scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equines of Mustang District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVI PRASAD DEVKOTA ◽  
Janak Raj Subedi ◽  
KOPILA WAGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Parascaris Equorum

Abstract. Devkota RP, Subedi JR, Wagley K. 2021. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equines of Mustang District, Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 3958-3963. The study was conducted from March 2018 to November 2018 in four villages of Mustang district to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equines (horses and mules). Fecal samples collected from 175 randomly selected equines (105 from horses and 70 from mules) were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and microscopically examined using concentration techniques to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found to be 84.57% with an incidence rate of 81.90% and 88.57% in horses and mules respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites between horses and mules did not vary significantly (p>0.05). Also no significant association (p>0.05) between the prevalence rate of parasites and study areas was observed. Among identified parasites in horses, Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (68.57%) followed by Strongyloides spp. (23.80%), and Parascaris equorum (14.28%) and in mules Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (80.0%) followed by Parascaris equorum (35.71%), Strongyloides spp. (28.57%), and Dictyocaulus spp. (5.71%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites showed no significant variation (p>0.05) with respect to age and feeding status. However, the prevalence rate significantly varied (p<0.05) with respect to parameters like infection status (single and mixed), housing condition and health status. The present study revealed a higher prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites due to poor husbandry practices and lack of adequate veterinary services. Therefore, improvement in housing and feeding system, awareness regarding effective regular deworming, and establishment of veterinary hospitals in the study areas were recommended.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Thyroid Carcinomas in North Macedonia (1999-2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110042
Author(s):  
Makazlieva Tanja ◽  
Vaskova Olivija ◽  
Stojanoski Sinisha ◽  
Manevska Nevena ◽  
Miladinova Daniela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Statistical State ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Histopathological Type

Objective: We have set as objective to analyze epidemiological data of diagnosed thyroid carcinoma (TC) cases, incidence and prevalence rate by gender, age, histopathological type, and statistical regions in R. of N. Macedonia during the period 1999 to 2015. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical data collected from the 2 state thyroid departments. Inclusion criteria included newly diagnosed cases of TC in appropriate years for the period 1999 to 2015. We have evaluated: yearly incidence rate, incidence and prevalence by gender, age, the distribution in 8 statistical state regions and histopathological types and subtypes representation. Results: A total number of 422 TC patients were detected, average incidence rate of 1.22/105, with most prevalent papillary TCs79.5%, followed by follicular 10.9%, medullar 4.1%, anaplastic 3.1%, and other rare types with 2.3%. The highest incidence rate was detected in Skopje region, while the lowest in Southeast and the Polog region. The total prevalence rate for the female gender was 32.61/104 and for male 9.27/104 (f/m ratio = 3.52:1), with lowest female/male difference found in the elderly > 65 years (f/m = 2.21/1). Conclusion: Compared with regional epidemiological data we can conclude that Republic of N. Macedonia has very low incidence and prevalence rate, while female/male ratio was similar to that described in the literature. Our low incidence and prevalence rate may be due to 2 possible reasons, 1 would be insufficient diagnosis of only small portion of the real cases in the population, or the second reason may be a real low incidence resulting of specific etiopathogenetic circumstances.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Miranda Donkeys: Epidemiology and Selective Control of Strongyles Infection in the Northeast of Portugal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ramalho Sousa ◽  
Sofia Anastácio ◽  
Miguel Nóvoa ◽  
Adolfo Paz-Silva ◽  
Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

