scholarly journals Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a New Bin Filler for Apple Harvesting and In-Field Sorting Machine

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Anand Kumar Pothula ◽  
Renfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Sorting System

Abstract. The bin filler, which is used for filling the fruit container or bin with apples coming from the sorting system, plays a critical role in the self-propelled apple harvest and in-field sorting (HIS) machine that is being developed in our laboratory. Two major technical challenges in developing the bin filler are limited space in the HIS machine and high throughput. A literature review showed that despite many different types of bin fillers currently available for in-field use, none of them is suitable for the HIS machine because of their large size, use of the bin rotating design concept, and high unit cost. Effort has thus been made on the development of new bin filling technology for use with the HIS machine. The new bin filler mainly consists of a mechanical system with a pinwheel design and an automatic control system. A key innovation in the mechanical system is the use of two foam rollers to catch freely falling apples, which has greatly simplified the bin filler design and also made the system compact and lower in cost. The control system is mainly composed of an onboard Arduino microcontroller and three sensors (one infrared sensor and two Hall effect sensors) to monitor and measure the status of apples filling the bin as well as the rotational speed of the pinwheel. A program was developed for the Arduino microcontroller to record and process the data from the sensors in real-time to achieve automatic control of the bin filling. Laboratory tests with ‘Gala’ apples demonstrated that 97% of apples that had been handled by the new bin filler were rated Extra Fancy grade, and its performance exceeded the industry’s requirement for bruising damage to apples. Keywords: Apples, Automatic control, Bin filling, Bruising, Harvest, Sensors, Sorting and grading.

scholarly journals Results of Laboratory Studies of the Automated Sorting System for Root and Onion Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
Alexander Aksenov ◽  
Alexey Sibirev ◽  
Nikolay Sazonov ◽  
Maxim Mosyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Manual Sorting ◽  
Sorting System ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Automatic Removal

The roller and sieve machines most commonly used in Russia for the post-harvest processing of root and tuber crops and onions have a number of disadvantages, the main one being a decrease in the quality of sorting due to the contamination of working bodies, which increases the quantity of losses during sorting and storage. To obtain high-quality competitive production, it is necessary to combine a number of technological operations during the sorting process, such as dividing the material into classes and fractions by quality and size, as well as identifying and removing damaged products. In order to improve the quality of sorting of root tubers and onions by size, it is necessary to ensure the development of an automatic control system for operating and technological parameters, the use of which will eliminate manual sorting on bulkhead tables in post-harvest processing. To fulfill these conditions, the developed automatic control system must have the ability to identify the material on the sorting surface, taking into account external damage and ensuring the automatic removal of impurities. In this study, the highest sorting accuracy of tubers (of more than 91%) was achieved with a forward speed of 1.2 m/s for the conveyor of the sorting table, with damage to 2.2% of the tubers, which meets the agrotechnical requirements for post-harvest processing. This feature distinguishes the developed device from similar ones.

scholarly journals PROTOTYPE PENGONTROLAN SISTEM HIDROLIK PADA GUDANG BERBASIS ARDUINO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽  
Feizal Hazriel Maulana ◽  
Roy Denni Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensors ◽  
The World ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Arduino Uno

Along with the development of the automatic control the world of technology at this present time, making the control system automatically helps a person to ease his work. A lot out there who already using a wide variety of automatically working systems. Automatic control system now can make various kinds of variety such as controlling hydraulic system automatically to avoid flooding. This control is done using an Arduino microcontroller and ultrasonic sensors, which the microcontroller as input media program that will be in the process and ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance of the water level. The method used to design the hydraulic system uses a flowchart, The hardware used includes Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensors, Motor-drive (DC), Lamp LED, buzzer and several other electronic devices. The design of the hardware using the Arduino Uno as a medium to instill the program and software design were performed using of Arduino . Automatic control is intended to avoid damage to the goods caused by flooding.

scholarly journals Arduino-based Automatic Control System for Turn Signal and Brake Lights on Motorcycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Warsono Putra ◽  
Wawan Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
Position Sensor ◽  
Light Control ◽  
Turn Signal ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Brake Light ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller

