The abundance of canopy arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp main and ratooned rice applied with bioinsecticides and synthetic insecticide

Abstract. Prabawati G, Herlinda S, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. A comparative study on the arboreal arthropod abundance of rice fields between applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin in the freshwater swamp of South Sumatra, Indonesia (Study case in the main and ratoon rice fields). Biodiversitas 20: 2921-2930. Ratoon rice has been cultivated by local farmers in South Sumatra and can be a source of habitat and niches for the main rice arthropods. The study aimed to compare the abundance of arthropods between main and rationed rice field applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin. This study used bioinsecticides from fungi of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps militaris and control using abamectin. Arboreal arthropods sampled using a sweep net. The abundance of arthropods in the main rice tends to be higher than in ratoon. Spiders found during the two rice seasons were Araneidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiosomatidae, while predatory insects found were Mantidae, Coenagrionidae, Staphylinidae, Anthicidae, Latridiidae, Formicidae, Coccinellidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Miridae, Carabidae. The fungal bioinsecticides did not reduce the predatory arthropod abundance but the abamectin caused a decrease in the abundance of all guilds. The most drastic decrease was found in web-building spiders. The movement of hunting spiders and the predatory insects of the main to ratoon rice was faster than that of web-building spiders. The existence of ratoon rice could become habitats and niches for arthropods from the main rice. For this reason, controlling the herbivore insects could use bioinsecticides derived from entomopathogenic fungi.

Download Full-text

Herbivore insects and predatory arthropods in freshwater swamp rice field in South Sumatra, Indonesia sprayed with bioinsecticides of entomopathogenic fungi and abamectin

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Herlinda ◽

Ghanni Prabawati ◽

Yulia Pujiastuti ◽

Susilawati Susilawati ◽

Tili Karenina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Rice Field ◽

Block Design ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Synthetic Insecticide ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Freshwater Swamp ◽

Predatory Insects ◽

Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Herlinda S, Prabawati G, Pujiastuti Y, Susilawati, Karenia T, Hasbi, Irsan C. 2020. Herbivore insects and predatory arthropods in freshwater swamp rice field in South Sumatra, Indonesia sprayed with bioinsecticides of entomopathogenic fungi and abamectin. Biodiversitas 21: 3755-3768. Herbivore insect population and predatory arthropods in rice field may be effected by the application entomopathogenic fungi or synthetic insecticide. The objective of this research was to analyze individual quantity of herbivore insects and predatory arthropod inhabiting freshwater swamp rice fields treated with bioinsecticides and abamectin (commercial insecticide). This research was conducted in the freshwater swamp rice field located in Village Pelabuhan Dalam, Sub District Pemulutan, District Ogan Ilir, and South Sumatra. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design consisted of four plots of treatment. The research used the bioinsecticides made from entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps military), and abamectin. Sampling to collect arthropods inhabiting rice canopy was also conducted using an entomological net in the study locations. This research found 12 families of herbivore insects with 22 species dominated by Nilaparvata lugens and Leptocorisa acuta and 32 species of spider belonged to eight families dominated by Tetragnatha virescens and Oxyopes matiensis. The species diversity of spider was higher in the plots of the bioinsecticide compared to that of the abamectin. Predatory insects found belonged to 14 species belonged to eight families dominated by species of Ophionea nigrofasciata, Verania discolor, and Paedorus fuscipe. The abundance of predatory insects in plots sprayed with the bioinsecticides was higher compared to that of the abamectin plot. The abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropod sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and C. militaris did not decrease, while the population of herbivore insect tended to decrease.

Download Full-text

Populasi Serangga Hama dan Artropoda Predator pada Padi Rawa Lebak Sumatera Selatan yang Diaplikasikan Bioinsektisida dari Beauveria bassiana dan Insektisida Sintetik

Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal ◽

10.33230/jlso.8.1.2019.378 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Khoirul Ikhsanudin Hanif ◽

Siti Herlinda ◽

Chandra Irsan ◽

Tili Karenina ◽

Erise Anggraini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Rice Field ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pest Insect ◽

Synthetic Insecticide ◽

Freshwater Swamp ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Predatory Insects ◽

