scholarly journals Áhrif mismunandi hugtakanotkunar á viðhorf almennings

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Viðar Halldórsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Political Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Politicians deliver their messages through the use of language with the intention of creating public support for their ideas and actions. Politicians, therefore, apply certain concepts, in preference to others, to mark certain phenomena in a specific way in the common discourse. Therefore, concepts utilized by politicians need to be analyzed critically from a sociological and political perspective. This paper is built on a political discourse analysis of the strategic “normalization” of political concepts by Icelandic politicians. The Social Science Research Institute at the University of Iceland conducted a questionnaire survey on the attitudes of Icelanders towards three debated issues in contemporary Icelandic society: the legitimization of casinos, ways to finance major road constructions, and new laws on the abortion rights of women. To account for the effects of the politicians’ utilization of concepts, half of the respondents received a question with a “neutral” concept and the other half got a question with a “value-laden” concept on each of the issues. The hypotheses assumed that the more neutral concepts would gain more general support than the more value-laden concepts. The results indicate that the attitudes towards the three issues were mixed and, furthermore, that the use of different concepts does not seem to make much of a difference, since only one hypothesis was supported, whereas the other two were rejected. It can also be argued that the circulation of concepts and the conceptual literacy of the public are important issues in this context.

scholarly journals Sýn Íslendinga á utanríkis- og öryggismál

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Silja Bára Ómarsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The University

Icelanders’ views on security and foreign affairs since the end of the Cold War are an understudied issue. This article presents the findings of a large scale survey on the position and ideas about foreign affairs and security. The survey was conducted by the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Iceland in November and December 2016. The results of the survey are placed in the context of developments in security studies, with an emphasis on security sectors, ontological security, and securitization. The main findings are that the Icelandic public believes that its security is most threatened by economic and financial instability, as well as natural hazards, but thinks there is a very limited chance of military conflict or terrorist attacks directly affecting the country. These findings are incongruent with the main emphases of Icelandic authorities, as they appear in security policy and political discourse. It is therefore important that the authorities understand how to engage with the public about the criteria upon which risk assessments and security policies are based.

Digitalisierung und Nachbarschaft

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

There has hardly been any other development that has changed our everyday lives as significantly as digitalisation, and there is hardly anything as commonplace as neighbourship. Despite the links between these two concepts growing, they have been neglected in social science research in Germany so far. The prevailing sentiment is that the Internet and social media sites have no connection to the real world, but there are countless neighbourship groups on Facebook, Twitter hashtags named after neighbourhoods or entire websites, such as ‘nebenan.de’, which endeavour to strengthen local community bonds through digital means. In short, the social developments in this respect are already considerably more advanced than the knowledge that exists about it. This anthology makes a fundamental contribution to the sociological debate on digitalisation and neighbourship by aiming to provide an overview of the relationship between digitalisation and neighbourship on the one hand, and open up avenues for further research on the other. It therefore examines and systematises attempts to strengthen local community bonds using digital media from different perspectives.

Research in Political Behavior

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1045 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Of Colorado ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
The University

The five papers which follow were prepared during the summer of 1951 by the Social Science Research Council's Interuniversity Summer Seminar on Political Behavior. The seminar, which met at the University of Chicago, was attended by seven persons, who accept joint responsibility for the papers: Samuel J. Eldersveld, University of Michigan; Alexander Heard, University of North Carolina; Samuel P. Huntington, Harvard University; Morris Janowitz, University of Michigan; Avery Leiserson, Vanderbilt University; Dayton D. McKean, University of Colorado; and David B. Truman, Columbia University. Ralph M. Goldman met with the seminar as an associate, and later Elizabeth Wirth Marvick assisted in preparing some of the materials.The papers, one product of the seminar's work, were written to define and illustrate what the participants feel to be a significant contemporary development in political research. The first paper, “The Implications of Research in Political Behavior,” outlines some of the requirements, characteristics, and implications of political behavior research. It is followed by plans for three research projects, “Party and Administrative Responsibility: Council-Manager Government,” “Political Participation in a Metropolitan District: A Study of Group Influence on Political Activity,” and “The Roles of Congressional Leaders: National Party vs. Constituency,” drawn up in accordance with these specifications.

Research Facilities in Tunisia

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Michelle Raccagni
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Research in the social sciences in Tunisia is stronger than it is in most Arab countries and compares favorably with Lebanon and Egypt. The several reasons for this position include an increasingly favorable attitude by the government toward the benefits of research, strong leadership within the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (CERES), the long financial support of the Ministry of Education and the Ford Foundation, and the large number of higher degree holders who are motivated for research. CERES, a section of the University of Tunis, is the focus of the social science research with a full and part-time staff of more than sixty professionals. While most of the staff have been trained in France, several have taken higher degrees in North America. Because of the rapid increase in the number of foreign researchers in the past few years, it will only be a matter of time before an incident occurs and the government places conditions or restrictions on all research activities. A serious incident has so far been avoided in large part because of the close communication that most foreigners have maintained with their Tunisian colleagues.. The single most important thing that can be done to maintain the present research climate, in addition to the usual courtesies, is the distribution of both preliminary and final reports of research for comment and publication. Distribution should include the relevant ministries plus those individuals who personally aided the work. The editors of the Revue des Sciences Sociales Tunisiennes, the periodical of CERES, are interested in publishing articles in either French or English, as well as short pieces on the status of research.

The Strategy and Attribution Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties 1The preparation of this article was supported by a grant from the Social Science Research Council of Finland. We are grateful to Michael Berzonsky for his helpful comments on an earlier draft.

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari-Erik Nurmi ◽  
Katariina Salmela-Aro ◽  
Tarja Haavisto
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire ◽  
Validity Criteria ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
The University

It has been suggested that people's cognitive and attributional strategies influence the extent to which they are successful in various situations. A 60-item self-report scale for measuring these strategies was developed. This Strategy and Attribution Questionnaire (SAQ) comprised ten subscales: (1) Success expectations, (2) Task-irrelevant behaviour, (3) Seeking social support, (4) Reflective thinking and (5) Master-orientation in an achievement situation, and (6) Success expectations, (7) Task-irrelevant behaviour, (8) Avoidance, (9) Master-orientation and (10) Pessimism in an affiliative context. An attempt to validate these subscales was made by correlating them with Rosenberg's Self-esteem and Self-stability Scales, a revised Beck's Depression Inventory, the Peer Relationship Measure, and the levels of task-irrelevant behaviour, test-anxiety, and grades in a university examination. This was done with a sample of 488 undergraduates at the University of Helsinki. The results showed that the SAQ subscales were moderately or highly, and in theoretically expected ways, associated with various validity criteria. Moreover, internal consistency and retest reliabilities were good. The results suggest that the SAQ provides a valid and reliable measure for identifying different types of cognitive and attributional strategy.

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