Vitamin D level and potential impact on immune cells in Beh�et�s disease

AbstractAlthough genetic and epidemiological evidence indicates vitamin D insufficiency contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS), and serum levels of vitamin D increase on treatment with cholecalciferol, recent metanalyses indicate that this vitamin D form does not ameliorate disease. Genetic variation in genes regulating vitamin D, and regulated by vitamin D, affect MS risk. We evaluated if the expression of vitamin D responsive MS risk genes could be used to assess vitamin D response in immune cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy controls and people with MS treated with dimethyl fumarate. We assayed changes in expression of vitamin D responsive MS risk (VDRMS) genes in response to treatment with 25 hydroxy vitamin D in the presence or absence of inflammatory stimuli. Expression of CYP24A1 and other VDRMS genes was significantly altered in PBMCs treated with vitamin D in the homeostatic and inflammatory models. Gene expression in MS samples had similar responses to controls, but lower initial expression of the risk genes. Vitamin D treatment abrogated these differences. Expression of CYP24A1 and other MS risk genes in blood immune cells indicate vitamin D response and could enable assessment of immunological response to vitamin D in clinical trials and on therapy.

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A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential?

Frontiers in Oral Health ◽

10.3389/froh.2021.832976 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Oleh Andrukhov ◽

Alice Blufstein ◽

Christian Behm

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Multilineage Differentiation ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties

Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.

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A Literature Review of the Potential Impact of Medication on Vitamin D Status

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s316897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 3357-3381

Author(s):

Michael Wakeman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Literature Review ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Potential Impact

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Serum vitamin D/25(OH)D associated with toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expression of immune cells in the saliva of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a preliminary study

Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery ◽

10.1051/mbcb/2020062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Hendri Susanto ◽

Bagus Soebadi ◽

Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽

Adiastuti Endah Pamardiati ◽

Hening Tuti Hendarti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Tlr2 Expression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) development. Vitamin D may involve in pathogen recognition through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in immune cells in saliva. This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D and TLR2 expression of immune cells in the saliva of SLE. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at the the SLE patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those who had signed informed consent involved to underwent unstimulated saliva collection and blood samples for TLR2 and vitamin D/25(OH)D examination. The correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration and salivary TLR2 expression was analyzed using the correlation test, linear regression with 95% confidence level. Results: Thirty SLE patients had a mean serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration of 9.98 ± 4.64 ng/ml. The mean of TLR2 expression of CD11b+ cells in saliva was 26.03 ± 20.92%. There was a significant positive correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration and TLR 2 expression of CD11b+ cells in the saliva. (r = 0.434; P < 0.05). Vitamin D/25(OH)D was the only predictor for TLR 2 expression. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentrations associated with TLR2 expression of CD11b+ cells in the saliva of SLE.

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Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases (part 1)

Ukrainian Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology ◽

10.30978/ujpe2021-3-6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

N. V. Volkova ◽

A. V. Solntseva

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Immunosuppressive Agents ◽

Thyroid Tissue ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Autoimmune Pathology

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are common autoimmune diseases, and their prevalence assessed as 5 % of general population. Currently, selective immunosuppressive agents for pathogenetic treatment of autoimmune pathology are being developed. Vitamin D with the known antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is also of great interest. The first part of the article reviews the roles of various immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which is necessary to reveal the therapeutic potential of calcitriol in these disorders. Classically, AIT was considered to be mediated by Thelpers type 1 (Th1), and GD — by Thelpers type 2 (Th2). This misunderstanding was based on the idea that humoral immunity is controlled by Th2 cytokines, and cellular immunity — by Th1. In the past decades, the role of new subsets of immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases is being studied, displacing the traditional paradigm of Th1/Th2 dichotomy. It has been established that Thelpers type 17 (Th17) play an important role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, previously classified as Th1dependent pathologies. The involvement of T and Bregulatory lymphocytes in the autoimmune process is also of particular interest. It was found that these cells accumulate in inflamed thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid pathology, but they are unable to suppress the immune response effectively. Further research will help to find out which immune cells can become targets for vitamin D agonists in the complex treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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Mobilising vitamin D from adipose tissue: The potential impact of exercise

Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1111/nbu.12369 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Hengist ◽

O. Perkin ◽

J. T. Gonzalez ◽

J. A. Betts ◽

M. Hewison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Potential Impact

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin D on Human Immune Cells in the Context of Bacterial Infection

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu8120806 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 806 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Edwin Hoe ◽

Jordan Nathanielsz ◽

Zheng Toh ◽

Leena Spry ◽

Rachel Marimla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Human Immune ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Molecular network of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing-based vitamin D receptor target genes

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458512471873 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1035-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jun-ichi Satoh ◽

Hiroko Tabunoki

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Deep Sequencing ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽

Target Genes ◽

Molecular Network ◽

Genome Wide

Background: Vitamin D is a liposoluble vitamin essential for calcium metabolism. The ligand-bound vitamin D receptor (VDR), heterodimerized with retinoid X receptor, interacts with vitamin D response elements (VDREs) to regulate gene expression. Vitamin D deficiency due to insufficient sunlight exposure confers an increased risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To study a protective role of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis (MS), it is important to characterize the global molecular network of VDR target genes (VDRTGs) in immune cells. Methods: We identified genome-wide VDRTGs collectively from two distinct chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) datasets of VDR-binding sites derived from calcitriol-treated human cells of B cell and monocyte origins. We mapped short reads of next generation sequencing (NGS) data on hg19 with Bowtie, detected the peaks with Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS), and identified genomic locations by GenomeJack, a novel genome viewer for NGS platforms. Results: We found 2997 stringent peaks distributed on protein-coding genes, chiefly located in the promoter and the intron on VDRE DR3 sequences. However, the corresponding transcriptome data verified calcitriol-induced upregulation of only a small set of VDRTGs. The molecular network of 1541 calcitriol-responsive VDRTGs showed a significant relationship with leukocyte transendothelial migration, Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and transcriptional regulation by VDR, suggesting a pivotal role of genome-wide VDRTGs in immune regulation. Conclusion: These results suggest the working hypothesis that persistent deficiency of vitamin D might perturb the complex network of VDRTGs in immune cells, being responsible for induction of an autoimmune response causative for MS.

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