scholarly journals Molecular and Morphological Diversity Studies of Five Cola (Schott and Endl.) Species in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
ThankGod Timipanipiri Wood ◽  
Elijah Ige Ohimain
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Floral Colour ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Intra- and inter-species genetic diversity study was carried out comparing the molecular and morphological characters of five Cola species namely Cola acuminata, Cola nitida, Cola millenii, Cola lepidota and Cola gigantea collected from five locations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sixteen Cola accessions were analysed based on 7 quantitative characters, 12 qualitative characters and 8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers. From the quantitative characters studied, high significant difference across the location and species was recorded as leaf length had the strongest variability while the species obtained from Botany Nursery showed strongest locational effect on the vegetative leaf characters. All quantitative characters analysed were good determinants for delimiting Cola species. Cola lepidota recorded the highest variability compared to the other Cola species. Qualitative characters studied revealed that leaf surface, seed colour, and floral colour are strong characters for delimiting Cola species. Molecular analysis showed that 309 fragments were recorded, of which 28.5% were polymorphic while 8.4% were monomorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 for the 16 Cola accessions with a mean value of 0.67. Deductions from the combined effect of molecular and morphological characters showed high variability for the characters analysed and a likely monophyletic relationship for the 16 Cola accessions.  Molecular and morphological determinants observed in this study can help Cola breeders identify species of interest. We recommend further research on the variability of Cola species.

scholarly journals Keragaman Mutan Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Kualitatif; Diversity of Sesame Mutants (Sesamum indicum L.) Based on Qualitative Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vina Eka Aristya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Mutant Lines

<p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Sesamum indicum</em> L. adalah salah satu tanaman alternatif penghasil minyak nabati penting. Pendekatan pemuliaan melalui induksi mutasi berusaha untuk menghasilkan variabilitas baru populasi wijen, yang secara umum tersusun dari individu homozigot. Karakter morfologi berguna untuk mengidentifikasi galur dan memastikan hasil pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi wijen hasil mutasi berdasarkan 26 karakter kualitatif. Penggalian informasi dengan metode analisis kelompok juga dikaji untuk menggambarkan variabilitas genetik pada 57 galur mutan wijen (jenis hitam dan putih) generasi M4 dan M5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap: tahap pertama terdiri 18 galur generasi M4, dievaluasi pada Maret-Agustus 2015; tahap kedua terdiri atas 39 galur M5, ditanam pada November 2015 hingga April 2016. Pemeriksaan penampilan kualitatif mengikuti panduan <em>descriptor list</em> untuk wijen. Secara umum, penilaian representatif dari sifat kualitatif pada galur mutan wijen generasi M4 akan diikuti oleh keturunan generasi M5. Dendrogram dibangun untuk membedakan galur menjadi kelompok berdasarkan matriks tingkat kemiripan. Struktur populasi utama dari 57 galur berdasarkan sifat kualitatif dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok besar. Materi genotipe kelompok I diklasifikasikan menjadi dua sub-kelompok, terdiri 17 dan 31 galur. Sub-kelompok ini menjadi bagian distribusi genotipe terbesar. Kelompok II tersusun oleh 9 galur, mayoritas dari M4. Nilai korelasi antar karakter bervariasi antara 0,7176 hingga 1,0. Keragaman morfologi antar galur wijen dipengaruhi oleh sifat genetik dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Studi ini membantu seleksi galur terpilih berdasarkan kestabilan fenotipe. Evaluasi keragaman struktur populasi wijen mutan bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan.</p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Sesamum indicum</em> L. is one of the alternative crops that produces vegetative oil. The plant breeding approach through mutation induction could produce new genetic variability in sesame populations, which are generally composed of homozygous individuals. The study aims were to determine the diversity of sesame-mutant lines based on 26 qualitative characters. Cluster analysis method was carried out to describe the genetic variability of 57 sesame mutant lines (consist of black and white types) 4<sup>th</sup> (M4) and 5<sup>th</sup> generations (M5). The study was done in two phases, the first phases consisted of 18 M4 lines planted in March-August 2015; the second phase consisted 39 M5 lines planted in November 2015 to April 2016. Analyses of qualitative morphological characters followed the descriptors list for sesame. In general, a representative assessment of qualitative traits in M4 lines will be followed by the offspring of M5. Dendrogram showed that the 57 mutant lines categorized into two major clusters. Cluster I were composed of two sub-clusters, consisting 17 and 31 lines. This sub-cluster was the largest part of the genotype distribution. Cluster II composed of 9 lines, where M4 were the majority. The correlation value between characters ranged from 0.7176 up to 1.0. Morphological diversity among lines were largely influenced by genetic rather than environmental factors. This study supports the selection of lines based on phenotype stability. Evaluation of the structural diversity of mutant-sesame populations could be applied in sesame-breeding programs.</p>