The number of motorcycles circulating on Indonesian roads in 2018 reached 111,470,878 units. With this amount of traffic on the highway becomes congested and potentially high accidents. One of the factors causing the accident is the motorcycle rider's negligence in using turn signal and brake lights. This study aims to make a tool that works automatically to control the active and inactive brake lights and turn signal on a motorcycle. This tool was successfully developed and implemented using an arduino microcontroller and controller information was taken from the Throttle Position Sensor, Speed sensor, turn signal and brake light control switches. Jumlah sepeda motor yang beredar di jalan raya Indonesia pada 2018 mencapai 111.470.878 unit. Dengan jumlah ini lalu lintas di jalan raya menjadi padat dan rawan akan kecelakaan. Salah satu faktor penyebab kecelakaan adalah kelalaian pengendara sepeda motor dalam menggunakan lampu sein dan lampu rem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah alat yang bekerja secara otomatis untuk mengatur hidup dan matinya lampu rem dan lampu sein pada sepeda motor. Alat ini berhasil dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino dan informasi dari sensor seperti Throttle Position Sensor, Speed sensor, saklar lampu sein dan rem.

UNIVERSAL DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF A MACHINE AND TRACTOR AGGREGATES

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
А. Yu. Izmaylov ◽  
Ya. P. Lobachevskiy ◽  
V. К. Khoroshenkov ◽  
N. Т. Goncharov ◽  
S. E. Lonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Control And Management

The introduction of information and digital technologies that support and support all technological processes in the field is an urgent need for the development and implementation of such technology. An organisationally complex and financially intensive project is necessary because of the wide variety of economic entities that differ in the size of production, forms of ownership and socio-economic conditions of production. Automated information control system for mobile units agricultural enterprise provides those-Niko-economic performance, optimum capacity utilization through the use of timely and reliable information on technology. Machine and tractor aggregates are appertained as control objects with variable structure, which is explained by possibility of the system formation from tractor or field machines mobile units with various purposes: tillable, cultivatable, sowing, harvesting and etc. This MTA feature was determined creation of digital control systems of two groups of automatic control and management of the basic energy and operational parameters: tractors, machines and vehicles as part of MTA. To the first group are appertained the automatic control system of tractor motor component loading, motion speed, frictional sliding. To the second group – automatic regulation system of operating depth, seed rate, treatment of liquid combined fertilizers and crop protection agents, filling and driving of various MTA. Novelty of researches consists in methodology of the organization of the centralized control and management of various technological processes at carrying out field works.

Investigation of the stability of periodic motions in a nonlinear automatic control system based on the fast fourier transform

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
V.V. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
Periodic Motions ◽  
Multiply Connected ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Stability

An approach to the study of the stability of non-linear multiply connected systems of automatic control by means of a fast Fourier transform and the resonance phenomenon is considered.

A Review on Important Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Enzymes as Targets for Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghanbari ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh ◽  
Kiyanoush Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Increase Gene Expression

At the present time, cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There are various factors involved in the development of cancer, including genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and so on. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic factors have a critical role in the initiation and development of tumors. The histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs are important mechanisms that regulate the status of chromatin structure and this regulation leads to the control of gene expression. The histone acetylation is conducted by histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs), which are involved in transferring an acetyl group to conserved lysine amino acids of histones and consequently increase gene expression. On the basis of similarity in catalytic domains of HATs, these enzymes are divided into different groups such as families of GNAT, MYST, P300/CBP, SRC/P160, and so on. These enzymes have effective roles in apoptosis, signaling pathways, metastasis, cell cycle, DNA repair and other related mechanisms deregulated in cancer. Abnormal activation of HATs leads to uncontrolled amplification of cells and incidence of malignancy signs. This indicates that HAT might be an important target for effective cancer treatments, and hence there would be a need for further studies and designing of therapeutic drugs on this basis. In this study, we have reviewed the important roles of HATs in different human malignancies.

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