scholarly journals Caracterização CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS ORELLANA ◽  
Ailton Teixeira do Vale ◽  
Jorge Breno Palheta Orellana ◽  
Bruno Sant'Anna Chaves ◽  
Alessandro César de Oliveira Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Immediate Analysis

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS   BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS ORELLANA¹, AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE², JORGE BRENO PALHETA ORELLANA³, BRUNO SANT'ANNA CHAVES4, ALESSANDRO CÉZAR DE OLIVEIRA MOREIRA5   ¹Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] ² Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] ³Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] 4Laboratório de Bioenergia, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] 5Laboratório de Produtos Florestais, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: O Distrito Federal, apesar do seu restrito limite geográfico, tem apresentado potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento de uma das agriculturas mais tecnológicas do país. As atividades agrícolas geram expressiva quantidade de resíduos que podem se tornar um passivo ambiental se não forem corretamente destinados. Visando contribuir para que o agronegócio da região do DF seja mais eficiente e sustentável, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar alguns resíduos agrícolas para seu aproveitamento energético. Utilizaram-se 10 tipos de resíduos, a fim de determinar o teor de umidade, análise imediata, análise química, granulometria, poder calorífico, densidade a granel e densidade energética. Os resíduos que apresentaram características energéticas mais aceitáveis foram: madeira de madeireira, madeira de construção civil, palha de milho e sabugo de milho. O feijão foi satisfatório, com ressalvas para o teor de cinzas. A quirela de milho e de sorgo não apresentou aptidão como fonte de energia devido ao excesso de amido.   Palavras-chave: agricultura, bioenergia, biomassa, centro-oeste, energias renováveis.   CHARACTERIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES FROM FEDERAL DISTRICT REGION FOR ENERGY PURPOSES   ABSTRACT: The Federal District, although restricted geographical limit, has shown potential for growth and development of one of the most technological agriculture in the country. Agricultural activities generate a significant amount of waste that can become an environmental liability if not properly disposed. Aiming to contribute to the DF region agribusiness be more efficient and sustainable, this paper aims to characterize some agricultural residues for energy use. It was used 10 types of residues, where the moisture content, immediate analysis, chemical analysis, granulometry, heating value, bulk density and energy density were verified. The residues that presented the most acceptable energy characteristics were: timber, construction timber, corn straw and corn cob. The beans were satisfactory, with caveats to the ash content. Quirela of corn and sorghum showed no aptitude as energy source due to excess starch.   Keywords: agriculture, bioenergy, biomass, midwest, renewable energy.

scholarly journals Characterization of migrants in Goiás and the Federal District: 1980-2000

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Economic Analyses

Title in Portuguese: Caracterização de migrantes em Goiás e Distrito Federal: 1980-2000Abstract: This paper aims to characterize the migrants in the state of Goiás and the Federal District, concerning their region of origin and destination. This study utilizes the 1980, 1991 and 2000 Brazilian Censuses, provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The demographic, educational and economic analyses of migrants suggest that population flows are related to labor market opportunities, mainly those ones in direction to the Federal District and the micro-region of Goiânia. Migrants with lower socio-economic and educational status are moving to the municipalities around the Federal District. The migration flows in 1986–1990 suggest that the Federal District surrounding municipalities are the final destination of migration movements that start in urban areas with high costs of life. This area is becoming the new expansion area in the Center-West region for low income migrants from the Southeast and the Federal District.Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é de realizar uma caracterização dos migrantes do Estado de Goiás e Distrito Federal quanto à região de origem e destino. Este estudo é realizado com base nos dados dos Censos de 1980, 1991 e 2000 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As análises demográfica, educacional e econômica dos migrantes sugerem fluxos populacionais típicos de pessoas em busca de oportunidades de emprego, principalmente para o Distrito Federal e microrregião de Goiânia. Migrantes de menor nível socioeconômico e educacional se direcionam para o entorno de Brasília. Os fluxos migratórios de 1986–1990 sugerem que o entorno de Brasília é a região de absorção final de movimentos migratórios, provenientes de centros urbanos com alto custo de vida. Essa microrregião está se caracterizando como uma nova área de expansão no Centro-Oeste para migrantes de baixa renda do Sudeste e Distrito Federal.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTES FROM SEPTAGE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT TRUCKS IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT, BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Adriane Dias da Silva Lisboa ◽  
Yovanka Pérez Ginoris ◽  
Marco Antonio Almeida de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Grease Trap Waste

