Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats

Abstract. Wisanti, Aloysius DC, Zubaidah S, Lestari SR. 2021. Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats. Biodiversitas 22: 2853-2859. Marsilea is a hydrophyte fern that has plasticity often influenced by enviroment. Several of the species with different habitats or geographies show morphological variations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variations in morphological characters of M. crenata growing in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. A total of 38 plant samples were collected from their natural habitats including floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial types. Morphological variations data included 4 qualitative characters and 9 quantitative characters. The quantitative characters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA to test for differences, while the combination of both characters was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the distribution between groups. The data results showed a separate grouping pattern between aquatic and terrestrial populations. These two groups showed significant differences in 5 quantitative characters and 2 qualitative characters. However, emergent aquatic samples’ distribution pattern is closer to the terrestrial group. The characters’ similarity of these two populations was in ??the rhizomes air spaces area, the position between leaflets and absence of red streak on the abaxial lamina. Conclusively, the variations in M. crenata’s morphological characters indicate that this plant has experienced morphological adaptations to water availability in its environment.

Download Full-text

Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4861.3.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4861 (3) ◽

pp. 429-443

Author(s):

CAROLINA PIRES ◽

MARCELO WEKSLER ◽

CIBELE R. BONVICINO

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira & Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati & Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon’s hypodigm.

Download Full-text

Morphological variability of acorns and its taxonomic significance in Quercus. from Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Bakis ◽

MT Babaç

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Quercus Species ◽

Different Populations

Morphological variations of acorn among and within the groups of Quercus species were studied. A total of 617 acorns belonging to 14 species representing all 3 sections of Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in Turkey were examined in this study. Specimens were collected from 47 different populations over both Anatolian and Thrace part of Turkey. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of acorns. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the use of morphological characters in differentiating the taxa of Quercus and Cerris sections studied. Another important finding is the introgression among the acorns of species within Quercus section DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 293-299, 2014 (December)

Download Full-text

Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai

International Journal of Frontiers in Life Science Research ◽

10.53294/ijflsr.2021.1.1.0031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 01-017

Author(s):

Bimal Bahadur Kunwar

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Grouping Pattern ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Disc Level ◽

East West

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.

Download Full-text

Morphological variability of recent species of the order Cassiduloida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Mexico

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽

pp. 423-437

Author(s):

Andrea-Alejandra Caballero-Ochoa ◽

Blanca-E. Buitrón-Sánchez ◽

Carlos-A. Conejeros-Vargas ◽

Brenda-L. Esteban-Vázquez ◽

Mariana-P. Ruiz-Nava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Relationship ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Recent Species ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Character Correlations

ntroduction: In Mexico, there are two recorded living species of Cassiduloida: Cassidulus caribaearum and Rhyncholampas pacifica. Most of the taxonomic studies on cassiduloids have used external morphology, pedicellariae and morphometric characters; however, the intraspecific variation of quantitative and qualitative characters has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To compare the basic morphology of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum. Methods: We examined a total of 2 158 specimens of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum, selecting 50 to evaluate shape and size with linear regression and Principal Component analysis. We selected an additional 62 specimens per species to identify significant character correlations and morphological groups within species. Results: There is a direct relationship between Test length and Test width. Test height/Test width, and Total length (oral view)/Distance from the ambitus to the peristome apex, are the two main ratios to distinguish both species. C. caribaearum is more dorsoventrally compressed and has a round peristome base; versus R. pacifica has a tall and triangular one. There are four morphological groups of C. caribaearum and two groups for R. pacifica. Conclusions: These two species can be distinguished with reliable morphological characters, in which peristome shape suggests that R. pacifica is more adapted to burrowing deeper into certain types of substratum.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)accessions in the Philippines for utilization

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.3769 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Hidelisa De Chavez ◽

Teresita Borromeo ◽

Nic Oswald Borines ◽

Renerio Jr Gentallan

Keyword(s):

Coat Color ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Philippines ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

