scholarly journals Leaf morphological traits of Orophea spp. (Annonaceae): Living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Ayu Lestari ◽  
ABBAN PUTRI FIQA ◽  
ILHAM KURNIA ABYWIJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Abywijaya IK. 2021. Leaf morphological traits of Orophea spp. (Annonaceae): Living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3403-3411. Orophea (Annonaceae) have various benefits and play important roles in lowland forest structures. Due to their importance, various Orophea species currently require identification for research and conservation purposes. One of many important variables for such purpose is leaf morphometrical features. This study aimed to investigate leaf morphometrical variations, measure morphometrical similarities, and identify determinant morphometrical traits for species identification in Orophea spp. As many as 23 living plant specimens of Orophea spp. cultivated in Purwodadi Botanic Gardens (belongs to 4 species: Orophea celebica, O. chlorantha, O. enneandra, O. hexandra and an unidentified Orophea sp.) were observed. Twelve measured leaf morphometrical traits in this study were leaf length and width, petiole length, distance from leaf base to the widest part of the leaf, number of secondary veins, apex and base shape, leaf area, length of leaf margin, length to width ratio, leaf roundness and slimness indices. Data were analyzed using multiple one-way ANOVA, Hierarchical Cluster and Principal Component Analyses from within R. The results highlighted that O. hexandra was the most distinguishable species with number of secondary veins, length to width ratio, and leaf slimness as the most distinct characters. The unidentified species of Orophea sp. exhibited morphometrical characters similar to O. chlorantha. No distinct leaf morphometrical traits were able to be identified as determinant characters to each species. Thus, suggesting leaf morphological traits analyses to be used only as a supporting component for plant identification, while still paying attention to the plant’s generative characters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Agro-morphological Traits in 20 Genotypes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Waras Nurcholis
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The present study aimed to evaluate different agro-morphological traits among twenty genotypes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and three varieties of Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. Agro-morphological data traits were investigated based on qualitative and quantitative parameters from PPVFRA descriptors with modification. All the recorded data was analyzed through SPSS 16.0 and R 3.4.2 for ANOVA and similarity analysis, respectively. Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in the traits studied of the habit of the rhizome, the shape of the rhizome, length of primary rhizome, number of mother rhizome, plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and number of shoots. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) classified the genotypes into three groups. The principal component analysis (PCA) were showed consistent with results of the HCA. These genotypes could be used as novel genotype in agricultural biochemistry for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Old Local Grape Cultivars in South of Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Bayan M. Muzher ◽  
Ola T. Al-Halabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
High Diversity

 This investigation was carried out in Sweida governorate of Syria from 2014 to 2015. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the genetic diversity among 17 old local grape cultivars using morphological traits and SSR molecular markers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of morphological traits revealed that four main components were accountable for 50.34 % of variance, with Eigen values of 16.77%, 13.31%, 10.59% and 9.67%, respectively. While distribution of cultivars was found significantly dependent of first and second components, which separated Aswad Sharar and Derbly cultivars rather than other studied cultivars. Hierarchical cluster of morphological traits showed high diversity among studied cultivars. On the other hand, molecular characterization was conducted using eight informative SSR primer pairs, polymorphism was detected by seven SSR's primers. As a result, 18 polymorphic alleles were revealed with a polymorphism percentage of 100%, which reflected the genetic variation among studied cultivars. Genetic similarity was achieved, where 0.875 was the highest between Zeiny and Khedry cultivars, while the other two cultivars Ebeidy and AhmarMokamaa showed the lowest genetic similarity as 0.077. Cluster analysis of SSR markers grouped the studied cultivars into three clusters as per Jaccard coefficient. The first cluster grouped Ebeidy, Aswad Helwany and Derbly cultivars together, the second cluster contained two cultivars Beiady and Alb Atair, while the third cluster contained the remaining cultivars. Consequently, the results showed high diversity among studied cultivars, and some morphological traits were useful for cultivar discrimination.

scholarly journals The phytochemical and morphological diversity analysis of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. populations in South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-603
Author(s):  
Kourosh ZANDIFAR ◽  
Hassanali NAGHID BADI ◽  
Ali MEHRAFARIN ◽  
Majid G. NOHOOJI
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ziziphus Nummularia ◽  
High Diversity

Ziziphus nummularia is a multipurpose and tropical tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial, and economic values. This tree, which belongs to the Rhamnaceae family, is originated from the South of Asia and North of Africa. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and morphological diversity of 20 wild populations collected from different Southern regions of Iran. Statistical significant difference ranges between population were found in respect to saponin of the leaf (2.2-5.4 mg/g) and fruit (1.2-3.2 mg/g), phenol of the leaf (0.7-2.9 mg/g) and fruit (0.03-0.4 mg/g), tannin of the leaf (0.8-3.5 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-1.7 mg/g), and flavonoid of the leaf (3.3-4.3 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-2.4 mg/g). A factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components (PC1-PC3) explain 79.04% of total variations. The first component (PC1) is explained by the most important traits of the PCA coefficient such as the leaf saponin, width of the end leaf, fruit saponin, length of the end leaf, leaf length and width, and leaf phenol with 42% of the total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. In general, the Izeh Tarakab population had the highest content of leaf and fruit saponin. The content of leaf and fruit saponin as the major secondary metabolite could be a good determinant for detecting diversity in the wild population of Z. nummularia.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Studies of Allium Akaka and A. Elburzense Native to Iran Using Morphological Characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hassandokht ◽  
Mahdi Taheri ◽  
Abdolkarim Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Wild Accessions