scholarly journals The phytochemical and morphological diversity analysis of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. populations in South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-603
Author(s):  
Kourosh ZANDIFAR ◽  
Hassanali NAGHID BADI ◽  
Ali MEHRAFARIN ◽  
Majid G. NOHOOJI
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ziziphus Nummularia ◽  
High Diversity

Ziziphus nummularia is a multipurpose and tropical tree with medicinal, nutritional, industrial, and economic values. This tree, which belongs to the Rhamnaceae family, is originated from the South of Asia and North of Africa. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and morphological diversity of 20 wild populations collected from different Southern regions of Iran. Statistical significant difference ranges between population were found in respect to saponin of the leaf (2.2-5.4 mg/g) and fruit (1.2-3.2 mg/g), phenol of the leaf (0.7-2.9 mg/g) and fruit (0.03-0.4 mg/g), tannin of the leaf (0.8-3.5 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-1.7 mg/g), and flavonoid of the leaf (3.3-4.3 mg/g) and fruit (1.5-2.4 mg/g). A factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components (PC1-PC3) explain 79.04% of total variations. The first component (PC1) is explained by the most important traits of the PCA coefficient such as the leaf saponin, width of the end leaf, fruit saponin, length of the end leaf, leaf length and width, and leaf phenol with 42% of the total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. In general, the Izeh Tarakab population had the highest content of leaf and fruit saponin. The content of leaf and fruit saponin as the major secondary metabolite could be a good determinant for detecting diversity in the wild population of Z. nummularia.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Studies of Allium Akaka and A. Elburzense Native to Iran Using Morphological Characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hassandokht ◽  
Mahdi Taheri ◽  
Abdolkarim Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Wild Accessions

AbstractTwo Allium species (A. akaka S.G. Gmelin and A. elburzense W.) native to Iran are used locally as the fresh vegetables and in medical therapy. They are not cultivated, but are collected from the wild, thus, will soon be threatened with extinction. In this study, the diversity of 15 wild accessions (4 accessions of A. elburzense endemic of Iran and 11 accessions of A. akaka) collected from the north-western part of Iran were evaluated with the use of 16 qualitative and 16 quantitative characteristics. The morphological characters with high heritability included leaf length, flower number in umbel, inflorescence diameter, leaf dry weight, bulb fresh weight, weight of 100 seeds, seed length and seed length/width. Results of the principal component analysis indicated that 92.52% of the observed variability was explained by the first six components. The first two components explained about 64.74% of the total observed variability. The first and third hierarchical cluster analysis included all accessions of A. akaka. The accessions of A. elburzense, except one, were placed in a separate cluster. These morphological descriptors can successfully apply for evaluating morphological diversity of Allium wild accessions and can help in horticultural usage.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphological characters of different poplar species (Populus, Salicaceae) using the example of Russian and Central Asian Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus representatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nasimovich ◽  
Natalia Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Central Asian

Statistical analysis of 10 quantitative and 9 qualitative diagnostic characters of leaves and shoots of three Russian (Populus laurifolia Ledeb., P. nigra L., P. suaveolens Fisch.) and two Central Asian (P. usbekistanica Komarov, P. macrocarpa (Schrenk.) N. Pavl. et Lipsch.) poplar species of the Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus was performed. It was shown that according to studied quantitative characters P. nigra (Aegirus section) and P. suaveolens (Tacamahaca section) belong to opposite “poles”. This could be possibly due to the fact that the first species is the most common for lowlands poplar in said group, and the second species is the most mountainous and confined to the most severe climatic conditions. The natural areas of these two species are also geographically extremely far from one another. The other three species occupy an intermediate position both in their characters, in terms of growth, and geographically. In addition, they all hybridize in nature with Populus nigra, and Populus laurifolia also with P. suaveolens, which can also explain the intermediate nature of their characters. It was shown that the leaf characters, such as leaf length and width, leaf length and width ratio etc., reflect the specificity of the studied species somewhat worse than a number of specific characters (leaf maximum width position, leaf teeth height and lateral edge radius of curvature, leaf top length and width).