Qualitative Characters

An increasing trend of soybean production and consumption has been seen in the Philippines. To assess the potential of the soybean germplasm for utilization, diversity of the Philippine soybean collection was established. High diversity was marked on 17 out of 29 qualitative characters, which include plant growth habit, leaf blistering and flower standard color. Phenotypic diversity indices (H’) of 92 soybean accessions averaged at 0.62. This aside, traits identical to a variety of soybean with superior characters were all present in the soybean germplasm collection. Using simple matching similarity coefficient, cluster analysis separated the different accessions into 12 distinct clusters at 62% similarity. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) showed that two independent components accounted for 35.36% of the total variation of the qualitative morphological characters. Factor loadings for each component showed the morphological characters, such as pubescence color, flower wing color, and seed coat color, that were contributing to the high projections in the two principal components. Accessions with vigorous seedlings were also observed. With the marked trait diversity, the soybean collection could be potentially used directly and for breeding purposes. Consequently, to uncover further the potential of our genetic resources at hand, the remaining germplasm accessions at NPGRL should be characterized and evaluated

Download Full-text

Phytolith analysis of Cyperaceae from the Pampean region, Argentina

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt09041 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 512 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Mariana Fernández Honaine ◽

Alejandro F. Zucol ◽

Margarita L. Osterrieth

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Robust Pca ◽

Xylem Parenchyma ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Pampean Region ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

First Time

Cyperaceae, along with Poaceae, is the main silica accumulator. Although the anatomical-taxonomic and palaeobotanical relevance of phytoliths has been well established, there are no studies that deal with the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the phytolith production or differentiate phytoliths from the different organs in Cyperaceae. Toward the construction of a detailed database of phytolith production, we describe in the present paper the phytoliths of leaves, culms and fruits of Cyperaceae from Pampean region (Argentina). Phytoliths were extracted by a calcination technique. Qualitative and quantitative characters and percentages of phytolith morphotypes were subject to principal component analysis to analyse their taxonomic relevance. For some sedges, values of phytolith content and a comparative analysis of leaves, culms and fruit phytoliths are presented here for the first time. Diverse tissues such as epidermis, xylem, parenchyma and sclerenchyma produced phytoliths. The most abundant morphotypes were conical phytoliths, which showed differences in the base shape and in their size between organs. Leaf/culm cones have a rounded, rectangular or square base; typical fruit cones have a polygonal base and they are bigger and more robust. PCA showed that quantitative and qualitative characters of cones, along with the percentages of morphotypes, allowed group distinction.

Download Full-text

El complejo Dryopteris patula (Dryopteridaceae) en México: análisis morfométricos

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Victoria Hernández Hernández ◽

Teresa Terrazas ◽

Claudio Delgadillo Moya

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Other ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

Frond Length ◽

Scale Length

We studied collections from four species of the Dryopteris patula complex (D. cinnamomea, D. patula, D. rosea, and D. rossii) to identify the morphological characters that distinguish them from one another. D. maxonii and D. wallichiana were included as comparative species to evaluate characters that distinguish species within the complex. Quantitative characters were examined through principal component and canonical discriminant analyses, and both qualitative and quantitative characters were used to obtain phenograms. Multivariate analyses determined that basal pinna length, stipe scale length, number of pinna pairs, and frond length are the variables that discriminate among D. rossii and the other species of the complex. The phenogram showed two groups. One included D. maxonii and D. wallichiana, while the second grouped the four species of the complex. These species were distinguished by the shape and margin of their rhizome scales, color of stipe, and shape of the blade. A combination of morphological characters supports the recognition of the four species as valid. An identification key is given and a taxonomic treatment is presented for each of the taxa.

