Planning by numbers: affordable housing and viability in England1

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Antonia Layard
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Planning Law ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
System A ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Calculative Practices

This chapter draws on the example of the English planning system to examine the role of lawyers and planning law structures and judgements in shaping local decisions. It focuses, in particular, on the growing reliance on quantitative evidence in understanding urban problems, which have an impact on how cities are governed. The chapter shows how the calculative approach to viability illustrates the technocracy currently so prevalent in the English planning system. A reliance on numbers runs throughout the framework: in objective assessments of housing need, efficiency targets for local planning authorities, governance by statistics, and annual reports. It is viability assessments, however, that are so dominated by commercial calculative practices, particularly profit and loss.

Biodiversity Offsetting and the English Planning System: A Regulatory Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-557
Author(s):  
John Condon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
System A ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Contractual Governance ◽  
Regulatory Analysis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Under the Environment Bill, the UK government plans to formally implement biodiversity offsetting in the English planning system as a way to reduce the impact of development on biodiversity. Certain developments will be required to achieve a ‘biodiversity gain’ through the use of developer contributions. This article provides a regulatory analysis, assessing whether the planning system supports the key requirements of biodiversity offsetting, most notably the need to protect biodiversity. The lens of contractual governance is used to spotlight problems with local planning authorities negotiating environmental objectives with developers when other planning objectives are also ‘on the table’. The wider planning system is also addressed, where it is argued that environmental objectives are undermined by a lack of central policy and coordination to regulate the decision-making of local planning authorities. The case is made for an ‘ecological’ approach to planning as means of more reliably protecting biodiversity through offsetting.

Paths to improving the ideological and political dimensions of planning

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
Tim Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Implementing Change ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Climate Crisis

The book has uncovered many aspects of the functioning of planning in England which are seen as highly dysfunctional in terms of achieving good results in planning. It has been argued that this is due in part to the ideological and political mis-structuring of planning. This chapter makes a range of suggestions as to how these problems could be addressed. It draws in part on a recent review of the planning system, the Raynsford Review. That Review argued for the strengthening of local government, to make it the key actor in guiding a strong planning system, and in implementing change in every field, especially to create affordable housing and address the climate crisis. The chapter extends these proposals, in areas such as finding ways to improve the media system locally for planning and the associated scope for improvement of public deliberation. There is also a need to regulate the lobbying and pressure group world, to create something a bit closer to a level playing field of influence on central and local planning.

scholarly journals The accountancy of marketisation: Fictional markets in housing land supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110615
Author(s):  
Quintin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Calculative Practices

This article investigates the performative role of accountancy in embedding market mechanisms in public services. Drawing on the work of Karl Polanyi, it argues that marketisation can be understood as a work of calculative modelling in which the fiction of a self-regulating market is propagated through the concealment of the social and political practices on which it depends. Exploring this thesis in the marketisation of housing land supply, the article provides a forensic study of an accountancy procedure called the Housing Delivery Test that modelled an ideal housing market in the English land-use planning system. The study points to the importance of Polanyi's analysis in theorising the performativity of calculative practices in the project of marketisation, not as creating the economy they describe but in fashioning a fictional market.

INVESTMENT ACTIVITY AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
A.V. Korchemnaya
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

Competitiveness of Russia economy under modern conditions demands systemacy of public administration. As a result of creation of national strategic planning system a number of govern-ment programs aimed at the economy development of the Russian Federation and perspective en-trance of the country to the world market is carried out. One of the main tasks of the economy de-velopment is creation of favorable investment climate in the country, investment activity, attraction of investments into the economy of the country’s regions.

The SORS Decision-Making Support System: A statistical tool for better policy making in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovačević ◽  
Katarina Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trusted Data

Modern society is witnessing a data revolution which necessarily entails changes to the overall behavior of citizens, governments and companies. This is a big challenge and an opportunity for National Statistics Offices (NSOs). Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, when the public debate about the number of mortalities and tested and infected persons escalated, trusted data is required more than ever. Which data can modern society trust? Are modern societies being subjected to opinion rather than fact? This paper introduces a new statistical tool to facilitate policy-making based on trusted statistics. Using economic indicators to illustrate implementation, the new statistical tool is shown to be a flexible instrument for analysis, monitoring and evaluation of the economic situation in the Republic of Serbia. By taking a role in public policy management, the tool can be used to transform the NSO’s role in the statistical system into an active participant in public debate in contrast to the previous traditional, usually passive role of collecting, processing and publishing data. The tool supports the integration of statistics into public policies and connects the knowledge and expertise of official statisticians on one side with political decision makers on the other.

scholarly journals Reviewing Stranger on the Internet: The Role of Identifiability through “Reputation” in Online Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mirko Duradoni ◽  
Stefania Collodi ◽  
Serena Coppolino Perfumi ◽  
Andrea Guazzini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Social Acts ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Stranger