Predatory Arthropods

Hanif et al, 2019. Population of Pest Insects and Predatory Arthropods Inhabiting Freshwater Swamp Rice of South Sumatra Treated with Bioinsectide of Beauveria bassiana and a Synthetic Insecticide. JLSO (8)1:31-38.Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, could kill various species of insect pests, but their impact on predatory arthropods needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to compare population of pest insects and predatory arthropods inhabiting rice sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana and conventional rice field using a synthetic insecticides. Bioinsecticide was made from conidia of B. bassiana and sprayed on rice canopy. The plot of conventional farmers was sprayed with synthetic insecticides made from Abamektrin. The results showed that the application of bioinsecticide of B. bassiana was not proven to reduce the pest insect population. The abundance of natural enemies of pest insects, such as spiders and predatory insects was also more abundant in plots sprayed with bioinsecticide than conventional plots that used synthetic insecticide. The synthetic insecticides have been shown to reduce the abundance of predatory insects and spiders. Bioinsecticides containing carrier of liquid compost were proven to increase the growth and development of rice, which was an increase in the number of rice tillers per clump in plots applied by bioinsecticide. Thus, B. bassiana of bioinsecticide with liquid compost carrier material was safer and could maintain the abundance of predatory arthropods and increased rice growth.

Download Full-text

Perlindungan Lahan Sawah Dalam Pencapaian Ketahanan Pangan Nasional

Rona Teknik Pertanian ◽

10.17969/rtp.v13i2.17173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 29-41

Author(s):

Sri Mulyani ◽

Aqil Teguh Fathani ◽

Eko Priyo Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

Rice Field ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Toll Roads ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Field Function ◽

And Control

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan yang merupakan suatu kewajiban dan harus dilakukan untuk menjaga ketersediaan pangan khususnya padi. Pada saat ini di Sumatera Barat sedang maraknya terjadi alih fungsi lahan lawah. Alih fungsi lahan sawah ini disebabkan oleh pembangunan infrastruktur, perumahan, jalan, jalan tol, sarana umum dan fasiltas lainnya. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan rasionalistik. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan dengan adanya alih fungsi lahan sawah menyebabkan luas panen terhadap padi dan jumlah produksi padi terus berkurang. Pada tahun 2018 terjadi pengurangan luas panen dan produksi padi yang sangat signifikan dari tahun sebelumnya (2017) yaitu sebesar 220 ribu ha luas panen padi dan 1.4 juta ton produksi padi. Hal ini dinilai sangat berbahaya bagi ketahanan pangan yang berkelanjutan karena jumlah penduduk terus bertambah dan juga kebutuhan terhadap pangan juga semakin meningkat sedangkan jumlah produksi justru terus berkurang. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya peran dari semua unsur untuk mengkontrol dan mengendalikan lahan sawah serta pemerintah dengan segera membuat regulasi Peraturan Daerah untuk mengatur lahan sawah agar tidak terjadi alih fungsi lahan sawah secara berkelanjutan.Protection of Rice Fields in Achieving National Food SecurityAbstract. The purpose of this research is to see sustainable food security which is an obligation and must be done to maintain food availability, especially rice. The function of paddy fields is caused by the development of infrastructure, housing, roads, toll roads, public means, and other facilities. The methods in this study used qualitative methods with a rationalistic approach. The results of the study mentioned that the Land of rice field function caused the harvest area to rice and the amount of rice production continued to decrease. In 2018 there was a reduction in the vast harvest and rice production which was significantly from the previous year which amounted to 220 thousand hectares of rice harvest and 1.4 million tonnes of rice production. This is very dangerous for sustainable food security because the population continues to grow and also the need for food is also increasing while the number of production is steadily decreasing. Therefore, it is necessary to have the role of all elements to control and control the rice fields and government by immediately make the regulation of local regulations to regulate the field of rice fields to prevent the functioning of the rice field sustainability.

