scholarly journals Genetic divergence of Nigerian and Indian pearl millet accessions based on agronomical and morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
David Animasaun ◽  
Joseph Morakinyo ◽  
Rama Krishnamurthy ◽  
Oba Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study assessed the genetic diversity of pearl millet accessions grown in Nigeria and India based on morpho-agronomic traits in order to identify genotypes with superior characters which could be utilized in breeding programmes. Twenty-four pearl millet accessions were grown and evaluated for agronomic and morphological traits during the dry and wet seasons of 2015-2016. Data collected on the accessions using standard descriptors were analysed statistically. IP22281 had the highest mean plant height (108.90 cm) while NGB00531 recorded the lowest (61.02 cm). Significant intra-specific variation existed in number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes and internode length, however, stem girth was similar for the accessions. Tillering was generally poor with the highest value (1.60 tillers per plant) found in NGB00531. A significant positive correlation occurred between plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Panicles emerged between 44 and 56 days and NGB00548 had the shortest maturity time. Also, panicle length and peduncle diameter varied significantly for the accessions. The highest grain yield and 1000-grain weight were recorded in NGB00616 and the lowest yield and weight were recorded in IP22269. The principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four clusters, comprising mixtures of Nigerian and Indian members. Similarly, the dendrogram grouped the accessions into two main groups which were sub-divided into smaller clusters with accessions from Nigeria and India in the same cluster. The study concludes that variations in morpho-agronomic and yield characters among the accessions studied could be harnessed for crop improvement. The clustering pattern of these accessions indicated their genetic relatedness, possibly from the same progenitor, but separation by geographical or ecological isolation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular variability of maize (Zea mays L.) Induced with X-ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Odunayo Joseph Olawuyi ◽  
David Franklin Igata ◽  
Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu ◽  
Abeeb Abiodun Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Group Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Ten genotypes of maize collected from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB) were induced with X-ray for morphological and molecular assessment. The experimental design was complete randomized design with four replicates. Morphological and molecular statistical analyses of treated genotypes were conducted using SAS and Power Maker Packages, respectively while dendrogram was generated using Jaccards similarity coefficient using Unweighted Paired Group Method and Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). The study revealed significant difference which is an indication of genetic variation of characters in treated maize. Genotype DTSR-Wco performed best in plant height (62.35 cm), leaf length (62.35 cm), number of leaves (3.15), leaf width (7.55 cm) and dry leaf biomass (0.24 g). X-ray at 90 Kv/mass, 95 Kv/mass and 100 Kv/mass decreased plant heights to 54.25cm, 53.87cm and 54.10cm respectively compared to Control. Heritability estimate was greater than 70% for all characters evaluated. Genotype TZM 1551 at 0 Kv/mass yielded the highest concentration of DNA at 2841.60 ng/ul and the highest genomic DNA concentration was obtained at 95 Kv/mass for TZM 132 with 1.91%. Primer BMC 1755 was most polymorphic with 58.77% in treated maize genotypes. The plant height was strongly correlated with leaf length (r=0.9), leaf width (r=0.76) and number of leaves (r=0.77). Principal component analysis showed close relationship between plant height (-0.03) and leaf length (0.05) compared with leaf width (-0.67) and number of leaves (0.69). Dry shoot biomass (0.05) was closely related to dry root biomass (-0.03) and dry leaf biomass (-0.04).

scholarly journals Line×tester analysis in lilium×formolongi: identification of superior parents for growth and flowering traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
R Rai ◽  
J Shrestha ◽  
JH Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Almost All

An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to obtain sixteen Line ×Tester hybrids for the evaluation of major growth and flowering traits thereby to understand the breeding potentiality of the parental lines. The performance of growth and flowering traits of all twenty-six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the genotypes were significantly different for all agro-morphological traits under study. The estimated general combining ability (GCA) effects showed that parent 5(P5), were superior for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis followed by parent 2(P2) for leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis and parent7 (P7) for number of flower, flower diameter, bud length and attitude for floral axis. Likewise; tester 1 found to be best combiner with significant GCA effect for almost all growth and flowering traits (except number of leaves). The plant height, leaf width, number of flower and attitude of floral axis showed prevailing additive gene action while stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering, flower diameter and bud length indicated predominance of dominance gene action. We can conclude that parent P5, parent P2 and parent P7 can be used as good mother lines and the tester 1, as good donor for the seed production. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 175-187 (2019)

Assessment of phenotypic diversity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] germplasm of Indian origin and identification of trait-specific germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kumari ◽  
Manas K. Bag ◽  
S. Pandey ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
S. S. Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Germplasm Collections

