these compounds provided weaker activity against non-MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus but broader activity against MRSA and VRE strains. The results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of 1 and 2 from Glycyrrhiza inflata in the treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections.

Antimicrobial Activity of Seaweeds Against Multi Drug Resistant Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manikandan ◽  
S. Ganesapand ◽  
Manoj Singh ◽  
N. Sangeetha ◽  
A.K. Kumaraguru
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Essential Oils and Non-volatile Compounds Derived from Chamaecyparis obtusa: Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity against Infectious Bacteria and MDR(multidrug resistant) Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Suk Bae ◽  
Dae-Hun Park ◽  
Chul-Yung Choi ◽  
Gye-Yeop Kim ◽  
Jin-Cheol Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa against general infectious microbes and drug resistant strains of clinical origin. The results indicate that both essential oil and non-volatile residue have broad inhibitory activity against test strains. Essential oil and non-volatile residues showed antimicrobial activity not only against general infectious bacteria, but also against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains.

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