scholarly journals Preliminary non-invasive study of Roman glasses from Jesolo (Venice), Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cristina Cherian ◽  
Lavinia de Ferri ◽  
Giulio Pojana ◽  
Roberto Falcone ◽  
Alessandra Cianciosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Selection Of

Archaeological excavations at ‘Le Mure’ site (Jesolo, VE, Italy) have followed each other since the sixties, when the first evidence of an Early Medieval church (6th–7th century AD) was found under the ruins of a Medieval Cathedral (11th–12th AD). The last few years of investigations by Ca’Foscari University have led to the collection of large amounts of glass fragments, including many tesserae, dating between the 4th and the 12th centuries AD. A selection of glass fragments and mosaic tesserae taken from the excavations performed in 2013–14 at this site were studied by means of reflectance spectroscopy in order to identify their chromophore ions, in particular Cu0, Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, which were detected in both transparent and opaque samples. In addition, the use of high resolution close-up images allowed for the attribution of surface characteristics to specific manufacturing techniques, while glass chemistry was studied in order to group them into known compositional classes. This study, carried out by non-invasive analytical techniques that allowed for the acquisition of preliminary data, will prove useful in driving further methodologies involving other non-invasive and micro-invasive analysis in order to obtain archaeometric information that can be related to concurrent archaeological results.

Raport preliminar asupra cercetărilor desfăşurate la Reci-Doboika, jud. Covasna, un sit cu depuneri în gropi din epoca fierului/Preliminary report on the researches in Reci-Doboika (Covasna county) a 1st millennium BC site with deposits in pits

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-166
Author(s):  
Ștefan Maria-Magdalena ◽  
Buzea Dan ◽  
Ștefan Dan ◽  
Kovács Adela ◽  
Puskás József
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Grinding Stones ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Age Features ◽  
Selection Of

The article reports on recent geophysical investigations undertaken in the central part of Brașov Depression, in south-eastern Transylvania, at Reci (Covasna County), and offers preliminary information about a rescue excavation which was previously done in the vicinity of the newly prospected areas. A gradiometric survey and a series of magnetic susceptibility measurements were completed on a river terrace, nearby the site of Doboika, where 109 pits dating from various moments of the Iron Age and one from Eneolithic were researched in 2015 by the National Museum of Eastern Carpathians in Sfântu Gheorghe. Some of these pits had as content a certain selection of items’ categories which, despite changes in styling and manufacturing techniques due to time passing, could be recognized as a common model employed in three different stages of the Iron Age: 11th-10th c. BC (Gáva circle), 5th-4th c. BC and 1st c. BC – 1st c. AD (so-called Dacian period). Entire or almost entire vessels, grinding stones, weight looms, portable fireplaces or fragments of regular fireplaces, clay figurines, miniature vessels, flints and clay-disks were the commonest found functional classes of items. They allude to an intentional depositional practice with a longue-durée appeal and a strong location valorisation, a phenomenon well documented for other sites in the territory of ancient Thrace, too. Other pits contained only pottery fragments and remain harder to interpret. One of the pits delivered the skeleton of an entire dog. The non-invasive investigations showed the space occupied by pits is actually larger and very crowded, exhibiting also certain patterns in their spatial distribution, a tendency for intentional arrangement already noticed for the Late Iron Age features excavated in 2015. The results of the geophysical investigations corroborated with those of the archaeological dig from 2015 in Doboika can place.

In search of the camp of the IV Scythian legion near ancient Artaxata: research at Pokr Vedi 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 409-432
Author(s):  
Oskar Kubrak ◽  
Paulina Kubrak ◽  
Mkrtich H. Zardaryan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Geophysical Measurements ◽  
Selection Of

During the last years of Emperor Trajan’s reign, the Legio IV Scythica was stationed in the capital of Armenia at that time, Artaxata. It had made its way there within the scope of the Roman campaign against the Parthians. Its presence was immortalised on stamped rooftiles, bricks and a monumental inscription discovered by the southern border of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi. The inscription carved into limestone confirms the building activities of the Roman army. Similar inscriptions were frequently placed on the gates and most important buildings in legionary camps. Polish and Armenian archaeologists undertook a joint search for the supposed camp of the Fourth Scythian Legion in the vicinity of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi, where the above-mentioned construction inscription had been found. The field surveys conducted within the framework of the Pokr Vedi Project were mainly of a non-invasive character. The following were applied: surface prospection, aerial photography, interviews with the inhabitants, scanning of part of the terrain and geophysical measurements done using two methods: electrical resistivity and magnetic measurements. The accumulated data enabled the selection of sites in which survey trenches were located

scholarly journals The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3220
Author(s):  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez ◽  
María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Antonio Segura-Carretero
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.

