Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters

Abstract. Sungkawati M, Hidayati L, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2019. Phenetic analysis of Curcuma spp. in Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on morphological and anatomical characters. Biodiversitas 20: 2340-2347. Curcuma spp., also known as ginger (Zingiberaceae), has economic value in traditional medicine. However, its many morphological variations cause difficulties in identification and classification. Therefore, observation of its morphological and anatomical characteristics, and of the phenetic relationships between Curcuma species, is important. This research aims to determine the specific characteristics of Curcuma spp. and to examine its phenetic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. The research was conducted in July 2018-February 2019 in the Bantul, Gunungkidul, Sleman and Karanganyar regions. Observation of the anatomical characteristics was conducted on the leaves and rhizomes and the data analyzed according to descriptive and quantitative/numerical methods. Clustering analysis with the Gower General Similarity Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in groupings. The results of the research found seven species from 23 OTUs observed (C. aeruginosa, C. domestica, C. manga and C. xanthorrhiza, each with four OTUs; C. soloensis and C. zedoaria, with three OTUs each; and C. heyneana with one OTU) and showed that specific morphological characteristics were found in the flesh color rhizome, pseudostem color and midrib color. Specific anatomical characteristics were evident in the secretion cell color and the presence of trichomes on the leaves and rhizomes. The dendrogram shows a 0.70 phenon line consisting of two groups, group A (C. soloensis and C. domestica) fused in a 0.760 similarity index, and group B (C. aeruginosa, C. mangga, C. heyneana, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza and C. zedoaria) fused in a 0.654 similarity index, which means that C. soloensis and C. domestica have a close phenetic relationship. The 0.80 phenon line consisted of five groups: C. domestica, C. soloensis, C. xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria-C. mangga-C. heyneana and C. aeruginosa.

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Spikemoss flora (Selaginella) in Mindanao Island, the Philippines: species composition and phenetic analysis of morphological variations

10.26757/pjsb.2018a12007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Species ◽

Species Composition ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Philippines ◽

Phenetic Analysis ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Diverse Species ◽

Phenetic Relationships

The genus Selaginella, commonly referred to as spikemosses, is an important component of the Philippines’ lycophytes diversity. Mountain ecosystems in Mindanao island hold diverse species of lycophytes, however the morpho-taxonomy diversity of this group is poorly documented there. The study aimed to determine Selaginella species richness, distribution and phenetic relationships based on morphological characteristics in Mindanao island. Specimens of Selaginella were collected in Mt. Apo, Kidapawan City; Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental; Mt. Kiamo, Mt. Kitanglad, Mt. Musuan and Mt. Limbawon in Bukidnon; Mt. Timpoong, Camiguin; and Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental. The 24 Selaginella species were collected and subjected to numerical phenetic analysis using the PC-ORD program. A total of 11 morphological characters and 44 character states were used in the analyses. Of the 24 species, seven are Philippine endemics, four are potential new species and two species are widely distributed in the areas studied. Results of the phenetic analysis showed four major clusters.

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Morphological variability of acorns and its taxonomic significance in Quercus. from Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Bakis ◽

MT Babaç

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Quercus Species ◽

Different Populations

Morphological variations of acorn among and within the groups of Quercus species were studied. A total of 617 acorns belonging to 14 species representing all 3 sections of Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in Turkey were examined in this study. Specimens were collected from 47 different populations over both Anatolian and Thrace part of Turkey. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of acorns. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the use of morphological characters in differentiating the taxa of Quercus and Cerris sections studied. Another important finding is the introgression among the acorns of species within Quercus section DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 293-299, 2014 (December)

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Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Taxonomic Importance ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract This paper reports on the assessment of morphological (macro and micro) and anatomical characters of seeds of Romulea taxa distributed in Turkey with the use of oneway analysis of variance, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Morphological characteristics such as size, shape, color and surface of seeds were examined with the use of light and scanning electron microscopes. Thicknesses of testa and phytomelan layer, sizes of embryo in seeds were studied anatomically. The outcomes revealed that taxa were similar in some aspects such as color and shape of seeds. However, seed size, thickness of testa and phytomelan layer, shape of the epidermal cells in testa and sizes of embryo were different among taxa, and have taxonomic value in the distinction of these taxa from each other. In addition, the seed surfaces were more or less different for the examined taxa on an interspecific level. Consequently, seed morphology and anatomy with a few exceptions demonstrated diversity and they had taxonomic importance in terms of distinguishing among species.