scholarly journals Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
WISANTI WISANTI ◽  
DURAN COREBIMA ALOYSIUS ◽  
Siti Zubaidah ◽  
SRI RAHAYU LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Wisanti, Aloysius DC, Zubaidah S, Lestari SR. 2021. Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats. Biodiversitas 22: 2853-2859. Marsilea is a hydrophyte fern that has plasticity often influenced by enviroment. Several of the species with different habitats or geographies show morphological variations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variations in morphological characters of M. crenata growing in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. A total of 38 plant samples were collected from their natural habitats including floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial types. Morphological variations data included 4 qualitative characters and 9 quantitative characters. The quantitative characters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA to test for differences, while the combination of both characters was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the distribution between groups. The data results showed a separate grouping pattern between aquatic and terrestrial populations. These two groups showed significant differences in 5 quantitative characters and 2 qualitative characters. However, emergent aquatic samples’ distribution pattern is closer to the terrestrial group. The characters’ similarity of these two populations was in ??the rhizomes air spaces area, the position between leaflets and absence of red streak on the abaxial lamina. Conclusively, the variations in M. crenata’s morphological characters indicate that this plant has experienced morphological adaptations to water availability in its environment.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic diversity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Amzeri ◽  
Kaswan Badami ◽  
Pawana Gita ◽  
Moh. Alfiyan Syah ◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Phenotypic And Genetic Diversity

Abstract. Amzeri A, Badami K, Pawana G, Alfiyan Syah M, Daryono BS. 2021. Phenotypic and genetic diversity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5223-5230. The assembly of hybrid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) varieties with superior characters is an effort to meet the needs of watermelon seeds in Indonesia and reduce dependence on imports of watermelon seeds.  The morphological characterization of exploratory watermelon plants is needed to support the assembly of superior varieties because morphological characterization will reveal the characteristics of each watermelon tested.  In addition, the genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, heritability, and correlation between characters are needed to support the assembling of the desired variety.  This research aimed to determine morphological diversity, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, heritability, and correlation among characters of watermelon from East Java, Indonesia.  The research used a randomized complete block design with ten genotypes as treatment and three replications,. The observed morphological characters were quantitative and qualitative characters.  The number of characters was 60 characters.  Eight quantitative characters, i.e., flowering date, harvesting date, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin thickness, fruit total soluble solids, number of seeds, and fruit weight were used to calculate the genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficient, heritability, and correlation between characters.  Quantitative character data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed with a Duncan Multiple Range Test (p<0.05).  The results showed that (i) Grouping based on morphological characters produces dendrograms with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.86 or there was a morphological diversity of 0.14 to 0.42, (ii) The phenotypic diversity coefficient (PDC) was greater than the genotypic diversity coefficient (PDC) in all observed quantitative characters, (iii) The broad sense Heritability values ?? of the tested watermelon genotypes ranged from 0.33 to 0.99, (iv) Fruit weight was significantly and positively correlated with fruit diameter, skin thickness, and number of seeds, (v) G1, G2, and G6 were the genotypes that can be used as parents to assemble superior watermelon varieties.

scholarly journals Agro-Morphological Diversity (Qualitative Traits) of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Paiyunpata Village, Baglung, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Study Sites

 The study was carried out in Paiyunpata, Baglung-13, which lies in the southern part of Baglung Bazaar, Central Nepal. The main objective of the present study was to study the agro-morphological traits of rice varieties cultivated in the study area and make easy ways for germplasm conservation. Direct observation and measurements were carried out to collect primary data.Agro-morphological characters of 19 landraces of rice in the study sites were measured in terms of qualitative characters and made ways easy for germplasm conservation. Besides, the varied landraces may besuggested to breeding for crop improvement, but patents should be that of the community.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological diversity (quantitative traits) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Baglung District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Quantitative Characters