AbstractTwo Allium species (A. akaka S.G. Gmelin and A. elburzense W.) native to Iran are used locally as the fresh vegetables and in medical therapy. They are not cultivated, but are collected from the wild, thus, will soon be threatened with extinction. In this study, the diversity of 15 wild accessions (4 accessions of A. elburzense endemic of Iran and 11 accessions of A. akaka) collected from the north-western part of Iran were evaluated with the use of 16 qualitative and 16 quantitative characteristics. The morphological characters with high heritability included leaf length, flower number in umbel, inflorescence diameter, leaf dry weight, bulb fresh weight, weight of 100 seeds, seed length and seed length/width. Results of the principal component analysis indicated that 92.52% of the observed variability was explained by the first six components. The first two components explained about 64.74% of the total observed variability. The first and third hierarchical cluster analysis included all accessions of A. akaka. The accessions of A. elburzense, except one, were placed in a separate cluster. These morphological descriptors can successfully apply for evaluating morphological diversity of Allium wild accessions and can help in horticultural usage.

scholarly journals Development of a core collection for Sri Lankan cinnamon germplasm based on morphological characterization using an eco-geographic survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 1473-1485
Author(s):  
Rumana Azad ◽  
L. Jayasekara ◽  
R.A.A.K. Ranawaka ◽  
Gamini Senanayake ◽  
K.L. Wasantha Kumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
The Core

Cinnamomum verum is the most important spice produced by Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to fill the gap of knowledge on diversity of Sri Lankan cinnamon through morphological characterization. Therefore, an eco-geographic survey in major growing areas followed by the development of a core collection and vegetative propagation of the total collection for ex-situ conservation were carried out. Two hundred and sixty nine cinnamon accessions were collected. The average shoot regeneration frequency of 269 accessions was 47.76% after one month of vegetative propagation. The collection was established at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna for further studies. The collection was characterized for 15 quantitative and qualitative characters of leaf, stem and inflorescence among which, a wide variation was detected for leaf characters mainly. Leaf length positively correlated with Leaf width (+0.643) and Petiole length (+0.483). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that there were 3 dimensions of PCA explaining 88.85% of total variance. In Hierarchical cluster analysis based on above characters, 269 accessions were grouped into five clusters at rescaled distance of 0.1. A representation of 10% accessions was randomly selected from each cluster to develop a core collection with 33 accessions. The core collection of 33 accessions was clustered into five groups according to the same method at rescaled distance of 0.075. The core collection is a representation of the total collection as clusters of the two dendograms could be overlapped. Morphological characterization and core collection development during this study will be useful for germplasm management, conservation and varietal improvement through breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Nigerian and Indian pearl millet accessions based on agronomical and morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
David Animasaun ◽  
Joseph Morakinyo ◽  
Rama Krishnamurthy ◽  
Oba Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study assessed the genetic diversity of pearl millet accessions grown in Nigeria and India based on morpho-agronomic traits in order to identify genotypes with superior characters which could be utilized in breeding programmes. Twenty-four pearl millet accessions were grown and evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits during the dry and wet seasons of 2015-2016. Data collected on the accessions using standard descriptors were analysed statistically. IP22281 had the highest mean plant height (108.90 cm) while NGB00531 recorded the lowest (61.02 cm). Significant intra-specific variation existed in number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes and internode length, however, stem girth was similar for the accessions. Tillering was generally poor with the highest value (1.60 tillers per plant) found in NGB00531. A significant positive correlation occurred between plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Panicles emerged between 44 and 56 days and NGB00548 had the shortest maturity time. Also, panicle length and peduncle diameter varied significantly for the accessions. The highest grain yield and 1000-grain weight were recorded in NGB00616 and the lowest yield and weight were recorded in IP22269. The principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters, comprising mixtures of Nigerian and Indian members. Similarly, the dendrogram grouped the accessions into two main groups which were sub-divided into smaller clusters with accessions from Nigeria and India in the same cluster. The study concludes that variations in morpho-agronomic and yield characters among the accessions studied could be harnessed for crop improvement. The clustering pattern of these accessions indicated their genetic relatedness, possibly from the same progenitor, but separation by geographical or ecological isolation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes of Mexican Native Succulent Plants in a Vertical Greenery System Compared with Pot Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Carlos Efraín Reyes-González ◽  
José Pablo Torres-Morán ◽  
Blanca Catalina Ramírez-Hernández ◽  
Liberato Portillo ◽  
Enrique Pimienta-Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Chlorophytum Comosum ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
Succulent Plants ◽  
Spider Plant