In Portugal, equine parasitism in pasture animals is characterized by high parasitic burden and high helminthic biodiversity; both factors are potentially pathogenic for their hosts. The decrease in the number of donkeys over the last years in Portugal, their importance in rural lowland and mountain ecosystems and pastures and the scarce information regarding their parasitism led to this research, which aimed to evaluate the parasitological status of a Miranda donkey breed population, a native breed mainly located in the northeast of Portugal. This study provides better knowledge of their gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly strongyles, and the assessment of a targeted selective treatment (TST) as an alternative control approach of their parasitism. A longitudinal observational study was developed during a period of five years in a population of 62 Miranda donkeys. At first, strategic deworming of these animals was performed every semester, but this was progressively replaced by a TST approach according to the levels of Eggs per Gram (EPG). This new deworming strategy was conducted in association with a regular parasitological monitoring of the animals every three months, being dewormed with ivermectin when egg shedding was higher than 500 EPG. Over the study period, a decrease of the annual prevalence rate of infection by gastrointestinal strongyles was observed, from 35.5% to 19.4%, as well as a negative binomial distribution of parasitic strongyles in donkeys submitted to selective anthelminthic control. The prevalence rate of infection was higher in females (39.5%), in individuals under four years (46.7%) and in those presenting a lower body condition (40.8%). The egg output was higher in animals younger than four years (589.3 EPG) than in those older than 10 years (533.6 EPG) (p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed according to sex during the study period. Results from this study allowed to note the influence of swampy pastures and of the weather changes in the epidemiology of strongylosis in Miranda donkeys. Moreover, it was possible to establish the annual epidemiological curve of strongyle egg shedding, with June being the month with the highest EPG, December having the lowest EPG and March and September showing intermediate numbers. Overall, a lower biodiversity of gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Cyathostomum sensu lato was the most prevalent genus and Strongylus vulgaris was the most observed large strongyle of the Strongylidae family. Trichostrongylus axei and Parascaris sp. were other nematodes with a minor frequency. The higher prevalence of strongyles at the beginning of the study showed a progressive decrease throughout the research period, and also for parasite biodiversity. Therefore, a targeted selective treatment seems to be a rational anthelminthic control approach in Miranda donkey strongyle infection and in other gastrointestinal parasites, since it reduces the antiparasitic treatments, the parasite’ prevalence and the EPG level. However, a loss of parasite biodiversity was noted at the end of the study period, as Cyathostominae were the only isolated strongyles. This can be a challenging situation in the long run, taking the ability of these nematodes to adapt easily to any deworming program, meaning that fecal EPG monitoring should be kept as a rule to a rational parasite control program.

scholarly journals Veterinary needs of dogs in two resource-limited communities in the Gauteng and North West provinces of South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Minnaar ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

Information on the socioeconomic aspects and the health status of dogs in 2 resource-limited communities in the North West and Gauteng provinces of South Africa was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a standardised questionnaire. The dogs were examined clinically to determine their health status, and their body condition and age were scored. Most of the dogs (93 % in Jericho and 90 % in Zuurbekom) were infected with hookworm, which poses a threat to animal and human health in the 2 study areas. Many dogs were also being given a protein-deficient diet, which together with hookworm parasites would impact considerably on the dog's health. Dogs were mainly kept for security reasons. The need indicated to be most important by the residents of the 2 commnities was a lack of available and affordable veterinary services.

scholarly journals Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for whipworm (Trichuris sp.) in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Wren ◽  
Ian S. Ray ◽  
Melissa Remis ◽  
Thomas R. Gillespie ◽  
Joseph Camp
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Social Grooming ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Chlorocebus Pygerythrus

AbstractSocial grooming in the animal kingdom is common and serves several functions, from removing ectoparasites to maintaining social bonds between conspecifics. We examined whether time spent grooming with others in a highly social mammal species was associated with infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. Of six parasites detected, one (Trichuris sp.) was associated with social grooming behaviors, but more specifically with direct physical contact with others. Individuals infected with Trichuris sp. spent significantly less time grooming conspecifics than those not infected, and time in direct contact with others was the major predictor of infection status. One model correctly predicted infection status for Trichuris sp. with a reliability of 95.17% overall when the variables used were time spent in direct contact and time spent grooming others. This decrease in time spent grooming and interacting with others is likely a sickness behavior displayed by individuals with less energy or motivation for non-essential behaviors. This study highlights the need for an understanding of a study population’s parasitic infections when attempting to interpret animal behavior.

An epidemiological study of hysteria

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
K. C. Dube ◽  
Narender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Study Population

SummaryIn a comprehensive epidemiological study conducted by a census survey in a population of 29,468 individuals in the Agra region of Uttar Pradesh, northern India, 261 cases of conversion symptoms in the form of hysterical fits were detected constituting a prevalence rate of 8.9 per thousand (Dube, 1970). The study population consisted of residents in urban, semi-rural and rural areas. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. Females constituted 96.1% of all cases of hysteria. The highest incidence rate was in the age group 15–24 years. The role of caste, marital status and educational level, found to be associated with the occurrence of symptoms, has been discussed.