Agro-morphological traits are the features of cultivated rice i.e. Oryza sativa L. Rice landraces differ from the other landrace in morphological features such as grain weight, culm number, and height of the plant. Nineteen different landraces of cultivated rice from Paiyunpata village, Baglung were studied and their quantitative characters were measured. The most varied landraces in morphological characters (Khate, Rato, Nepale, Anadi etc. i.e. species far from quadrants in PCA) are suggested for crop improvement. Findings from this research could be helpful for germplasm conservation.

scholarly journals Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Tanaman Ganyong

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tintin Suhartini ◽  
NFN Hadiatmi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Stalk Length

<p>Morphological Characteristics Variability of Canna (Canna edulis Ker.). Edible canna (Canna edulis) is the potential source of foodstuf. Edible canna have high carbohydrate and nutritions. The starch of edible canna can be exploited as a food materials and for industry. Evaluation and characterization were needed to get informations on characters of edible canna for genetic variability to improve edible canna varieties. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development has two groups edible canna collection, they are red edible canna and the white one. The result showed that morphological characters of 27 edible canna accessions were not different in their qualitative characteristics. Similarly in their 23 white edible canna have no difference qualitative characters. The red edible canna having red color on part of shoot, while in white edible canna having green color. The tuber of red edible canna having pink color and white color for white edible canna. The different were in the flower of white edible canna, there were 17 accessions having yellow color and 6 accessions having orange color. The quantitative characters of flowering, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf and leaf stalk length have low variability (&lt;10%). The characters of number of tiller per hill, tuber weight per hill and plant hight have high coeficient variability with the range of 14-21%. The tuber weight per hill had negative correlation with stalk length leaf and number of tiller/hill.</p><p> </p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstrak</strong></p><p>Ganyong (Canna edulis) merupakan sumber pangan potensial dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan gizi tinggi. Tepung ganyong bermutu tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi ganyong perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul ganyong dengan tujuan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik varietas ganyong. Plasma nutfah ganyong yang dikoleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian ada dua kelompok, yaitu ganyong merah dan ganyong putih. Hasil evaluasi dan karakterisasi terhadap 27 aksesi ganyong merah tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif antar aksesi. Demikian juga pada 23 aksesi ganyong putih. Pada ganyong merah, bagian tajuk didominasi oleh warna merah, sedangkan ganyong putih didominasi warna hijau. Umbi ganyong merah berwarna merah muda dan ganyong putih berwarna putih. Perbedaan terdapat pada warna bunga, 17 aksesi ganyong putih berwarna kuning dan enam aksesi warna orange. Keragaman karakter morfologis sifat kuantitatif ganyong merah dan ganyong putih rendah (&lt;10%), yaitu pada umur berbunga, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan jumlah daun. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan tinggi tanaman dengan kisaran 14-21%. Bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang tangkai daun dan jumlah anakan per rumpun.</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary study on morphological diversity of cowpea accessions [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] collected in the North of Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
ASSOUMAN Jean Simon Konan ◽  
DIARRASSOUBA Nafan ◽  
YAO Saraka Didier Martial
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
The North ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Qualitative Characters

The collection and characterization of the diversity of local cowling ecotypes is an important lever in defining the species’ strategies for varietal improvement. The purpose of this study was to generate information on the diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars in the savannah area of Côte d’Ivoire. Collecting missions were carried out from December 2017 to February 2018, among farmers and traders in nine departments in the north of Côte d’Ivoire. These missions brought together 48 local cowpea ecotypes in seed form. These accessions were characterized on the basis of eight morphological characters, including two quantitative characters (weight of 100 seeds and length of seeds) and six qualitative characters (color, shape, presence of stain, appearance, eye shape and color around the hilum of seed). Overall, the results showed considerable variability in seed coat coloration in varying proportions. Overall, 35.42% of the samples collected were white, 33.33% were red and 31.25% were other colors. The Multiple Correspondence analysis carried out using all the qualitative characters made it possible to group the 48 accessions collected into 16 morphological groups or morphotypes with distinct characteristics. In addition, they reflect a good part of the morphological diversity of cowpea accessions from the north of Côte d'Ivoire that could be exploited in varietal selection programs for the species.

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