The stranger on the Internet effect has been studied in relation to self-disclosure. Nonetheless, quantitative evidence about how people mentally represent and perceive strangers online is still missing. Given the dynamic development of web technologies, quantifying how much strangers can be considered suitable for pro-social acts such as self-disclosure appears fundamental for a whole series of phenomena ranging from privacy protection to fake news spreading. Using a modified and online version of the Ultimatum Game (UG), we quantified the mental representation of the stranger on the Internet effect and tested if people modify their behaviors according to the interactors’ identifiability (i.e., reputation). A total of 444 adolescents took part in a 2 × 2 design experiment where reputation was set active or not for the two traditional UG tasks. We discovered that, when matched with strangers, people donate the same amount of money as if the other has a good reputation. Moreover, reputation significantly affected the donation size, the acceptance rate and the feedback decision making as well.

scholarly journals Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences Shaping the Neonatal Immune System: A Focus on Asthma and Allergy Origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
Azahara María García-Serna ◽  
Elena Martín-Orozco ◽  
Trinidad Hernández-Caselles ◽  
Eva Morales
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
System A ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Asthma And Allergy

It is suggested that programming of the immune system starts before birth and is shaped by environmental influences acting during critical windows of susceptibility for human development. Prenatal and perinatal exposure to physiological, biological, physical, or chemical factors can trigger permanent, irreversible changes to the developing immune system, which may be reflected in cord blood of neonates. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on the role of the prenatal and perinatal environment, including season of birth, mode of delivery, exposure to common allergens, a farming environment, pet ownership, and exposure to tobacco smoking and pollutants, in shaping the immune cell populations and cytokines at birth in humans. We also discuss how reported disruptions in the immune system at birth might contribute to the development of asthma and related allergic manifestations later in life.

scholarly journals The Relevance of the SH2 Domain for c-Src Functionality in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Víctor Mayoral-Varo ◽  
María Pilar Sánchez-Bailón ◽  
Annarica Calcabrini ◽  
Marta García-Hernández ◽  
Valerio Frezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Sh2 Domain ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Inactivating Mutation

The role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in human tumors has been always associated with tyrosine kinase activity and much less attention has been given to the SH2 and SH3 adapter domains. Here, we studied the role of the c-Src-SH2 domain in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To this end, SUM159PT and MDA-MB-231 human cell lines were employed as model systems. These cells conditionally expressed, under tetracycline control (Tet-On system), a c-Src variant with point-inactivating mutation of the SH2 adapter domain (R175L). The expression of this mutant reduced the self-renewal capability of the enriched population of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), demonstrating the importance of the SH2 adapter domain of c-Src in the mammary gland carcinogenesis. In addition, the analysis of anchorage-independent growth, proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, all processes associated with tumorigenesis, showed that the SH2 domain of c-Src plays a very relevant role in their regulation. Furthermore, the transfection of two different aptamers directed to SH2-c-Src in both SUM159PT and MDA-MB-231 cells induced inhibition of their proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, strengthening the hypothesis that this domain is highly involved in TNBC tumorigenesis. Therefore, the SH2 domain of c-Src could be a promising therapeutic target and combined treatments with inhibitors of c-Src kinase enzymatic activity may represent a new therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC, whose prognosis is currently very negative.

scholarly journals Planning out abjection? The role of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522110124
Author(s):  
Phil Jones ◽  
Lauren Andres ◽  
Stuart Denoon-Stevens ◽  
Lorena Melgaco Silva Marques
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Established Order

For Kristeva (1982) the abject not only caused visceral disgust but posed a threat to the established order of society. The abject is a product of particular times and places but limited attention has been given to understanding the process of transitioning away from abject status. We address this gap here through an examination of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa. The paper examines how the abject is fluid and resilient, evolving to fit a changing planning system and broader political economy where a discourse of abjection by race has been replaced by a focus on poverty.

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Why the Landscape Planning System in Sardinia Does Not Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7300
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Colavitti ◽  
Alessio Floris ◽  
Sergio Serra
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Landscape Protection

In Italy, after the introduction of the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape in 2004, the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP) has acquired a coordination role in the urban planning system, for the implementation of policies for landscape protection and valorisation. The case study of the RLP of Sardinia is a paradigmatic application to the coastal area of the island, which is considered most vulnerable and subject to settlement pressure. The objectives of preservation and valorisation of the territorial resources should be transferred into local planning instruments by adopting strategies aimed at the preservation of the consolidated urban fabric, at the requalification and completion of the existing built-up areas according to the principles of land take limitation and increase in urban quality. The paper investigates the state of implementation and the level of integration of landscape contents in the local plans that have been adapted to the RLP, using a qualitative comparative method. In addition, the results of the plan coherence checks, elaborated by the regional monitoring bodies after the adaptation process, have been analysed to identify the common criticalities and weaknesses. The results highlight the lack of effectiveness of the RLP, after more than a decade since its approval, considering the limited number of adequate local plans and the poor quality of their analytical and regulative contents in terms of landscape protection and valorisation. Conclusions suggest some possible ways to revise the RLP, focusing on the participation of local communities and the development of a new landscape culture.

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