scholarly journals Analytical Approach for the Study of Teotihuacan Mural Paintings from the Techinantitla Complex

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil ◽  
Luis Barba ◽  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Margarita Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 1960S

Techinantitla building complex, in the Amanalco neighborhood of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, is famous for the iconography and quality of the mural paintings found in this site. A significant part of this heritage has been lost due to looting. In recent years, an interdisciplinary research project was developed to study the limited patrimony that was left. As part of this study, we first employed geophysical techniques to reconstruct the architectural pattern of the compound’s remaining walls, where other paintings may still be found. Then, we applied a non-invasive methodology to characterize a large set of fragments recovered in the 1980s and to gain information on their pigments and manufacturing techniques. This methodology included False Color Infrared Imaging, X-ray Fluorescence and Fiber-Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, and led to the identification of hematite, calcite, malachite, azurite and an unidentified blue pigment. The results were compared with a previous study performed on a set of Techinantitla mural paintings looted in the 1960s. A broader comparison with contemporary mural paintings from other Teotihuacan complexes shows good agreement in the materials used. These results may suggest a standardization in the making of Teotihuacan mural painting during the Xolapan period (350 to 550 AD).

scholarly journals Characterization and Identification of Varnishes on Copper Alloys by Means of UV Imaging and FTIR

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Miriam Truffa Giachet ◽  
Julie Schröter ◽  
Laura Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Artificial Ageing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Uv Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Tools

The application of varnishes on the surface of metal objects has been a very common practice since antiquity, both for protective and aesthetic purposes. One specific case concerns the use of tinted varnishes on copper alloys in order to mimic gilding. This practice, especially flourishing in the 19th century for scientific instruments, decorative objects, and liturgical items, results in large museum collections of varnished copper alloys that need to be preserved. One of the main challenges for conservators and restorers deals with the identification of the varnishes through non-invasive and affordable analytical techniques. We hereby present the experimental methodology developed in the framework of the LacCA and VERILOR projects at the Haute École ARC of Neuchâtel for the identification of gold varnishes on brass. After extensive documentary research and analytical campaigns on varnished museum objects, various historic shellac-based varnishes were created and applied by different methods on a range of brass substrates with different finishes. The samples were then characterized by UV imaging and infrared spectroscopy before and after artificial ageing. The comparative study of these two techniques was performed for different thicknesses of the same varnish and for different shellac grades in order to implement an identification methodology based on simple non-invasive examination and analytical tools, which are accessible to conservators.

scholarly journals A comparison of annual layer thickness model estimates with observational measurements using the Berkner Island ice core, Antarctica

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-393
Author(s):  
A. Massam ◽  
S.B. Sneed ◽  
G.P. Lee ◽  
R.R. Tuckwell ◽  
R. Mulvaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Chemical Profiles

AbstractA model to estimate the annual layer thickness of deposited snowfall at a deep ice core site, compacted by vertical strain with respect to depth, is assessed using ultra-high-resolution laboratory analytical techniques. A recently established technique of high-resolution direct chemical analysis of ice using ultra-violet laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) has been applied to ice from the Berkner Island ice core, and compared with results from lower resolution techniques conducted on parallel sections of ice. The results from both techniques have been analysed in order to assess the capability of each technique to recover seasonal cycles from deep Antarctic ice. Results do not agree with the annual layer thickness estimates from the age–depth model for individual samples <1 m long as the model cannot reconstruct the natural variability present in annual accumulation. However, when compared with sections >4 m long, the deviation between the modelled and observational layer thicknesses is minimized to within two standard deviations. This confirms that the model is capable of successfully estimating mean annual layer thicknesses around analysed sections. Furthermore, our results confirm that the LA ICP-MS technique can reliably recover seasonal chemical profiles beyond standard analytical resolution.

Early non-invasive selection of patients at high risk of severe hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Crespo ◽  
M. Gambato ◽  
O. Millán ◽  
G. Casals ◽  
P. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Hepatitis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hepatitis C Recurrence ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of
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