scholarly journals Short Communication: A comparative study of phenotypes and starch production in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) growing naturally in temporarily inundated and non inundated areas of South Sorong, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126
Author(s):  
TOMAS YATER ◽  
HERMAN WAFOM TUBUR ◽  
CIPTA MELIALA ◽  
BARAHIMA ABBAS

Abstract. Yater T, Tubur HW, Meliala C, Abbas B. 2019. Short Communication:  A comparative study of phenotypes and starch production in sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) growing naturally in temporarily inundated and non-inundated areas of South Sorong, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20:  1121-1126. Sago palm forests and sago palm semi cultivation are generally spread in swampy areas, seasonally inundated areas and non-inundated areas. The objectives of this study are to determine and compare the phenotypes of and starch production by sago palms growing naturally in the temporarily inundated areas (TIA type) and non-inundated areas (WIA type) in South Sorong District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Sago palms of both habitats were found to be the same variety based on analysis of vernacular names and general characteristics. Comparison of morphological characters related to starch production of TIA and WIA types showed that there were no significant differences between the two studied types. The distribution of starch along the sago trunk was observed to be uneven, higher starch accumulation was found in the middle part of the trunk which was significantly different from the lower and upper parts of the trunk.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barahima Abbas

Adaptive evolution implies evolutionary shifts within an organism which make it suitable and adaptable for its environment. Genetic resources of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) populations in Indonesia were explicated as follows: (1) Characters of sago palm in Indonesia were shown varied based on cpDNA markers and large variation based on RAPD markers. (2) Variation of starch production of sago palm correlated with Wx genes variation, (3) Distances barrier and geographies isolation in line of sago palm dispersions in Indonesia (4) Characteristics of genetic were observed does not related with vernacular names those were given by local people (5) Papua islands, Indonesia territorial is proposed the center of sago palm diversities, (6) Papua islands, Sulawesi islands and Kalimantan islands will be the provenance of the diversities (7) Genetic improvement of sago palm might enhanced using molecular marker that link to interesting genes by developing marker-assisted breeding.


Author(s):  
Darma Darma ◽  
Reniana Reniana ◽  
Arbianto Arif Moh.

Papua and West Papua Province have the large potential of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu), however, until now the production and utilization is very low compared with its potential. This is because of most farmers in this area still use traditional method in processing sago.  The traditional method is labour intensive and time consuming process.  Sago farmers in this area still apply traditional ways to process sago starch due to the lack of processing machines. The objective of this research was to conduct field testing of sago processing  machine produced by Agroindustry Machinery Workshop of Papua University. The machines that have been tested consist of cylinder type sago rasping machine and stirrer rotary blade sago starch extraction machine. The machine’s performance under field condition was evaluated by measuring parameters (a) rasping capacity, (b) extraction capacity, (c) starch percentage, (d) starch yield and (e) starch loss in waste. Results showed that all parts of the machine are functioning properly and farmers can easily operate the machine.  The performances of the machines under field condition were (a) rasping capacity 1,159. 8 kg/hour, (b) extraction capacity 243.8 kg/hour, (c) starch percentage 38.26 %, (d) starch yield 93 kg/hour   and (e) starch loss in waste 1.03 %.   Keywords: cylinder type, field test, rasping machine, sago processing, starch percentage


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Meilisa Nusawakan ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Marcus Luhukay