Download Full-text

SPESIES CAPUNG (ORDO ODONATA) PADA PERTANAMAN PADI DI BEBERAPA SAWAH SEKITAR DENPASAR, BALI

SIMBIOSIS Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.24843/jsimbiosis.2019.v07.i01.p05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ni Made Suartini ◽

Ni Wayan Sudatri

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Area Sampling ◽

Predatory Insects ◽

Dragonfly Species ◽

Rice Plantations

Dragonfly is an insect which belongs to the Odonata order and consists of the suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies) and the suborder Zygoptera (damselflies). Its habitat is very wide including in the rice field. Dragonflies and damselflies are predatory insects, both in the form of nymphs and adults, so their role is very important in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The research was conducted to finding out the dragonfly species found in rice plantations in rice fields around the Denpasar area. Sampling was done by catching using insect nets on rice plantations, in the morning from 08.00 to 11.00 WITA, and in the afternoon from 15.00 to 17.00 WITA. Dragonfly samples obtained were then preserved to be identified by observing the morphological characters based on Hanum et al. (2013), and Sigit et al. (2013). Dragonfly species found in rice plantations areas in several rice fields around Denpasar are as many as 8 species which are included in 2 suborder, namely suborder Anisoptera (5 species) and suborder Zygoptera (3 species), Species of suborder Anisoptera (Potamarcha congener) only found in rice plantations in East Denpasar. Keywords: insects, dragonfly habitat, identification, morphological characters

Download Full-text

Reducing Pesticides and Increasing Crop Diversification Offer Ecological and Economic Benefits for Farmers—A Case Study in Cambodian Rice Fields

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12030267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Cornelia Sattler ◽

Julian Schrader ◽

Rica Joy Flor ◽

Makarakpakphea Keo ◽

Sokunroth Chhun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Beneficial Arthropods ◽

Wet Season ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

And Control ◽

Arthropod Abundance

Rice production is often associated with high pesticide input. To improve farmers’ practice, sustainable management approaches are urgently needed, such as ecological engineering (EE), which aims at enhancing beneficial arthropods while reducing pesticides. Here, we implemented and tested EE in Cambodian rice fields by comparing: (i) fields not treated with pesticides (control); (ii) fields not treated with pesticides but with non-rice crops planted in the surrounding (EE); and (iii) conventionally farmed fields using pesticides (CR). Using benefit-cost analysis, we compared the economic value of each treatment. The non-rice crops preferred by men and women farmers as well as farmers’ willingness to implement EE were assessed using surveys. We sampled arthropod abundance and richness in rice fields and bunds during two seasons. During the dry season, we compared EE and CR among three Cambodian provinces. During the wet season, we specifically assessed the differences in EE, control and CR in arthropod abundance and rice yield in one province. While withholding from using pesticides did not result in a decrease in yield in EE and control treatments, parasitoid abundance was higher in both treatments during the wet season. The benefit–cost ratio was highest for EE and control treatments. Pesticides were likely the main driver causing low arthropod abundance, without any benefit towards increased rice yield. The proper implementation of EE coupled with farmers’ knowledge of ecologically based pest management is a promising solution towards sustainable rice production.

Download Full-text

Rice safety and control of penoxsulam resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) populations with soil-applied herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.17 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Jialin Yu ◽

Jiapeng Fang ◽

Liyao Dong

Keyword(s):

Rice Fields ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

And Control

Abstract Resistance to penoxsulam among barnyardgrass populations is prevalent in rice fields in China. Seeds of penoxsulam-resistant (AXXZ-2) and -susceptible (JLGY-3) barnyardgrass populations, as well as the seeds of two rice varieties including Wuyungeng32 (WY) and Liangyou669 (LY) were planted in plastic pots and then treated with a rate titration of acetochlor, anilofos, butachlor, clomazone, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, pretilachlor, pyraclonil, or thiobencarb. The two barnyardgrass populations exhibited similar susceptibility to acetochlor, anilofos, butachlor, oxadiazon, pretilachlor, or pyraclonil. However, the susceptibility differed between the barnyardgrass populations in response to clomazone, pendimethalin, and thiobencarb. For AXXZ-2, herbicide rates that caused 50% reduction in shoot biomass from the nontreated control (GR50) were 179, >800, and 1798 g ha-1 for clomazone, pendimethalin, and thiobencarb, respectively; while JLGY-3 GR50 values were 61, 166, and 552 g ha-1, respectively. Both rice varieties demonstrated excellent tolerance to acetochlor, butachlor, oxadiazon, pretilachlor, and thiobencarb. However, substantial rice damage was observed with anilofos and clomazone. Anilofos at 352 g ha-1 and clomazone at 448 g ha-1 reduced rice shoot biomass by 41 and 50% from the nontreated, respectively. Averaged across herbicide rates, clomazone reduced rice shoot biomass from the nontreated control by 52 and 34% for WY and LY, respectively; and pendimethalin reduced rice shoot biomass from the nontreated control by 25 and 9% for WY and LY, respectively.