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In the Federal District of Brazil, the cleaning waste from on-site sanitation facilities is transported by septage trucks to sewage treatment plants (STPs) to be treated in conjunction with sewage. This research aimed to characterize the waste from septage trucks that were discharged in the two STPs in Brasilia, Federal District of Brazil. The methodology included the characterization (sampling and laboratory tests) of waste samples collected from septage trucks that discharged waste at the two STPs in Brasília, and the collection of information on the origin of this waste and the frequency of cleaning the on-site sanitation units. Great variability was found in the frequency of cleaning cesspools and septic tanks. The cleaning of the on-site sanitation facilities took place daily in some places and monthly in the remaining sites, and eventually, facilities with annual cleaning were reported. The characteristic that had the lowest variation coefficient was the pH. The presence of large concentrations of oils and greases in the residues of the septage trucks is a major inconvenience. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge of the characteristics of waste from septage trucks, its management and proper treatment.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: septage; grease trap waste; septage collection and transport truck; oil and grease.</p><p> </p><p align="center">CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DOS CAMINHÕES LIMPA-FOSSAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL</p><p><strong>Resumo</strong></p><p>No Distrito Federal, os resíduos da limpeza das instalações de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto são transportados por caminhões limpa-fossas para as estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs) para serem tratados em conjunto com o esgoto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar os resíduos de caminhões limpa-fossas que descarregaram nas duas ETEs de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. A metodologia incluiu a caracterização (amostragem e exames laboratoriais) de amostras de resíduos coletadas dos caminhões limpa-fossas que descarregaram lodo de fossa nas duas ETEs de Brasília, e a coleta de informações sobre a origem desses resíduos e a frequência de limpeza das unidades de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto. Encontrou-se grande variabilidade nas frequências de limpeza de fossas e tanques sépticos. A limpeza das instalações de tratamento descentralizado de esgotos ocorria diariamente em alguns locais e mensalmente nos demais e, eventualmente, foram registradas instalações com limpeza anual. O pH foi a característica que apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação. A presença de grandes concentrações de óleos e graxas nos resíduos dos caminhões limpa-fossas é um grande inconveniente. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento das características dos resíduos de caminhões limpa-fossas, sua gestão e tratamento adequado.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: lodo de fossas e tanques sépticos; resíduos de caixas de gordura; caminhões limpa-fossas; óleos e graxas.</p>

scholarly journals Contributos para o estabelecimento de critérios de resoluções de conflitos de competência legislativa em matéria de licitação e contratos administrativos

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Aguiar Jardim De Amorim
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Specific Rule ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Conflict Resolutions

<p><strong>CONTRIBUTOS PARA O ESTABELECIMENTO DE CRITÉRIOS DE RESOLUÇÕES DE CONFLITOS DE COMPETÊNCIA LEGISLATIVA EM MATÉRIA DE LICITAÇÃO E CONTRATOS ADMINISTRATIVOS </strong></p><p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Com base na técnica de repartição vertical de competência, a Constituição Federal, no art. 22, XXVII, preconiza que caberá à União definir as normas gerais sobre licitação e contratos administrativos, permitindo, por outro lado, aos demais entes federativos legislar sobre normas específicas de acordo com as suas particularidades. Atualmente, é a Lei nº 8.666, de 1993, editada pela União, que cumpre o papel de definir as normas gerais sobre licitações e contratos administrativos. Contudo, com esteio na diferenciação entre “lei nacional” e “lei federal”, tem-se que a Lei nº 8.666/93, apresenta não só “normas gerais” – que ostentam âmbito nacional – como também normas de cunho “específico”. A despeito da inexistência de um critério preciso para a caracterização de “norma geral” e “norma específica”, é possível depreender, a partir da análise jurisprudencial e doutrinária, que enquadrarem-se como “normas gerais” os princípios, os fundamentos e as diretrizes conformadoras do regime licitatório no Brasil. Com efeito, a regulamentação das condições de participação no certame e demais nuances relativas ao procedimento licitatório poderão constituir objeto de normatização pelos Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios, desde que respeitadas as normas gerais fixadas por lei da União e o limites traçados quanto ao núcleo essencial dos princípios inerentes à atividade licitatória.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> Licitação; competência; federação; normas gerais.</p><p><strong>CONTRIBUTIONS FOR ESTABLISHING CRITERIA FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTIONS OF LEGISLATIVE POWERS ON BIDDING AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTS</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Based on the technique of vertical allocation of competence, the Federal Constitution, in art. 22, XXVII, recommends that it be up to the Union to define the general rules on bidding and administrative contracts, allowing, on the other hand, other federal entities to legislate on specific rules according to their particularities. Currently, it is Law No. 8,666 of 1993, published by the Union, which has the role of defining the general rules on bids and administrative contracts. However, with the distinction between "national law" and "federal law", Law No. 8.666 / 93 presents not only "general rules" - which have a national scope - but also "specific" rules. In spite of the lack of a precise criterion for the characterization of "general rule" and "specific rule", it is possible to deduce, from the jurisprudential and doctrinal analysis, that the principles, fundamentals and Guidelines for the bidding regime in Brazil. In fact, the regulation of the conditions for participation in the contest and other nuances related to the bidding procedure may be subject to regulation by the States, Federal District and Municipalities, provided that the general rules established by the law of the Union are respected and the limits established for the essential nucleus Of the principles inherent to the bidding activity.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Bidding; competence; federation; General rules.</p><p><strong>Data da submissão:</strong> 08/11/2016                   <strong>Data da aprovação:</strong> 08/12/2016</p>