Evaluation of genetic diversity within germplasm collections and identification of trait-specific germplasm is a basic requirement for plant breeders. A total of 221 Indian pearl millet collections from the National Genebank were characterised and evaluated for 27 agro-morphological descriptors. Considerable variation was observed for all characters. Frequency distribution analysis showed predominance of cylindrical and compact spike, grey seeds, earliness (less than 40 days to spike emergence). Hierarchical clustering method was used for classifying 221 pearl millet accessions based on agronomic and disease resistance traits, which resulted into three clusters. Clusters 1, 2 and 3 comprised 91, 54 and 76 accessions respectively. There was high correspondence between the geographic collection sites of accessions and their inclusion in particular clusters. In addition, principal component analysis was used for data reduction and generating biplot. First four principal components explained 66.43% of total variability. Among the traits analysed, plant height, nodes/plant, days to spike emergence, number of tillers, leaf width and leaf length are major contributor towards phenotypic diversity. Further the trait-specific germplasm were identified for agronomic traits, disease resistance, popping and antioxidants activity, namely for earliness (IC343664, IC343689, IC343661, IC309064), spike girth (IC283693, IC283842, IC367638), dual purpose with high grain and fodder yield (IC283705, IC283745, IC283885 and IC335901 and so on). Four accessions of pearl millet germplasm viz., IC309064, IC393365, IC306465 and IC283866, were observed as multiple disease resistant. This study suggested that application of appropriate techniques and their interpretations provide more efficient way to identify potential accessions and improve the utilisation of germplasm collections in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in morpho-agronomic traits of various accessions of Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Maruf Olaide YEKEEN ◽  
Hafsoh Olajumoke SHAIB-RAHIM ◽  
Joy OLABODE
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Number Of Leaves

<p><em>Vigna subterranea </em>is an indigenous African legume widely cultivated across the continent. It is a highly diverse crop exhibiting diversity in morpho-agronomic characteristics. This genetic diversity is also crucial for crop improvement as it determines which breeding strategy/ methodology to utilize in its improvement. The study evaluated the diversity in morpho-agronomic characteristics of different accessions of Bambara groundnut. ‘TVSu596’ exhibited the highest germination percentage (100 %) and shortest days to 50 % flowering (40 days) while ‘TVSu11’ had the highest number of leaves (146). Qualitative evaluation revealed the diversity existing in their morphological characteristics. Elemental analysis showed the accessions are rich in mineral elements and exhibit diversity. Principal component analysis revealed 83.37 % of total variations in morphological and yield traits by the first three principal axes. Traits such as number of leaves, petiole length, and days to 50 % flowering furnish most of the variations. Cluster analysis revealed the accessions clustered into 4 groups. These accessions are therefore recommended for utilization in development of improved cultivars or early-maturing varieties<em>.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

FAST NEUTRONS INDUCED GENETIC VARIABILITY ON BAMBARA NUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEAN (L.) VERDC.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
M.I. Adebola, A.E. Esson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this study, two accessions of Bambara groundnut were exposed to fast neutrons Americium-Beryllium (AmBe) source with flux of 1.5 ×104 ncm-2 s-1for different hours, and planted in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications to raise M1 generation. The data recorded were percentage germination, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of plants, dry weight of plants, dry weight of pods, weight of seeds and100 seeds weight. There was variation in plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, Days to 50% flowering, fresh weight of plants, dry weight of plants, dry weight of pods, weight of seeds and100 seeds weight for Black accession. In the Cream accession, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, fresh weight of plants, dry weight of plants, dry weight of pods, weight of seeds and100 seeds weight were significantly different. Treatment at 16 hours performed best for plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, weight of seed per plant and 100 seed weight in Black accession while Cream performed best at 8 hours exposure time. Fast neutron was observed to improve the performance of Bambara groundnut, thus can be used in breeding programme for Bambara groundnut.

scholarly journals Some demographic characteristics of Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae) in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Judit Deme ◽  
Balázs Palla ◽  
Győző Haszonits ◽  
János Csiky ◽  
Kornél Baráth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Fritillaria meleagris is an endangered Eurasian species with declining populations in most of its distribution area. The signifi cance of the present study is to provide details for improving methods, how age-state structure can be identifi ed in a population. This could help finding the appropriate way of site-management where this species occurs. We investigated two F. meleagris populations in the western part of Hungary (Gyékényes, Tüskeszentpéter). We grouped the recorded plants into five age-state categories: dormant, juvenile, subadult, vegetative- and reproductive adult. We investigated diff erent plant traits such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf length. The relative frequencies of leaf numbers differed signifi cantly between the two sites each year. Generally, the majority of the flowering plants had 5-6 leaves at both sites. Only plant height was positively related to plant reproductive success, but there were no clear trends in leaf width and leaf length. There are considerable diff erences in age-state ratios between our sampling sites. The proportion of reproductive plants was noticeably higher in both years in Tüskeszentpéter. Transition into dormant state was regular from all age groups at both sites.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
FREDERIC NGEZAHAYO ◽  
JEAN CLAUDE NGENDAKURIYO ◽  
EMMANUEL BIZINDAVYI ◽  
CYRILLE MBONIHANKUYE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Ngezahayo F, Ngendakuriyo Jc, Bizindavyi E, Mbonihankuye C. 2019. Short Communication: Agro-morphological diversity among four tomato cultivars in western Burundi. Biodiversitas 20: 436-441. Since crop cultivars represent a reservoir of genetic diversity; essential are the understanding and the utilization of genetic variation in tomato accessions for improving the crop. The objective of the present study was to characterize 4 tomato cultivars from the western Burundi by means of 8 agro-morphological traits that could be exploited for tomato crop improvement. Tanya and P20 cultivars showed the lowest plant height but the highest flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar. This was corroborated by a significant negative correlation between plant height and flower number, fruit number and yield per cultivar in overall results. On the other hand, Floradel and Tengerou97 cultivars have the highest stem circumference and leaf number. Cluster analysis also showed almost four clusters corresponding to one cluster for each cultivar, though Tengerou97 and Floradel tend to be grouped together. Finally, principal component analysis showed that all the eight agro-morphological traits participated in grouping tomato cultivars; particularly flower number, fruit number, plant height, and yield per cultivar. The first three principal component axes accounted for 92.465% of total variation observed among tomato cultivars. Thus, the four cultivars should all be exploited in tomato breeding and improvement programs.