Download Full-text

Macro- and micro-morphological study of fruits and seeds in the genus Geranium (Geraniaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.371.3.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 371 (3) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARYAM KESHAVARZI ◽

SOMAYEH ESFANDANI-BOZCHALOYI

Keyword(s):

Morphological Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Seed Color ◽

Hair Density ◽

Coat Pattern ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Diagnostic Importance

Geranium (Geraniaceae) is a genus with 325 species worldwide. In present study fruit and seed morphology of 832 individuals from 23 taxa of Geranium were collected from different habitats in Iran. Samples were examined by use of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphometric study involved 8 quantitative and 11 qualitative characters. Statistical analysis employed PAST software. Principal Component Analysis defined the most variable characters. Features as mericarp shape, mericarp and seed color, hair density, mericarp ornamentations and seed coat pattern were of diagnostic importance. Taxa of two subgenera are clearly separated based on selected fruit and seed characters. Seed macro and micro morphological characters were found useful for the taxonomic delimitations. Despite separation of the subgenera, some sections are mixed.

Download Full-text

Molecular and Morphological Diversity Studies of Five Cola (Schott and Endl.) Species in Ibadan, Nigeria

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i930266 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

ThankGod Timipanipiri Wood ◽

Elijah Ige Ohimain

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Floral Colour ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Dna Primers ◽

Ibadan Nigeria

Intra- and inter-species genetic diversity study was carried out comparing the molecular and morphological characters of five Cola species namely Cola acuminata, Cola nitida, Cola millenii, Cola lepidota and Cola gigantea collected from five locations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sixteen Cola accessions were analysed based on 7 quantitative characters, 12 qualitative characters and 8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers. From the quantitative characters studied, high significant difference across the location and species was recorded as leaf length had the strongest variability while the species obtained from Botany Nursery showed strongest locational effect on the vegetative leaf characters. All quantitative characters analysed were good determinants for delimiting Cola species. Cola lepidota recorded the highest variability compared to the other Cola species. Qualitative characters studied revealed that leaf surface, seed colour, and floral colour are strong characters for delimiting Cola species. Molecular analysis showed that 309 fragments were recorded, of which 28.5% were polymorphic while 8.4% were monomorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 for the 16 Cola accessions with a mean value of 0.67. Deductions from the combined effect of molecular and morphological characters showed high variability for the characters analysed and a likely monophyletic relationship for the 16 Cola accessions. Molecular and morphological determinants observed in this study can help Cola breeders identify species of interest. We recommend further research on the variability of Cola species.

Download Full-text

Taxonomic relationships and population differentiation of the south-western Eurasian Zelkova species inferred in leaf morphology

Dendrobiology ◽

10.12657/denbio.085.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 60-77

Author(s):

Anna K. Jasińska ◽

Beata Rucińska ◽

Gregor Kozlowski ◽

Laurence Fazan ◽

Giuseppe Garfì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

Discrimination Analysis ◽

Biometric Analysis ◽

The Third ◽

South West ◽

Leaf Variation ◽

Eurasian Species ◽

Two Populations

The relict tree species Zelkova abelicea and Z. sicula (Ulmaceae) occur in Crete and Sicily, respectively. Zelkova abelicea grows in approximately 40 localities in the mountains of Crete, while Z. sicula has been found in only two stands in Sicily. We compared 25 morphological characters of the leaves of both species and used statistical methods (Tukey’stest, discrimination analysis, principal component analysis, agglomeration) to reveal the differences between these two species, their relation to Z. carpinifolia (the third Zelkova south-west Eurasian species), and between the leaves from different shoot types. Our study represents the first comparative biometric analysis of the three Zelkova species localized in the western edge of the current geographic range of the genus. We found that the species differed from each other both, in terms of leaf form characters and level of leaf variation. Zelkova carpinifolia was clearly different from Z. abelicea, while the two populations of Z. sicula, SIB and SIA, were more similar to Z. carpinifolia and Z. abelicea, respectively. The latter finding supports the results of recent molecular studies suggestingt he hybrid origin of Z. sicula. Zelkova abelicea, Z. sicula and Z. carpinifolia differ each other in the leaf characteristics and level of phenotypic variation.

Download Full-text