Adaptation parameters as leaf width, leaf length, mesophyll thickness, number of adaxial and abaxial stomata, and biomass were measured in eight stonecrop species (Crassulaceaae), spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum), and maria’s heart (Peperomia tepoztecoana) in vertical greenery system (VGS) and containers (POT). Statistical significance among parameters was probed by t test and principal component analysis was performed to detect global morphological changes. Mexican gem (Echeveria elegans), graptosedum (× Graptosedum ‘Vera Higgins’), lavender scallops (Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi), coppertone sedum (Sedum nussbaumerianum), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), and jelly-beans (Sedum rubrotinctum) were the species that did not change significantly their morphological traits during growth in the VGS. This provides evidence of the potential for these species to be used in green walls or any VGS while maintaining their characteristic shape and beauty. Graptopetalum (Graptopetalum macdougalli), gray sedum (Sedum griseum), maria’s heart, and spider plant showed changes in its morphology during growth in the VGS when compared with growth in POT, indicating a lower potential for adaption to VGS.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Several Species of the Genus Jatropha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Saheed KOLAWOLE ◽  
Abdullahi Alanamu ABDULRAHAMAN ◽  
Mahboob Adekilekun JIMOH ◽  
Felix Ayotunde OLADELE
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological parameters of several Jatropha species, namely Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Jatropha podagrica Hook., Jatropha integerrima Jacq. and Jatropha multifida L. were subjected to quantitative analysis within the present study. Twelve traits of the leaves, fruits and seeds were analysed: leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width ratio, petiole length, petiole width, fruit length, fruit width, fruit length/width ratio, seed length, seed width, fruit stalk length and fruit stalk width were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Highly significant positive correlations have been noted, while negative correlation was observed between leaf width and leaf length/width ratio, fruit width and leaf length/width ratio. Traits such as leaf length, leaf width and leaf length/width ratio contributed significantly along with other traits to discriminate the studied Jatropha species.  J. podagrica and J. integerrima were found to have more similarities, with a stronger coefficient of agglomeration (69.072) than J. curcas and J. podagrica with 315.028 coefficient of agglomeration respectively. The generated dendrogram showed the relationship between the studied Jatropha species, whereas great affinity was noted between J. podagrica and J. multifida as compared with J. gossypifolia and J. integerrima which are distantly related. The closeness observed between J. podagrica and J. multifida is in line with their current sub-generic grouping.

scholarly journals Variation in Agro-morphological Traits of Some Turkish Local Pop, Flint and Dent Maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Fatih ÖNER
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
High Eigenvalue ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

Turkish maize accessions collected from north of Turkey were investigated for agro-morphologic variation in three maize kernel types (flint, pop and dent) including 79 accessions. Eight agronomic and morphologic traits (ear length, ear kernel row number, ear height, leaf number, 1000 kernel weight, tassel length, leaf width and leaf length) were analysed by ANOVA and principal component analysis. Varieties and accessions were found significantly different for variance components which were made up high variance due to accessions. Positive correlations were found between agronomic and morphologic traits. Multivariate discriminant function analysis with eight traits revealed that first two of multivariate correlation covered 86.6%, and next 69% of total variation among accessions and the first multivariate discriminant function had high eigenvalue with 76.8% of total variance between varieties belonged to flint and pop maize accessions while the second multivariate variable belonged to flint and dent maize accessions. These multivariate variables correctly classify three maize varieties maintaining maize accessions for their various characteristics with agronomic and morphological traits.

scholarly journals Chemical and morphological diversity among wild populations of Hypericum aviculariifolium Jaub. et Spach subsp. depilatum (Freyn et Bornm.) N. Robson var. depilatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Cirak ◽  
Aysel Özcan ◽  
Emine Yurteri ◽  
Dursun Kurt ◽  
Fatih Seyis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Chemical Content

In this study, the chemical and morphological diversity among eleven wild populations of Hypericum aviculariifolium Jaub. et Spach subsp. depilatum (Freyn et Bornm.) N. Robson var. depilatum, an endemic Turkish species was studied. These populations were investigated for their contents of hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin, the chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, caffeic and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, avicularin, 13,118 biapigenin, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin as well as for their morphological traits, including density of leaf light and dark glands, leaf area, leaf length/width ratio and plant height. The top two-thirds of the plants representing thirty individuals was harvested at full flowering from eleven sites and analyzed for the content of bioactive compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography after being dried at room temperature. Morphological characterization of the wild populations was performed on twenty randomly selected individuals from each plant-growing locality. The content of the tested compounds, except for caffeic acid and avicularin, and some morphological traits, namely, the density of leaf translucent glands and black nodules and leaf area varied significantly with the investigated populations. It was observed that hypericin and pseudohypericin contents were connected positively with leaf black nodule density, but negatively with leaf area and the contents of hyperforin, quercitrin and 13,118-biapigenin were correlated positively with leaf translucent gland density. Data presented here could be useful in determining future targets for further wide-ranging studies on this endemic species as well as in identifying superior germplasm in terms of high chemical content.

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