This study aims to map the condition of land where sago plant grows, to determine the suitability level of sago plant land and to describe the potential of sago and sago consumption patterns by the community. The method used in this research is survey method with distance observation free survey and pit profile observation type. The condition of the land where sago plants grow is quite good. The types of sago found are sagu tuni (Metroxylon rumphii Mart.), Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre Mart.) And sagu molat (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). The size of sago palm in Rumahkay Village is 55.5 Ha, the average number of cutting trees (MT) 24 trees / Ha / yr with average production of wet starch per tree sebesr 700 kg. Total dry starch production at the study site was 449.55 tons. The pattern of community consumption of sago 10 percent, the combination of sago, tuber and banana by 20 percent, the combination of sago, tubers, bananas and rice by 55 percent and rice 10 percent. Types of confectionery and food based sago starch consumed is papeda, sago plate, sinoli and karu-karu. Frequency and time to eat sago as main food and food complement of 65% is as much as 2 times in a day that is time of morning and afternoon. Then 3 times as much as 25% and once as much as 10%. In general, people who consume sago once a day is at breakfast or afternoon in the form of snacks (sago plate, sinoli, karu-karu). Keywords: condition, land, sago   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kondisi lahan tempat tumbuh tumbuhan sagu, menetapkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan tumbuhan sagu serta mendeskripsikan potensi sagu dan pola konsumsi sagu oleh masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan jarak observasi survei bebas dan tipe observasi profil pit. Kondisi lahan tempat tumbuh tumbuhan sagu tergolong baik. Jenis sagu yang ditemukan adalah sagu Tuni (Metroxylon rumphii Mart.), sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre Mart.) dan sagu Molat (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). Luas lahan sagu di Desa Rumahkay adalah 55,5 Ha, rata-rata jumlah pohon masak tebang (MT) 24 pohon/Ha/thn dengan rata-rata produksi pati basah per pohon sebesr 700 kg. Total produksi pati kering pada lokasi penelitian adalah 449,55 ton. Pola konsumsi masyarakat terhadap sagu 10 persen, kombinasi sagu, umbian dan pisang sebesar 20 persen, kombinasi sagu, umbian, pisang dan beras sebesar 55 persen serta beras 10 persen. Jenis penganan dan pangan berbahan dasar pati sagu yang dikonsumsi adalah papeda, sagu lempeng, sinoli dan karu-karu. Frekwensi dan waktu makan sagu sebagai pangan utama maupun pangan pelengkap sebesar 65% adalah sebanyak 2 kali dalam sehari yaitu waktu pagi dan siang. Kemudian 3 kali sebanyak 25% dan satu kali sebanyak 10%. Pada umumnya mereka yang mengkonsumsi sagu satu kali dalam sehari adalah pada saat sarapan pagi atau sore hari dalam bentuk penganan (sagu lempeng, sinoli, karu-karu). Kata kunci: kondisi, lahan, sagu


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Veronica Fathnoer ◽  
Mochamad Hasjim Bintoro ◽  
Iskandar Lubis

Sago palm has the highest starch content compared to the other source of carbohydrate crops such as cereal and tuberous crops. Sago palm can produce about 200-400 kg per trunk after 7 to 10 years. This research aimed to characterize several sago palm accessions in Aimas, Sorong District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Eight sago palm accessions were studied, Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk, Wagelik, Wanegles, Wawun and Wafabala. Among these accessions, there were many diff erences based on trunk morphological characteristics which includes trunk height, diameter, circumference, and bark thickness, leaf number, length of rachis, length of petiole, and spine. Five accessions with potential yield of more than 200 kg dry starch per sago trunk are Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk and Wagelik. Stem morphological characters aff ect palm sago production, because the starch is located in the pith of the stem.


Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Fendri Ahmad ◽  
Mochamad Hasjim Bintoro ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno

<p>Sago is a carbohydrate-producing palm witharea about 382.198 ha in Mimika Regency. So far, research on the characterization of sago palm in this area has not existed, therefore it is necessary to do. The diversity of sago accessions in Mimika District is expected to be a source of germplasm and superior sago selection to support sago development. This study aims to obtain information about morphological characters and starch production of some sago accessions. The study was conducted using observation method of seven sago accessions, namely Mbupuri, Monepikiri, Mbapare, Tuwae, Aute, Iyaremeta and Bakaketemeta in Iwaka District, Mimika Regency, Papua Province. The result showed that the seven accessions sago differed based on morphological character namely stem, leaves and spine, and starch production. The Monepikiri accession has the longest stem and large stem diametre, namely 13.75 m and 59.00 cm, respectively. Accession Mbupuri has more leaves and wider leaves than the others. Accession Monepikiri has a production potential of more than 300 kg’s dried starch/palm and accession Mbupuri more than 200 kg’s dried starch/palm. Both accessions of this sago can be further investigated the stability of yield starch to be released as superior varieties. The morphological characters, especially the length of the stem affect the starch production because the starch is present in the pith of the stem.</p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Sagu merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat dengan luas areal di Kabupaten Mimika 382.198 ha. Penelitian tentang karakterisasi aksesi sagu di Kabupaten ini belum ada, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan. Keragaman aksesi sagu di Kabupaten Mimika diharapkan menjadi sumber plasma nutfah sagu, dan untuk seleksi sagu unggul untuk menunjang pengembangan sagu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter morfologi dan produksi pati beberapa aksesi sagu. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi terhadap tujuh aksesi sagu, yaitu Mbupuri, Monepikiri, Mbapare, Tuwae, Aute, Iyaremela dan Bakaketemeta. Penelitian dilakukan di Distrik Iwaka, Kabupaten Mimika, Provinsi Papua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketujuh aksesi tersebut berbeda karaktermorfologinya, yaitu  batang, daun dan duri. Aksesi Monepikiri memiliki batang yang paling panjang dan diameter paling besar berturut-turut, yaitu 13,75 cm dan 59,00 cm. Aksesi Mbupuri memiliki jumlah daun paling banyak dan daun paling luas.Aksesi Monepikiri memiliki potensi produksi lebih dari 300 kg pati kering/pohon dan aksesi Mbupuri &gt;200 kg pati kering/pohon. Kedua aksesi ini dapat diteliti lebih lanjut kestabilan hasilnya untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul. Karakter morfologi khususnya panjang batang mempengaruhi produksi, karena pati terdapat dalam empulur batang.</p>


Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Darma

Papua and West Papua Provinces have a very large potential of sago. Approximately 994.000 hectares, mostly natural sago forest was existed in these areas. Sago starch has long been important source of nutrition throughout Papua. Product of sago palm is not only starch as source of carbohydrate for foodstuff, but also for basic material of industries such as paper, plywood, hardboard, and food industries. Traditional sago processing have been done by local people was very labourish and inefficient. The effort to increase sago starch production could be carry out by introducing mechanical sago processing equipment. The objective of this research was to modify cylinder type of sago rasper powered by internal combustion engine. The result was variant-1 of mechanical sago rasper. In general, most component of variant-1 almost the same with former prototype except the size of cylinder�s teeth. Variant-1 has bigger cylinder�s teeth than former prototype one. The performance of variant-1 are (1) effective rasper capacity 418 kg per hour, (2) percentage of starch yield was 38,23%, and (3) starch losses in hampas is 4%.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Ivan N. Ivanov ◽  
Vilém Zachleder ◽  
Milada Vítová ◽  
Maria J. Barbosa ◽  
Kateřina Bišová

An increase in temperature can have a profound effect on the cell cycle and cell division in green algae, whereas growth and the synthesis of energy storage compounds are less influenced. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, laboratory experiments have shown that exposure to a supraoptimal temperature (39 °C) causes a complete block of nuclear and cellular division accompanied by an increased accumulation of starch. In this work we explore the potential of supraoptimal temperature as a method to promote starch production in C. reinhardtii in a pilot-scale photobioreactor. The method was successfully applied and resulted in an almost 3-fold increase in the starch content of C. reinhardtii dry matter. Moreover, a maximum starch content at the supraoptimal temperature was reached within 1–2 days, compared with 5 days for the control culture at the optimal temperature (30 °C). Therefore, supraoptimal temperature treatment promotes rapid starch accumulation and suggests a viable alternative to other starch-inducing methods, such as nutrient depletion. Nevertheless, technical challenges, such as bioreactor design and light availability within the culture, still need to be dealt with.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yerong Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Xuan Gao ◽  
Jiqi Sun ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ji ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Duckweed is considered a promising feedstock for bioethanol production due to its high biomass and starch production. The starch content can be promoted by plant growth regulators after the vegetative reproduction being inhibited. Maleic hydrazide (MH) has been reported to inhibit plant growth, meantime to increase biomass and starch content in some plants. However, the molecular explanation on the mechanism of MH action is still unclear. Results To know the effect and action mode of MH on the growth and starch accumulation in Spirodela polyrrhiza 7498, the plants were treated with different concentrations of MH. Our results showed a substantial inhibition of the growth in both fronds and roots, and increase in starch contents of plants after MH treatment. And with 75 µg/mL MH treatment and on the 8th day of the experiment, starch content was the highest, about 40 mg/g fresh weight, which is about 20-fold higher than the control. The I2-KI staining and TEM results confirmed that 75 µg/mL MH-treated fronds possessed more starch and big starch granules than that of the control. No significant difference for both in the photosynthetic pigment content and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of PII was found. Differentially expressed transcripts were analyzed in S. polyrrhiza 7498 after 75 µg/mL MH treatment. The results showed that the expression of some genes related to auxin response reaction was down-regulated; while, expression of some genes involved in carbon fixation, C4 pathway of photosynthesis, starch biosynthesis and ABA signal transduction pathway was up-regulated. Conclusion The results provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of growth inhibition and starch accumulation by MH treatment, and provide a selective way for the improvement of starch production in duckweed.


Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidil Azhar ◽  
Daigo Makihara ◽  
Hitoshi Naito ◽  
Hiroshi Ehara

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