Download Full-text

Integration of the rice field design software with AutoCAD Сivil 3D

10.33920/sel-04-2105-04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 347-351

Author(s):

E.E. Dmitrieva ◽

E.V. Kalinova

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Field Model ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Engineering System ◽

Design Software

The article discusses the use of AutoCAD Civil 3D engineering system with the software for rice fields designing. The article contains the examples of graphic materials (rice field model) created in AutoCAD Civil 3D based on the design results in RIS software.

Download Full-text

Quality improvements on creative industry by using Six Sigma: a study case

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815401088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 01088

Author(s):

Dwi Adi Purnama ◽

Riadho Clara Shinta ◽

Vembri Noor Helia

Keyword(s):

Six Sigma ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Creative Economy ◽

Creative Industry ◽

Quality Improvements ◽

Sigma Level ◽

Study Case ◽

And Control ◽

Hierarchy Process

Indonesia has several creative economy sectors that rapidly developed and potentially can be improved to 7% annually. One of them is textile industry specifically bag industry. This industry’s development could enhance the production of commodities and emerge other SMEs to initiate the similar field. Therefore, to raise its profit, customer’s satisfaction must be elevated by minimizing defected products. In order to support it, an improvement on production process is a must. This research employs Six Sigma methods integration with Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP)-Failure Mode and Effect Anlysis (FMEA). Six Sigma is designated to analyze the level of products’ defect through Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) stages and assess the factors that cause the defects by using Fuzzy AHP decision support system and FMEA in risk analysis on defect. The result of the research shows the shortage of defects that demonstrated by DPMO indicator and Sigma level. It is identified that the number of DPMO was being reduced from 20003.75 to 11185.73. While Six Sigma level demonstrated the enhancement from 3.61 to 3.86. Those suggest that the improvement solution provides has significant effect on the defects decreasing at the bag convection industry.

Download Full-text

Polarisasi etnis dan potensi konflik dalam kebijakan pencetakan sawah baru: Sebuah kajian kepustakaan

Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jki.v16i1.558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Dwi Wulan Pujiriyani

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Conflict ◽

Rice Field ◽

Aging Population ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Productive Labor ◽

Potential Problems ◽

Future Potential

This study aims to analyse the implementation of new rice field plan policies in Indonesia and their impacts on population and ethnic composition in new rice field locations. This research is conducted by applying a literature review method. It is shown that the implementation of the policies had two major implications. Firstly, it creates assimilation opportunities through collaboration between ethnic migrants and local ethnic groups to work on or cultivate new rice fields. Secondly, the great flows of transmigrants that move to the new rice field locations trigger ethnic polarization, which is prone to cause inter-ethnic conflict. In the future, potential problems associated with the provision of new rice fields are available are the risk of having aging population. The aging population indicates a decrease in productive labor that may also affect on decreasing attractiveness of the rice fields to the younger generation. This situation can lead to the re-involvement of older generation in managing the new rice fields. However, it can raise a new concern on their ability to improve the rice fields’ productivity or, even worse, the new rice fields might be neglected or be sold.

Download Full-text

Manipulation of Chemical Properties in Soil under Wetland Rice through Industrial Effluents

Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ◽

10.9734/ajsspn/2019/v5i130054 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽

Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman ◽

Md. Abu Saleque

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Rice Field ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Irrigated Rice

A laboratory experiment was conducted in Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2010-11 aimed to determine the effects of different industrial effluents on some soil chemical properties under long-term industrial wastewater irrigated rice field. Effluents irrigation created some differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The pH in all soil depth was higher with wastewater irrigated rice field. Irrigation with wastewater increased in all the effluents irrigated rice fields; the electrical conductivity (EC) was remarkable higher with all soil depth than the control field. In all the rice fields soil (Control + effluents irrigated fields), the organic carbon content (%) started to decrease sharply with the increase in soil depth. Organic carbon content was slightly higher with wastewater irrigated rice soils. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), trace elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were increased through irrigation with wastewater in rice–rice cropping pattern.

Download Full-text