scholarly journals Macronutrient and mineral contents of five local black rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Nashrurrokhman ◽  
Puspa Restu Sayekti ◽  
Ayu Safitri ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Rarastoeti Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Rice Samples

Abstract. Nashrurrokhman M, Sayekti PR, Safitri A, Purwestri YA, Pratiwi R. 2019. Macronutrient and mineral contents of five local black rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3647-3653. Nutrient composition is important information that can be used to support the development of black rice as functional food. In this study, the macronutrient and mineral compositions of five black rice cultivars were determined by measuring the contents of total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, and levels of the minerals Ca, Fe, and Zn of whole rice, refined rice, and rice bran. Rice samples were obtained from farmers who planted the black rice cultivars of Woja Laka, Toraja, Cempo Ireng “Seyegan”, Melik “Bantul” and Wedomartani. Proximate analysis and spectrophotometric methods were performed to measure the contents of macronutrients and minerals. Statistical analysis of all quantitative data was conducted by using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05) using the SPSS-25 program. Results showed that the contents of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the five rice cultivars varied in the range of 61.80%-65.58%, 7.13%-9.10%, and 1.98%-3.23%, respectively. Carbohydrates found in refined rice were in the range of 62.71%-67.89%, while rice bran had protein and lipid contents varying in the range of 10.95%-11.48% and 5.70%-6.86%, respectively. Rice bran also had the highest mineral content and the highest mineral content was 30 μg/g Ca compared to Fe and Zn. Therefore, the macronutrient and mineral composition varied among the five black rice cultivars and rice components. The highest carbohydrate content was found in refined rice, while the highest proteins, lipids, and minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn) contents were found in rice bran.

scholarly journals Study of Nutritional Contents of Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche Leaves, Kernel and Pericarp Cultivated in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abubaker ◽  
Seham S El Hawary ◽  
Engy A. Mahrous ◽  
Essam M. Abd El-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Fat

Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche (Proteaceae) is one of the major tree crops of the world. In addition to its nutritional value, macadamia also contains a number of phytochemicals that are responsible for a variety of bioactivities, among which hypocholesterolic activity which has been frequently studied. No previous studies were done on the Macadamia cultivated in Egypt, this encouraged the authors to perform the present study aiming to throw light on the nutritional profile of title plant. Proximate analysis of the leaves, pericarp and kernel Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche includes the determination of moisture content, total ash, total protein, total fats, total carbohydrates and crude fibers, study of vitamin E content by using HPLC, determination of the mineral content according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists(A.A.O.C). Macadamia showed a total fat (5.085%) in leaves, (67.96%) in kernel and (0.34%) in pericarp. The protein constitute (6.65 %) in leaves, (20.81%) in kernel and (6.91%) in pericarp. Carbohydrate constitutes (72.35%) in leaves, (5.8%) in kernel and (77.58%) in pericarp. Moisture content ranged from (11.72%) in leaves, (2.83%) in kernel and (9,65%) in pericarp. Ash content was (4.2%) in leaves, (2.6%) in kernel and (5.52%) in pericarp. The content of vitamin E in macadamia tested parts was (133.18 mg/100gm) in leaves, (61.49 mg/100gm) in kernel and (98.78 mg/100gm) in pericarp. The mineral contents of macadamia tested parts were resulted Calcium (851.51 mg/100gm) in leaves, (181.64 mg/100gm) in kernel and (177.16 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Potassium (838.16 mg/100g) in leaves, (3458.14 mg/100gm) in kernel and (7803.68 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Sodium constitutes (309.36 mg/100g) in leaves, (69.67 mg/100gm) in kernel and (156.58 mg/100gm) in pericarp, Iron was (9.72 mg/100g) in leaves, (9.48 mg/100gm) in kernel and (9.75 mg/100gm) in pericarp and Copper resulted (0.76 mg/100g) in leaves, (0.634 mg/100gm) in kernel and (0.668 mg/100gm) in pericarp.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Activities of Ethanol Extract of Black Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3812
Author(s):  
Peerachit Tonchaiyaphum ◽  
Warangkana Arpornchayanon ◽  
Parirat Khonsung ◽  
Natthakarn Chiranthanut ◽  
Pornsiri Pitchakarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Black Rice Bran

