Non-Destructive Defect Detection of Apples by Spectroscopic and Imaging Technologies: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1765-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Lu ◽  
Renfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detection Quality ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Apples are susceptible to a wide range of defects that can occur in the orchard and during the post-harvest period. Detection of these defects by non-destructive sensing techniques is of great importance for the apple industry and has been an intensive research topic over the past two decades. This review presents an overview of common defects in apples, encompassing physiological disorders, mechanical damage, pathological disorders, and contamination. Presented and discussed in this review is research progress on the detection of defects in apples using various non-destructive spectroscopic and imaging techniques, including visible/near-infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging, monochromatic and color imaging, hyperspectral and multispectral imaging, x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, thermal imaging, time-resolved and spatially resolved spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, biospeckle imaging, and structured-illumination reflectance imaging. This review concludes with remarks on the prospects of these techniques and research needs in the future. Keywords: Apples, Defects, Imaging, Non-destructive detection, Quality, Safety, Spectroscopy.

Non-destructively sensing pork quality using near infrared multispectral imaging technique

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (116) ◽  
pp. 95903-95910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiping Huang ◽  
Huanhuan Li ◽  
Jiewen Zhao ◽  
Gengping Huang ◽  
Quansheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Non Destructive

Near infrared multispectral imaging system based on three wavebands—1280 nm, 1440 nm and 1660 nm—was developed for the non-destructive sensing of the tenderness and water holding capacity of pork.

Recent advancement in near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging techniques for quality and safety assessment of agricultural and food products in the China Agricultural University

NIR news ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhe Jiang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xinzhi Ni ◽  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Seung-Chul Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Non Destructive

Near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging are fast-growing, rapid, powerful, and non-destructive optical technologies that can be used especially in quality and safety control of agro-food products. The Non-destructive Detecting Laboratory for Agricultural and Food Products in the College of Engineering, China Agricultural University in Beijing, China, has engaged in research on sensing and characterizing agro-food quality and safety attributes with the latest optical methods including near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for over five years. In this report, some of our latest research and developments through multidisciplinary international collaborations will be highlighted to demonstrate our contributions to this near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging sensing area to improve non-destructive diagnosis and quality control of agricultural and food products.

Non-destructive Quality Monitoring of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Chauhan ◽  
S. Lakshmi ◽  
A. K. Pandey ◽  
N. Ravi ◽  
Natarajan Gopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Non Destructive

Quality determines the shelf life as well as selling price of fresh fruit or vegetable and therefore, quality monitoring and testing of fresh commodities have paramount importance in their postharvest handling and supply chain management. Most of the methods used to assess fruits and vegetables quality are destructive in nature. Now-a-days, various mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, and dynamic non-destructive methods are gaining importance due to ease in operations, faster turn over and reliability. Some of the non-destructive techniques (NDT) are currently being used in laboratories, research institutions and food packaging and processing industries, whereas, some methods are still at developmental stage. Various NDT with respect to their principle and applications such as impact test, electronic nose, time-resolved reflectance spectrometry (TSR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-Ray, ultra sonic, acoustic impulse response method, electrical conductivity methods etc., are discussed in this review.

scholarly journals A Multiwavelength Approach for the Study of Contemporary Painting Materials by Means of Fluorescence Imaging Techniques: An Integration to Spectroscopic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Margherita Longoni ◽  
Alessia Buttarelli ◽  
Marco Gargano ◽  
Silvia Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Infrared Luminescence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Contemporary Painting