scholarly journals UJI KONSENTRASI TIGA MACAM PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH PERTANIAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN ARUGULA (ERUCA SATIVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sulistiawan Purnomo Aji ◽  
Siswadi Siswadi ◽  
Saiful Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This study is entitled Concentration Test of Three Liquid Organic Fertilizer From Agricultural Waste on Growth and Yield of Arugula (Eruca Sativa) to test the concentration of three kinds of liquid organic fertilizer, sugarcane bagasse waste, banana peel and coconut fiber with a concentration of 50 ml/l, 100 ml/l, and, 150 ml/l. This study uses a single Randomized Complete Design (CRD) method consisting of 10 treatments that are repeated 3 times, consisting of K0, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, the results of this study were analyzed with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%, the parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, root length, fresh weightof biomass, and dry weight of biomass. The results of the study show that: (1) Giving treatment (K3), liquid organic fertilizer of banana peels with a concentration of 150 ml/l, provides interaction with parameters of observation of leaf width, root length and dry weight of biomass arugula plants, but they need to increase the concentration of organic fertilizer liquid to assist the growth process with observations of plant height parameters, number of leaves, leaf length and fresh weigh of biomass. (2) Provision of treatment with 150 ml/l concentration is the best treatment for the parameters of observation of leaf width, length of root and dry weight of biomass, but the administration of 150 ml/l concentration is not sufficient for plant nutrient requirements so there is no interaction with the growth process of plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and fresh weight of biomass. (3) The highest dry weight of biomass in the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer from banana peel waste with a concentration of 150 ml/l, weighing 4.32 g or an increase of 20% compared to the control.

scholarly journals Produksi Tanaman Kangkung dan Ikan Lele dengan Sistem Akuaponik

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lukito Hasta Pratopo ◽  
Ahmad Thoriq
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Control Water

Kale and catfish are the most popular vegetables and fish in Indonesia. The production of these two commodities can be done using an aquaponics system. This study aims to determine the growth of water spinach plants and the survival of catfish in the aquaponic system. Plant growth parameters were measured every three days which included plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of leaves and plant weight after harvest. The development of catfish that was observed every three days included the number of dead catfish and the weight of catfish measured every nine days. The data obtained were then tabulated and processed in graphical form and analyzed descriptively. The results showed The growth rate of kale planted in the aquaponic system includes plant height, leaf length, and leaf width, respectively, 2.51 cm / three days, 0.75 cm / three days and 0.24 cm / three days, while in kale plants (control) 1.30 / three days, 0.5 cm / three days, and 0.12 cm / three days, respectively. The yield of water spinach planted with the aquaponics system weighed 350 grams / pot, while the control water spinach was only 135 grams / pot. During 30 days of maintenance there was an increase in weight of catfish as much as 11.25 grams / head with the survival rate (SR) of catfish seeds by 93%.

scholarly journals Some demographic characteristics of Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae) in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-378
Author(s):  
Bálint Pacsai ◽  
Éva Szabó ◽  
Éva Biró ◽  
Beáta Gerencsér ◽  
Anita Kuczkó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Fritillaria meleagris is an endangered Eurasian species with declining populations in most of its distribution area. The signifi cance of the present study is to provide details for improving methods, how age-state structure can be identifi ed in a population. This could help finding the appropriate way of site-management where this species occurs. We investigated two F. meleagris populations in the western part of Hungary (Gyékényes, Tüskeszentpéter). We grouped the recorded plants into five age-state categories: dormant, juvenile, subadult, vegetative- and reproductive adult. We investigated diff erent plant traits such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf length. The relative frequencies of leaf numbers differed signifi cantly between the two sites each year. Generally, the majority of the flowering plants had 5-6 leaves at both sites. Only plant height was positively related to plant reproductive success, but there were no clear trends in leaf width and leaf length. There are considerable diff erences in age-state ratios between our sampling sites. The proportion of reproductive plants was noticeably higher in both years in Tüskeszentpéter. Transition into dormant state was regular from all age groups at both sites.

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