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MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL ORCHID THELYMITRA JAVANICA BLUME (ORCHIDACEAE: ORCHIDOIDEAE) IN MOUNT ARJUNO, LAWU, AND SUMBING, JAVA – INDONESIA

Floribunda ◽

10.32556/floribunda.v6i1.2018.221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

I Made Saka Wijaya ◽

Budi Setiadi Daryono ◽

Purnomo Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Euclidean Distance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Distinct Population ◽

Terrestrial Orchid ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Phenetic Relationships ◽

Root Tuber ◽

Similarity Algorithm

I Made Saka Wijaya, Budi Setiadi Daryono & Purnomo. 2018. Variasi Morfologi Anggrek Tanah Thelymitra javanica Blume (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) di G. Arjuno, G. Lawu dan G. Sumbing, Jawa-Indonesia. Floribunda 6(1): 22–31. — Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi morfologi dan kekerabatan fenetik dari T. javanica dari ketiga gunung tersebut. Tiga belas sampel dikoleksi dari sepanjang jalur pendakian. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan terhadap organ akar, umbi, daun, tangkai perbungaan, braktea, bunga, buah dan biji. Dendrogram dibangun dengan metoda kluster UPGMA dengan algoritma “Percent’s Similarity”. Sedangkan analisis PCA dilakukan dengan algoritma “Euclidean Distance” menggunakan perangkat lunak MVSP v.3.1. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa variasi morfologi jenis T. javanica tergolong plastis dalam hal ukuran dan warna, terutama warna tangkai perbungaan, mahkota, labelum, ovarium dan rangka ovarium, yang dapat digunakan untuk membedakan populasi atau ekotipe.Kata kunci: Ekotipe, Orchidaceae, fenetik, plastisitas, Thelymitra javanica. I Made Saka Wijaya, Budi Setiadi Daryono & Purnomo. 2018. Morphological Variations of Terrestrial Orchid Thelymitra javanica Blume (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) in Mount Arjuno, Lawu, and Sumbing, Java- Indonesia. Floribunda 6(1): 22–31. — The aims of this study were to observe morphological variations and phenetic relationships of T. javanica from the three mountains. Thirteen samples were colected along the tracking routes, morphological observation was based on character of root, tuber, leaf, peduncle, floral bract, flower, fruit, and seed. The data were compile descriptively to identify variations that subsequently scored. Dendrogram were constructed by UPGMA clastering method with Percent’s Similarity algorithm, while Principal Component Analysis was done with Euclidean Distance algorithm using MVSP v.3.1. software. The result shows that morphological variations of T. javanica is found to be plastis for size and color, especially color of peduncle, petals, labellum, ovary, and ovary ribs that can be used to separate distinct population or ecotype.Keywords: Ecotype, Orchidaceae, phenetic, plasticity, Thelymitra javanica

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Variations and Phenetic Analysis of Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Based on Morphological Characteristics

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/jtbb.39390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Purnomo Purnomo ◽

Nurul Khotimah

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Pair Group ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Peanut Cultivars

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a food commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. At present there has been no analysis of the relationship between peanut cultivars with phenetic methods based on the morphological properties of the plants. Four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. Tuban, Talam 1, Talam 2, and Talam 3 used in this research. Morphological characters data was analyzed by description to construct identification key. Similarity index was counted by Simple Matching Coefficient (SSm) formula based on morphological scoring. Cluster analysis was conducted by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Averages) method to construct dendrogram. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) were performed to defined role of each morphological character in grouping of accessions with MVSP (Multivariate Statistical Program) v. 3.1 software. The dendrogram showed that four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. divided into two main clusters, 4 sub-clusters. The similarity index of clusters is 0.85%.