scholarly journals Caracterização de acidentes graves e fatais nos registros de um centro de referência em saúde do trabalhador/Characterization of serious and fatal accidents with registration in the center of reference in occupational health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-744
Author(s):  
Daniela Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Gabriela Belarmino De Lima ◽  
Carolina Cangemi Gregorutti ◽  
Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Age Range

A existência de condições de trabalho inadequadas resulta em novas formas de adoecimento dos trabalhadores e desencadeia o aumento de acidentes e doenças relacionadas ao ambiente laboral. O objetivo foi identificar e caracterizar os acidentes de trabalho graves e fatais registrados no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Distrito Federal. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, caracterizado por uma amostra geograficamente definida, com base nos dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/NET) notificados durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Os achados revelaram que no período destacado foram notificados 997 casos de acidentes de trabalho graves e fatais. As notificações foram predominantemente com o gênero masculino (n= 872; 87,46%) na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (n= 898; 90,07%), que desenvolviam a ocupação de pedreiro (n= 118; 11,83%). A maioria dos acidentes ocorreram nos locais de trabalho (n=554; 55,5%), desencadeando fraturas da extremidade distal do rádio (n=32; 3,2%). A emissão da Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT) foi feita em 13,54% (n= 135) dos casos. Conclui-se que o reconhecimento dessas características é essencial para o planejamento de estratégias de prevenção de acidentes graves e fatais no trabalho, no entanto, ressalta-se a necessidade de investigação das principais causas de acidentes com ações de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador no ambiente de trabalho. Abstract The existence of inadequate working conditions results in new forms of sickness of workers and trigger the increase of accidents and diseases related for their working environment. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize serious and fatal occupational accidents recorded in the Reference Center on Occupational Health of Federal District. This is a retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach, characterized by a geographically defined sample, based on data from the Health Information Systems reported during the years 2014 and 2015. The findings revealed that has been reported 997 cases of serious and fatal occupational accidents in the period. The reports were predominantly male (n = 872, 87.46%) in the age range of 20 to 59 years (n = 898, 90.07%), whose occupation is bricklayer (n = 118, 11, 83%). Most of the accidents occurred at work sites (n = 554, 55.5%), triggering fractures of the distal radius (n = 32, 3.2%). The Communication of Occupational Accidents was done in 13.54% (n = 135) of the cases. It has been concluded that the recognition of these characteristics is essential for planning strategies to prevent serious and fatal occupational accidents, however, it is highlighted the need to investigate the main causes of accidents with surveillance actions on occupational health for their working environment.Keywords: Occupational Health, Occupational Accidents Registry, Health Information Systems.

scholarly journals Feasibility Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grain for Energy Use: Waste and Experimental Pellets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Arranz ◽  
Francisco José Sepúlveda ◽  
Irene Montero ◽  
Pilar Romero ◽  
María Teresa Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Initial Characterization ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Spent Grain

Waste production is increasing every day as a consequence of human activities; thus, its valorization is becoming more important. For this purpose, the usage of wastes as biofuels is one of the most important aspects of sustainable strategies. This is the case of the main waste generated in brewing industries: brewers’ spent grain (BSG). In this sector, microbreweries are not able to properly manage the wastes that they generate due to lack of space. Consequently, the transformation of BSG to a high-quality biofuel might be an interesting option for this kind of small industry. In this work, we carried out a physical-energy characterization of BSG, as well as pellets from this waste. The initial characterization showed slightly unfavorable results concerning N and ash, with values of 3.76% and 3.37% db, respectively. Nevertheless, the physical characterization of the pellets was very good, with acceptable bulk density (662.96 kg·m−3 wb) and low heating value (LHV; 17.65 MJ·kg−1 wb), among others. This situation is very favorable for any of the intended uses (for energy use or animal feed, among others).

