Growing Season Surface Water Loading of Fecal Bacteria within a Rural Watershed

As a result of various human uses of water, the diseases, associated with the use of contaminated water, would spread due to the presence of toxic chemical elements, in addition to many pathogens in waters that might have been mixed with sewage water or exposed to contamination from various industrial activities near the water source. In this research, (12) different samples were collected from various locations surrounding some farms in Al-Medina Al-Munawwarah area. Samples include underground water (from various wells) in addition to some surface water of unknown sources from spaced locations. Microbial initial validity of the use of these waters tested to investigate the presence of E. coli, and fecal bacteria. The results indicated contamination with E. coli, and fecal bacteria in the surface waters of unknown origin. The results also showed similar contamination in well water samples. These results indicated a variation in the rate of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of bacteria in the wells' samples, in contrast with samples of surface water. The Cd2+,Cr 3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, As 3- Ions were determined. It turned out from the chemical test results that all ions of the toxic aforementioned elements were at low concentrations in comparison with the recommended standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the salinity in all samples was relatively high, in addition to the elevated ratio of iron ions. Based on the results of analysis of these samples, surface and wells' waters were contaminated with E. coli, and fecal bacteria. While the chemical analysis of the samples indicated a lower level of contamination with the toxic elements, the salinity was higher and the content of iron ions was elevated.

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Controlling tile drainage during the growing season in Eastern Canada to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria loading to surface water

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 178 ◽

pp. 159-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mark D. Sunohara ◽

Natalie Gottschall ◽

Emilia Craiovan ◽

Graham Wilkes ◽

Edward Topp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Growing Season ◽

Tile Drainage ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

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Biphasic Decay Kinetics of Fecal Bacteria in Surface Water Not a Density Effect

Journal of Environmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2009)135:5(372) ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 135 (5) ◽

pp. 372-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

F. L. Hellweger ◽

V. Bucci ◽

M. R. Litman ◽

A. Z. Gu ◽

A. Onnis-Hayden

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Density Effect ◽

Fecal Bacteria ◽

Decay Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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Herbicide dynamics in the Bogue Phalia watershed in the Yazoo River basin of Mississippi

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-05-111r2.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 807-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David R. Shaw ◽

Stephen M. Schraer ◽

Joby Prince ◽

Michele Boyette

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Point Source ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Growing Season ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Health Advisory ◽

Yazoo River Basin ◽

Surface Water Samples ◽

The U.S

A two-year surface water reconnaissance of the Bogue Phalia and its tributaries was conducted in 1997 and 1998. Cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Cyanazine and metolachlor were detected in 101 and 132 of 160 samples, respectively. Cyanazine concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 2.2 g L−1and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lifetime health advisory level (HAL) of 1 g L−1in eight samples. However, concentrations never exceeded the HAL for shorter exposure times. Metolachlor concentrations never reached the lifetime HAL of 100 g L−1. Metolachlor concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 20.6 g L−1. Metolachlor was detected more frequently and found to be more persistent throughout the growing season than was cyanazine. Higher cyanazine and metolachlor concentrations were detected at sampling dates that coincided with herbicide applications. One of the Bogue Phalia's tributaries, Clear Creek, was found to be a point-source of cyanazine for the watershed.

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Is the current stress state in the Central Amazonia caused by surface water loading?

Journal of South American Earth Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jsames.2014.07.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Delano M. Ibanez ◽

Claudio Riccomini ◽

Fernando P. Miranda

Keyword(s):

Stress State ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Loading ◽

Current Stress ◽

Central Amazonia

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Using GFP-Tagged Escherichia coli to Investigate the Persistence of Fecal Bacteria in Vegetated Wetlands: An Experimental Approach

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9060335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Emilia Chiapponi ◽

Charles P. Henriot ◽

Xavier Bertrand ◽

Didier Hocquet ◽

Gudrun Bornette

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Column ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Fecal Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

E Coli

The contamination of surface water by pathogenic bacteria of human origin is an important public health issue. Wetlands can be contaminated with fecal bacteria by water originating from different sources, such as wastewater treatment plants and agriculture. Escherichia coli is a commensal of the human gut flora and the major indication of fecal contamination in surface water. Little is known about the association between fecal bacteria and submerged macrophytes and how this may influence the water quality. We questioned whether macrophytes enhance or inhibit the bacterial growth in wetlands. For this purpose, we grew four different species of macrophytes (Mentha aquatica, Baldellia ranunculoides, Sparganium emersum and Elodea canadensis, in mono- or multispecies cultures) in aquatic rhizotrons and inoculated the devices with a fluorescent strain of Escherichia coli (producing a green fluorescent protein) to simulate the fecal contamination of wetlands. Bacterial survival was monitored by measuring the fluorescence for 19 days. We found (i) that contaminated sediments did not release E. coli in the water column in lentic conditions and (ii) that monocultures of E. canadensis, M. aquatica and S. emersum reduced the E. coli concentration in the water column. This suggests that aquatic plant species may be used in constructed wetlands to clear surface freshwater from bacteria of fecal origin.

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