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Stomatal and anatomical leaf characteristics of 10 Populus clones

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-076 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Ceulemans ◽

I. Impens ◽

V. Steenackers

Keyword(s):

Leaf Surface ◽

Principal Component ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Volume Data ◽

Stomatal Frequency ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Place Of Origin ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

Stomatal Length

Stomatal characteristics (frequency and length of stomata on adaxial and abaxial leaf surface) and anatomical characteristics (thickness of epidermal, palisade, and spongy layers) of field-grown plants of Populus clones, six of American, two of European, and two of Euramerican origin, were studied. All clones except one were amphistomatous and all clones had most stomata on the abaxial leaf surface. In all clones the spongy parenchyma layer was thicker than the palisade layer. Stomatal and anatomical characteristics varied significantly among clones. Both cluster analysis and principal-component analysis, utilizing mean clonal values of stomatal and anatomical characters as independent variables, indicated that these characteristics were related to place of origin and to parentage. Different groupings of the clones were observed on the basis of abaxial stomatal length and total stomatal frequency. Abaxial and mean stomatal length were significantly correlated with yield (represented by stem volume data), but relationships between other characteristics and yield were not significant.

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MORFOLOGI DAN ANATOMI Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. var. puspita nusantara dan var. tirta ayunisertaChrysanthemum indicum L.var. mustika kaniya

Al-Hayat: Journal of Biology and Applied Biology ◽

10.21580/ah.v2i2.4660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Isvana Dalaila ◽

Kusrinah Kusrinah ◽

Lianah Lianah

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemum including ornamental plant commodities are much-loved community. Chrysanthemum has a high economic value and potential to be developed. The diversity of morphological and anatomical characters is not currently widely practiced. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of C. morifolium Ramat. var. puspitanusantara, and var. tirtaayuni and C. indicum L. var. mustikakaniya. Sampling by purposive random. The study was conducted in May - June 2017 in Kenteng Village, Bandungan District, Semarang District. The results showed that the results showed that C. morifolium Ramat var. puspitanusantara and var. tirtaayuni and C. indicum L. var. mustikakaniya have variations of morphology, especially on leaves and flowers, variations in leaf organ form, and base. Variations of flowering organs include the number of flowers per stem, the number of ribbon flowers, and the freshness of the flower. Anatomical characters based on tissue arrangement of stem and leaf organs have similarities.

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Application of Principal Component Analysis in distinguishing three species of ‘jernang’ (Daemonorops spp.)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 918 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

R Andini ◽

L A Yanti ◽

S Rasnovi ◽

M I Sulaiman ◽

R Moulana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Field Performance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Forest Products ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Land Area ◽

Animal Products ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

The Past ◽

Non Timber Forest Products

Abstract The province of Aceh at the northern tip of Sumatra has a total area of 5,75 million hectares. Its forest resources are considerably extensive as 60% of its total land area is still considered as ‘forest area’. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) are defined as any wild plant and animal products harvested from forests, e.g., ‘jernang’ or dragon blood (Daemonorops spp.). It is classified as one of the valuable NTFP’s harvested from the forests in Aceh. Its morphological features resemble that of rattan (Calamus spp.), both of which belong to Aracaceae. The red resin of Daemonorops spp. is highly valued in Chinese medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-hemostatic properties. Almost 112 species of Daemonorops spp. exist. However, only 10% produces the red resin. Daemonorops draco, D. mattanensis, D. didymophylla are considered to have significant economic values. Over the past decade, a farmer living in central and western Aceh has cultivated dragon blood plants in small farms and sold the seedlings. In this study, the morphological variations of dragon blood (N=11) from Kuta Panang in central Aceh were assessed, and the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were applied in order to distinguish the three species. Up to 92% of total variations were significantly explained with PC1, while the remaining were explained with PC2. Among the three species measured with PCA, Daemonorops draco or known as super ‘jernang’, appeared to have more distinctive morphological characteristics, e.g., fruit-, and stem diameter, as well as a number of fruit per trunk. These characteristics would contribute to better yield and field performance.