Imaging methods based on visible luminescence induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are well consolidated in the investigation of ancient works of art, to map varnishes, retouches, and possibly some pigments. As far as contemporary art is involved, the wide range of synthetic materials, especially pigments, introduced from 1850 onwards, makes the possible application of the technique particularly challenging. Among the colouring substances used by artists in the 19th and 20th centuries, only cadmium-based pigments received attention due to their typical near-infrared luminescence. Nevertheless, the fluorescence emission exhibited by several synthetic pigments upon visible excitation was recently demonstrated and confirmed using UV radiation in the present work. The subsequent possibility of individuating such materials in paintings by ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) images was explored on mock-up painting samples of a wide series of pigments dispersed in oil or acrylic binder. Visible and infrared luminescence images obtained by irradiating with visible radiation (VIVF and VIL) were also collected. It was thus evidenced the possible advantage of the choice of a different excitation wavelength in discriminating between the contributions of pigment and binder. Finally, a recent oil painting on panel was also examined as case study.

scholarly journals Multi-spectral and Thermography Imaging Techniques for the Investigation of a 15th Century Wall Painting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ricci ◽  
Stefano Laureti ◽  
Hamed Malekmohammadi ◽  
Stefano Sfarra ◽  
Marcello Melis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
15Th Century

Abstract When planning the restoration of an artwork, the good practice involves the evaluation of the item healthiness before starting the common operation of cleaning, consolidation, etc., possibly through non-invasive techniques that supply meaningful information about the whole item. Motivated by this need, a plethora of imaging techniques are used in cultural heritage diagnostic typically borrowed from other applications – e.g. medical diagnostics, nondestructive testing, etc., and then tailored for inspecting cultural heritage objects. In the inspection of a painting, hyper- and multi- spectral techniques are commonly used to analyze the outer layers (varnish, pictorial and drawing) while X-ray, tomography, and many other can be employed to investigate its inner structure. Although highly desirable, a single technique providing all the info about a painting is still not available, thus it is of great interest defining protocols that could optimally exploit the complementarities of a limited number of techniques. To this aim, the present paper shows the combined use of the Hypecolorimetric Multispectral Imaging (HMI) and that of the Pulse-Compression Thermography (PuCT) on a 15th century wall painting attributed to the Italian artist Antonio del Massaro, also known as Pastura, and representing the Madonna with the Child and the Saints Jerome and Francis. In particular, HMI is a multispectral imaging method working from the ultraviolet to the near infrared region, exploiting advanced processing based on artificial intelligence to define hypercolorimetric coordinates. Such approach guarantees a thorough analysis of the outer layers, underlining previous restorations, varnish alterations and allowing the pigments to be classified from a comparison with a large database. The PuCT method adopted here has been tailored for the specific needs of artworks’ inspection and it allows for a safe imaging of the multilayer structure of paintings, and hence the stratigraphy analysis, through a suitable processing of the time-domain thermal response. The capabilities and the complementarities of the two techniques, whose info can also be fused through postprocessing techniques, are illustrated in detail in this paper. A false-color imaging approach is also proposed to improve the readability and analysis of the thermography results.

scholarly journals Application of Visible/Infrared Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging With Machine Learning Techniques for Identifying Food Varieties and Geographical Origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Baohua Wu ◽  
Susu Zhu ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Chu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Learning Techniques

Food quality and safety are strongly related to human health. Food quality varies with variety and geographical origin, and food fraud is becoming a threat to domestic and global markets. Visible/infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging techniques, as rapid and non-destructive analytical methods, have been widely utilized to trace food varieties and geographical origins. In this review, we outline recent research progress on identifying food varieties and geographical origins using visible/infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging with the help of machine learning techniques. The applications of visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectroscopy as well as hyperspectral imaging techniques on crop food, beverage, fruits, nuts, meat, oil, and some other kinds of food are reviewed. Furthermore, existing challenges and prospects are discussed. In general, the existing machine learning techniques contribute to satisfactory classification results. Follow-up researches of food varieties and geographical origins traceability and development of real-time detection equipment are still in demand.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for the Study, Conservation and Management of Rock Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayarri ◽  
Sebastián ◽  
Ripoll
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coloring Matter ◽  
Non Destructive