Suitability of forms of preparing seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium Benth for exposure to the tetrazolium test / Adequação das formas de preparação de sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium Benth para exposição ao teste de tetrazolium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Martins de Mesquita Matos ◽  
Rosana De Carvalho Cristo Martins ◽  
Valéria Regina Bellotto ◽  
Lilian Gomes da Silva Rocha ◽  
Eloiza Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Dalbergia miscolobium or Jacarandá do Cerrado is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It occurs in the sensu stricto Cerrado and in the dystrophic cerradão. It shows potential for landscaping and for recovering damaged areas. It is an endangered species and therefore is protected by the law that prevents cut in areas of the Federal District (Decree No. 14.783/93). The purpose of this study was to determine the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium to assess viability in the tetrazolium test. We carried out the following treatments: i) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C, ii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed by a cut in the tegument and iii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed bya complete removal of the tegument. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey range test. The analyzes showed that the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium is the treatment in which there is a hydration followed by the complete removal of the integument. Where 78% of the seeds showed uniform staining, indicating that the seeds analyzed are of good quality. The other treatments, hydration and hydration followed by cutting, showed respectively 35% and 41% of viable seeds. RESUMO A Dalbergia miscolobium ou Jacarandá do Cerrado é uma espécie de leguminosa da família Fabaceae. Ocorre no sentido stricto Cerrado e no cerradão distrófico. Possui potencial para paisagismo e para recuperar áreas degradadas. É uma espécie ameaçada de extinção e, portanto, está protegida pela lei que previne o corte em áreas do Distrito Federal (Decreto 14.783 / 93). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor procedimento de prepararação das sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium para serem submetidas à análise de viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio. Foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: i) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C, ii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguida de um corte no tegumento e iii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguido de remoção completa do tegumento. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise de variância e o teste de médias de Tukey. As análises mostraram que o melhor procedimento para preparar sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium é o tratamento em que há uma hidratação seguida pela remoção completa do tegumento, onde 78% das sementes apresentaram coloração uniforme, indicando que as sementes analisadas são de boa qualidade. Os demais tratamentos, hidratação e hidratação seguida de corte, mostraram respectivamente 35% e 41% de sementes viáveis.

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8147
Author(s):  
Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽  
Rattikan Neamchan ◽  
Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽  
Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽  
Boonma Panpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Horizontal Drum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. C. Quintão ◽  
F. G. Silva ◽  
A. L. Pereira ◽  
W. N. Araújo ◽  
P. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
Enteric Adenovirus ◽  
Enteric Adenoviruses

AbstractHuman enteric viruses, such as enteric adenoviruses (HAdV), are known to be involved with gastrointestinal disorders, especially acute gastroenteritis. Several studies have used HAdV as an indicator of water quality, since they are considered highly stable and widely distributed viruses in water matrices. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype HAdVs in water matrices impacted by discharges of treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Wastewater treatment plants from the sanitary system of the Brazilian Federal District were assessed in 2018 and 2019. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from discharge points for each WWTP. Viral concentration based on adsorption-elution and conventional PCR was used for molecular detection, and positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Pluviosity data for the period in which the samples were collected were obtained. Our results demonstrated the presence of HAdVs in 27.2% (61/224) of the samples. The positivity was significantly higher in downstream samples compared to upstream. Moreover, the HAdV positivity was higher in downstream samples collected from receiving water bodies impacted by secondary-level WWTPs in comparison with those impacted by tertiary-level WWTPs. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of genotypes 40 and 41, with prevalence of HAdV genotype 41. Despite the predominance of HAdV-41, an increasing frequency of the HAdV-40 was associated with higher pluviosity. In conclusion, this study is the first documentation in the Brazilian Federal District dealing with the prevalence and diversity of HAdVs in several WWTP, along with their correlation with rainfall index.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

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