Impact of feeding system and infection status of the blood meal on Ixodes ricinus feeding

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ye Liu ◽  
Martine Cote ◽  
Richard E.L. Paul ◽  
Sarah I. Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Feeding System

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Donkeys in Selected Abattoirs in Kenya

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Mulwa ◽  
Samuel Githigia ◽  
Davis Karanja ◽  
Cecilia Mbae ◽  
Eberhard Zeyhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Strongylus Vulgaris ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Setaria Equina

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys slaughtered in Kinamba, Mogotio, and Lodwar slaughterhouses and their association with several host factors. A survey was done between July and September 2017 in three slaughterhouses. Faecal samples were collected per rectum from all the study donkeys for faecal egg counts (EPG) and morphological identification of the eggs. At slaughter, the gastrointestinal tracts were opened and examined visually, and all helminth parasites collected were subjected to morphological identification. Prevalence and intensity were calculated based on the helminth identified and EPG. A total of 282 donkeys were sampled. A majority of the donkeys (89%) were in poor body condition. Ten helminth parasite species were identified in 85.5% donkeys. They were Strongylus vulgaris (52.8%), Parascaris equorum (20.2%), Strongylus edentatus (12.1%), Anaplocephala perfoliata (10.3%), Setaria equina (3.5%) Anaplocephala magna (2.5%), Cylicocyclus auriculatus (2.1%), Cyathostomum species (1.8%), Strongylus equinus (0.4%), and Triodontophorus serratus (0.4%). A significant percentage (55.3%) had no eggs in their feces, 39% had low infection, 5% had medium, and only 0.7% were heavily infected. Prevalence rates via use of the EPG showed Strongyles (44.7%), Parascaris equorum (5.3%), Oxyuris equi (11%), Triodontophorus tenuicolis (0.7%), Habronema species (0.7%), and cestodes eggs (0.4%). No significant differences were observed between fecal Strongylus egg count and age, sex, and pregnancy status. However, donkeys with poor body condition shed more Strongylus eggs in feces. Helminth infections are prevalent in donkeys in Kenya; however, this is not reflected in coprological analyses. These helminth parasites may contribute to poor body condition, ill health, and poor productivity of donkeys.

The Role of Veterinary Sciences In Chemical Disasters and Emergencies

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe roles of the veterinary sciences in disasters and emergencies related to exposures of the environment to harmful chemicals are reviewed. Characteristics of chemical emergencies which require the use of the veterinary sciences are discussed. Veterinary services are important in the: 1) definition of the kind and severity of the pollution through biological monitoring; 2) use of animals as monitors of the environment; 3) use of changes in the health status of animals for identification of pathophysiologic changes to man and other animals (sentinels); 4) maintenance of the hygiene of elements of the food chain; 5) evacuation and management of animal populations; 6) disposal of carcasses; and 7) treatment and follow-up of involved animal populations. Veterinary services are important components of responses to incidents marked by chemical pollution and must be included in the development of contingency plans to meet the demands created by chemical pollution.

Primary lingual tuberculosis: a case report

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Gupta ◽  
K. J. Shinde ◽  
Ira Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
The World

AbstractTuberculosis is very common in India and Southeast Asia, where the prevalence rate is about four per 1000 population and the incidence rate of the disease is two per cent. Fifteen per cent of the tuberculous population of the world reside in India. Both secondary and primary tuberculous lesions of the tongue and oral cavity are rare. We report a 60-year-old male with the seventh case of primary lingual tuberculosis.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of MAPIA in Michigan as an Ante-Mortem Supplemental Test for Use in Suspect Tuberculosis Cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Heather A. Grodi ◽  
John B. Kaneene
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Interpretation Criteria ◽  
Interpretation Criterion ◽  
Screening Assays

The objective of this study was to make use of bovine tuberculosis suspect cattle from the state of Michigan to validate a multiantigen print immunoassay for use on sera to serve as an improved supplementary ante-mortem test to increase specificity of current tuberculosis testing methods. Over a 27-month period, 234 sera were collected and tested by MAPIA method, which was evaluated using four different interpretation criteria. These results were subsequently compared to final mycobacterial culture and PCR results obtained by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA, which served as the true indicator of the cattle’s tuberculosis infection status. This study indicates that an interpretation criterion which includes 3 or more positive reactions to the 11 different mycobacteria antigens utilized provided both an acceptable sensitivity (69.39%) and a high specificity (90.27%). This MAPIA technique shows potential for eventual application as a supplementary ante-mortem tuberculosis serologic test following one of the various current or soon-to-be-approved whole herd screening assays as part of a tuberculosis eradication program.

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