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Identification of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in Liwa Botanical Garden Based on Leaf Morphological Characters

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/jtbb.59423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59423

Author(s):

Mahfut Mahfut ◽

Tundjung Tripeni Handayani ◽

Sri Wahyuningsih ◽

Sukimin Sukimin

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Phenetic Relationships ◽

Leaf Arrangement ◽

Index Value ◽

Character Classification

Orchid is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world. One of the orchid genera that is collected in a large number and known to have high morphological variations in the Liwa Botanical Garden is Dendrobium. However, to date, many Dendrobium collections have not been identified. Given the urgency of identification and the limitations of specimens in the field, especially flower organs, this study is important. This study aims to determine variations in morphological characters, phenetic relationships, and to identify Dendrobium collections based on leaf morphological characters in the Liwa Botanical Garden. Five accessions of Dendrobium were collected, namely CAT140, CAT 144, CAT 271, CAT 274, and IR015. Observation of 11 morphological characters leaves showed that leaf had high variations. The phenetic relationship based on the Gower similarity value and the UPGMA method shows that the Dendrobium in the Liwa Botanical Garden can be classified into 2 main groups formed with a similarity index value of 0.813. Based on Principle Component analysis values, it is known that the characters that have a large influence on grouping are the ratio of leaf length and width, leaf cross section, and leaf arrangement. The phenetic dendrogram topology is supported by the morphological character classification. The results of this study are expected to be basic information in the identification of natural orchids and conservation efforts in the Liwa Botanical Garden.

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Variation on morphology and spore characters of Dicranopteris and Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) from Rokan Hulu District, Riau, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Afni Atika Marpaung ◽

Ratna Susandarini

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Phenetic Relationships ◽

The Family ◽

Taxonomic Approach

Abstract. Marpaung AA, Susandarini R. 2021. Variation on morphology and spore characters of Dicranopteris and Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) from Rokan Hulu District, Riau. Biodiversitas 22: 4475-4486. Dicranopteris and Sticherus are genera in the family Gleicheniaceae which have unique habits and distinctively specific growth with the presence of a bud on the forking branches. This study aims to reveal the species diversity of Gleicheniaceae members found in the forest area of Bukit Suligi Tandun, Rokan Hulu District, Riau and to document variations in their morphological characters and spores. Eleven collections were obtained from the exploration in the study area. The identification of plant specimens showed that these eleven taxa consisted of Dicranopteris curranii, Dicranopteris speciosa, seven varieties of Dicranopteris linearis, and two varieties of Sticherus truncatus. Seven varieties within D. linearis were D. linearis var. linearis, D. linearis var. alternans, D. linearis var. altissima, D. linearis var. demota, D. linearis var. inaequalis, D. linearis var. subspeciosa, and D. linearis var. tetraphylla. The only one species of Sticherus found was S. truncatus which consisted of two varieties, namely S. truncatus var. truncata and S. truncatus var. involuta. Morphological characters were observed from fertile specimens, while spore characters were observed from spore microscopic slides prepared using acetolysis method. There were 42 morphological characters and spores examined and used as the basis for determining the phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results of cluster analysis showed the formation of two clusters that clearly separated the genus Sticherus from Dicranopteris. The three species of Dicranopteris were also clearly separated from each other in different sub-clusters. The result of principal component analysis indicated characters that contribute to the grouping of the eleven taxa and was able to explain the distinguishing characters in each group recognized from the cluster analysis. Overall, the results of this study contributed to documenting in detail the morphological variations in sporophyte and spore characters in eleven taxa of Dicranopetris and Sticherus, as well as proving the role of morphological and spore characters in the classification and defining phenetic relationships using numerical taxonomic approach.

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