Black rice is a type of rice in the Oryza sativa L. species. There are numerous reports regarding the pharmacological actions of black rice bran, but scientific evidence on its gastroprotection is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of black rice bran ethanol extract (BRB) from the Thai black rice variety Hom Nil (O. sativa L. indica) as well as its mechanisms of action, acute oral toxicity in rats, and phytochemical screening. Rat models of gastric ulcers induced by acidified ethanol, indomethacin, and restraint water immersion stress were used. After pretreatment with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of BRB in test groups, BRB at 800 mg/kg significantly inhibited the formation of gastric ulcers in all gastric ulcer models, and this inhibition seemed to be dose dependent in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. BRB could not normalize the amount of gastric wall mucus, reduce gastric volume and total acidity, or increase gastric pH. Although BRB could not increase NO levels in gastric tissue, the tissue MDA levels could be normalized with DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results confirm the gastroprotective activities of BRB with a possible mechanism of action via antioxidant activity. The major phytochemical components of BRB comprise carotenoid derivatives with the presence of phenolic compounds. These components may be responsible for the gastroprotective activities of BRB. The 2000 mg/kg dose of oral BRB showed no acute toxicity in rats and confirmed, in part, the safe uses of BRB.

scholarly journals Authentication, genetic fingerprinting and assessing relatedness of rice (Oryza Sativa) genotypes by SSR molecular markers

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Neda Sepahian ◽  
Zahra Noourmohammadi ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Hamid-Reza Zamanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a staple food and cash crop in many countries and studies on geneticstructure and differentiation patterns of rice land races along with the cultivated rice, provide important data for future rice breeding. Therefore, the aims of present investigation were 1-To study the genetic diversity present withinIranian rice genotypes, 2-To study genetic relatedness of these rice genotypes, and 3-To providebarcoding of the rice genotypes based on SSR molecular markers and produce data for rice varieties authentication. In total, 201 rice samples originated from 10 geographical regions of Iran were studied in this project. All rice samples underwent fragment analysis in every 64 SSR loci and different clustering and ordination methods performed. In general four major clusters were formed. Both landraces as well as rice cultivars were distributed in different clusters due to their genetic difference. STRUCTURE analysis of the studied genotypes followed by Evanno test produced the optimal number of genetic groups K = 2. The mean Nm = 13.6, for the studied genotypes indicates that a high degree of gene flow/ancestral common alleles are present in the rice genotypes studied. Mantel test indicated a significant positive association between genetic distance and geographic distance of the rice genotype studied and presence of an overall isolation by distance (IBD) model of differentiation across the geographical regions of Iran. Overall, the significant genetic difference observed between rice landraces and rice cultivars ofthe country may be used in future hybridization and breeding of rice in the country. The landracerice genotypes may contain useful genes to be transferred to the popular rice cultivars. Moreover, SSR loci that can differentiate rice genotypes are identified and can be used in rice cultivars authentication.

scholarly journals Comparative Phytochemical, Proximate and Some Mineral Composition of the Leaves and Stem Bark of Spondia mombin (L. anacardiaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Enyohwo Dennis Kpomah ◽  
Edet Okon Odokwo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
P Values ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Quantitative phytochemical, proximate and some mineral content of the leaves and stem bark of Spondia mombin, a plant commonly found in Southern Nigeria was studied with a view of ascertaining their nutritional potential and justification for their ethnopharmacological uses. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the research Laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between        February – March 2019. Methodology: Proximate composition, quantitative phytochemical, and mineral contents of the samples were studied using standard analytical methods of the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC). Results: Proximate analysis of the leaves and stem bark showed that there was no significant difference (P  between the carbohydrate and protein content of both leaves and stem bark while the stem bark had significantly higher (P values for ash, fat and fibre when compared to the leaves which incidentally had significantly higher (P  moisture content. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (P  between the leaves and stem bark with reference to tannin, oxalate and phytate, the stem bark, however, showed significantly higher (P  values for alkaloids, saponin and cyanogenic glycosides when compared to the leaves, although flavonoids and phenols were significantly (P higher in the leaves. Mineral (elemental) analysis of both leaves and stem bark indicated the presence of macro and micro minerals in varying amounts. Conclusion: These findings indicated that S. mombin contained an appreciable amount of nutrients and minerals which could be included in the diet to supplement our daily nutrients and animal feeds, while the presence of the phytochemical may justify their use in ethnomedicine for the prevention, treatment and management of diverse health challenges, the phytochemicals may also act as lead compounds in the development of new drugs to counteract the present drug-resistant phenomenon.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Proximate Composition, Anti-Nutrients and Mineral Content of Maerua Crassifolia Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
U.I. Aletan ◽  
H.A. Kwazo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Lethal Doses