Paleolithic rock art is one of the most important cultural phenomena in the history of mankind. It was made by making incisions and/or applying natural pigments mixed with water or organic elements on a rock surface, which for millennia has been subjected to different factors of natural and anthropogenic alteration that have caused its deterioration and/or disappearance. The present paper shows a methodology that employs hyperspectral technology in the range of visible light and the near infrared spectrum, providing a scientific and non-destructive way to study, conserve and manage such a valuable cultural heritage. Recognition of coloring matter, formal recognition of the figures, superposition of forms and documentation of the state of conservation are relevant topics in rock art, and hyperspectral imaging technology is an efficient way to study them. The aim is to establish a method of creating pigment cartography and enhancing the visualization of rock art panels. Illumination sources, spectroradiometry measurements and camera adjustments must be taken into account to generate accurate results that later will be pre-processed to derive reflectance data, and then pigment analysis and enhanced visualization methods are applied. This methodology has allowed us to obtain 76% more figures than using traditional techniques throughout the case study area.

Non-Destructive Inspection of Insects in Chocolate Using near Infrared Multispectral Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Ma ◽  
Hikaru Kobori ◽  
Norihisa Katayama ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Non Destructive

Changes in whole tissue heme concentration dissociates muscle deoxygenation from muscle oxygen extraction during passive head-up tilt

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
Shunsaku Koga ◽  
Narihiko Kondo ◽  
Daniel T. Cannon ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Small Blood Vessel ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vessel Volume ◽  
Head Up Tilt

Skeletal muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentration ([HHb]), assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), is commonly used as a surrogate of regional O2 extraction (reflecting the O2 delivery-to-consumption ratio, Q̇/V̇o2). However, [HHb] change (Δ[HHb]) is also influenced by capillary-venous heme concentration, and/or small blood vessel volume (reflected in total heme; [THb]). We tested the hypotheses that Δ[HHb] is associated with O2 extraction, and insensitive to [THb], over a wide range of Q̇/V̇o2 elicited by passive head-up tilt (HUT; 10-min, 15° increments, between −10° and 75°). Steady-state common femoral artery blood flow (FBF) was measured by echo-Doppler, and time-resolved NIRS measured [HHb] and [THb] of vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GS) in 13 men. EMG confirmed muscles were inactive. During HUT in VL [HHb] increased linearly (57 ± 10 to 101 ± 16 μM; P < 0.05 above 15°) and was associated ( r2 ∼ 0.80) with the reduction in FBF (618 ± 75 ml/min at 0° to 268 ± 52 ml/min at 75°; P < 0.05 above 30°) and the increase in [THb] (228 ± 30 vs. 252 ± 32 μM; P < 0.05 above 15°). GS response was qualitatively similar to VL. However, there was wide variation within and among individuals, such that the overall limits of agreement between Δ[HHb] and ΔFBF ranged from −35 to +19% across both muscles. Neither knowledge of tissue O2 saturation nor vascular compliance could appropriately account for the Δ[HHb]-ΔFBF dissociation. Thus, under passive tilt, [HHb] is influenced by Q̇/V̇o2, as well as microvascular hematocrit and/or tissue blood vessel volume, complicating its use as a noninvasive surrogate for muscle microvascular O2 extraction.

scholarly journals Shedding light on the adult brain: a review of the clinical applications of near-infrared spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1955) ◽  
pp. 4452-4469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has potential as a non-invasive brain monitor in a wide range of clinical scenarios. In the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of clinical experience using NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation, particularly in cardiac surgery, where there is some evidence that NIRS-guided brain protection protocols might lead to a reduction in peri-operative neurological complications. There are no data to support the wider application of NIRS to monitor cerebral oxygenation during routine anaesthesia and surgery, and its application in brain injury, where it might be expected to have a key monitoring role, is as yet undefined. Technological developments, including the introduction of broadband and time-resolved spectrometers that are capable of reliably measuring changes in oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, offer real potential for a single NIRS-based device to provide multi-site, regional monitoring of cerebral metabolic status as well as oxygenation and haemodynamics.

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