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, anti-nutrient and the mineral content of Maerua crassifolia leaves. Proximate analysis was performed using standard AOAC methods, mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry while the anti-nutrients were analysed using standard methods. The results revealed that the leaves had moisture content of 62.00 %, ash content of 12.17± 0.47 g/100 g and crude protein content of 15.17 ± 0.02 g/100 g. The value of the minerals ranged between 75.33 ± 0.05 mg/kg for potassium and 2.88 mg/kg for magnesium. For the heavy metals, zinc had the highest value of 0.22 ± 0.02 μg/mg. The sodium: potassium ratio was calculated to be 0.92 ±0.00. All the anti-nutrients studied were below the lethal doses recommended. The results obtained indicate that the leaf will be a good source of nourishment if properly utilized. Keywords: proximate composition, mineral content, anti-nutrients, Maerua crassifolia

scholarly journals Anthocyanin, nutrient contents, and antioxidant activity of black rice bran of Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Ireng’ from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratiwi Apridamayanti ◽  
Rarastoeti Pratiwi ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung ◽  
Rumiyati Rumiyati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Black Rice Bran

The chemical contents and health benefits of black rice bran of some rice cultivars have been investigated. However, there has been little research on the ‘Cempo Ireng’ cultivar from Sleman, Yogyakarta. The aim of this present study was to determine the anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and macro- and micronutrients contents of black rice bran from this local cultivar. The anthocyanin in the black rice bran was extracted using the maceration method with methanol as a solvent. The extract obtained was separated through a preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) of silica GF254 and a mobile phase composed of n-butanol, acetic acid, and water. Two fractions were collected and analyzed for the anthocyanin content. The preparative TLC spots were separated for further detection and measurement of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside using HPLC followed by LC-MS. The antioxidant activity of the fractions were measured using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that the anthocyanin in fraction 1 was identified as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (66.1 ± 10.6 µg/g). The IC50 of fractions 1 and 2 were 200.96 and 218.36 µg/mL, respectively. Analysis of the macro- and micronutrients revealed that the black rice bran of ‘Cempo Ireng’ had nutrient contents comparable with other rice cultivars. Therefore, this local black rice bran can be used as a source of antioxidants and macro-- and micronutrients.

Microwave (MW) Energy in Enzyme Deactivation: Stabilization of Rice Bran from Few Widely Consumed Indigenous Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) from Eastern Himalayan Range

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashma Begum ◽  
Jahnabi Sarma ◽  
Preetismita Borah ◽  
Pinky Moni Bhuyan ◽  
Ruprekha Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Enzyme Deactivation

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling Reveals Distinct Modulation of Complex Metabolic Networks in Non-Pigmented, Black, and Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Tae Jin Kim ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Young Jin Park ◽  
Sun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Sun-Hwa Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Low Levels

Comprehensive profiling of primary and secondary metabolites was performed to understand metabolic differences associated with color formation in pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.). Overall, 110 metabolites from non-pigmented, black, and red rice cultivars were identified. Black and red rice contained high levels of flavonoids associated with plant color. Black rice also contained high levels of terpenoids (carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and monoterpenes). The non-pigmented rice contained relatively low levels of secondary metabolites. Multivariate and pathway analyses were performed to data-mine the metabolite profiles. Hierarchical clustering analysis of correlation coefficients revealed metabolite clusters based on nitrogen and carbon sources. These clusters suggested a negative correlation between nitrogen and carbon. Pathway analysis revealed that black rice was rich in carbon-based secondary metabolites, with relatively low levels of primary metabolites compared with other rice cultivars. These data highlight the complex interactions between nitrogen and carbon metabolism of primary and secondary metabolites in rice. For the first time, the relationships and metabolic differences in terpenoid content (monoterpenes, triterpenes, and tetraterpenes) of non-pigmented and pigmented rice cultivars were analyzed. These findings should greatly contribute to the understanding of pigmented rice metabolome and inform breeding programs for new rice cultivars.

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