The gift

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Fringe Benefit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Voluntary Donor ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Voluntary Community

This chapter looks at the nature of the gift of blood. The gift of blood has certain unique attributes which distinguish it from other forms of gift. The gift of blood takes place in impersonal situations, sometimes with physically hurtful consequences to the donor. Moreover, the recipient is in almost all cases not personally known to the donor; there can, therefore, be no personal expressions of gratitude or of other sentiments. If the principle of anonymity were generally abandoned, the consequences could be disastrous for givers and receivers as well as for all blood transfusion services. The chapter then presents a classification of the different types of blood donors: the paid donor; the professional donor; the pain-induced voluntary donor; the responsibility fee donor; the family credit donor; the captive voluntary donor; the fringe benefit voluntary donor; and the voluntary community donor.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Blood Groups and Level of Education of Blood Donors in Al-Najaf Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Pritee Chunarkar Patil ◽  
Darshit Ashokkumar Patel ◽  
Vidya Sunil Tale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Taxonomical Classification ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

Advancement in sequencing techniques and transformative progress in metagenomics provides an unprecedented platform for functional and taxonomic characterization of the enormous microbial diversity inhabiting and governing various biochemical processes of the freshwater sources. Metagenomic analysis of freshwater resources has led to the discovery and identification of novel microbial genes and an understanding of how microorganisms mediate energy and carbon. In this study, we report the taxonomical classification of bacterial sequences obtained from 6 dam reservoir sites in Pune city, Maharashtra, India. The analysis was performed using two different alignment tools: BLAST and Kaiju. The bacterial diversity was dominated by the presence of Vogecella indigofera, uncultured Proteobacterium, Wolinella Succinogenes, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Heliobacter billis. It was further observed that, despite an identical bacterial composition over various reservoir sites, there were nominal differences in the relative abundance of the inhabitant species. Almost all reservoirs were dominated by Vogecella indigofera (~29%) and uncultured Proteobacterium (~15%). A seasonal analysis performed using BLAST resulted in a number of species exclusive to the season and the site of their growth. A high proportion of unidentified sequences were also reported which demands sequential identification. The results obtained through BLAST and Kaiju, were significantly different, suggesting inconsistencies and inaccuracies in existing metagenomic reads comparison.

2. The different types of trust

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Clements ◽  
Ademola Abass
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Many ◽  
Primary Materials

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter examines the different types of trust, how they are used, and the nature of a trust. The many uses of trusts in the modern world, from pensions to the ownership of the family home and the preservation of family wealth are explained. The discussions cover the meanings of trust and property; what trusts are used for; what an equitable interest is; classification of trusts; resulting trusts; constructive trusts; implied trusts; Quistclose-type trusts; and wills and intestacies.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BOMBYCIDÆ

1888 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
A. R. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Family Groups

We have seen, Can. Ent., xix., p.156 et seq., that the Bombycidæ, or Spinner Moths, are characterized, as a whole, by their short, pecitnate antennæ, ample, velvety wings, thich bodies, small heads and sluggish habit, while the pupa is usually contained in a cocoon made by the caterpillar in its last stage. To almost all these characters the sub family groups offer exceptions, and we have seen that while Dr. Packard follows the tradition of Harris, Latreille and Linneaus, modern German writers break up the family into independent groups limited by structural features taken from the imago.

A note on the comparative anatomy of the clamps in the superfamily Diclidophoroedea (Trematoda: Monogenea)

Parasitology ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora G. Sproston
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Shapes

A re-examination of the haptoral sclerites forming the clamps, or ‘armoured suckers’, in Diclidophoroidea shows that they can be grouped into four main types, representing lines of evolution from what is here regarded as the primitive, or more generalized, form of clamp, that of the family Mazocraeidae. It has been shown that the form of the clamp skeleton must be regarded as of primary importance in the classification of the superfamily, since not only is it correlated with certain diagnostic characters of the soft parts of these worms, but it is usually fully developed some time before these parts make their appearance. Due attention has not always been paid to the detail of the clamps in systematic works, so that the position of some forms must remain uncertain until they can be redescribed. Owing to the sclerites often being twisted bars, curving through three dimensions, with the primary bars often jointed or fused, the appearance of different types of clamp is at first sight highly complex. The difficulty of interpreting them is increased by their being semi-transparent, and appearing of different shapes when viewed from various angles. These obscurities disappear when they are regarded as modifications of the fundamental plan found in Mazocraës and its allies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Blood Groups and Level of Education of Blood Donors in Al-Najaf Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-851
Author(s):  
Pritee Chunarkar Patil ◽  
Darshit Ashokkumar Patel ◽  
Vidya Sunil Tale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dam Reservoir ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Taxonomical Classification ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization

Advancement in sequencing techniques and transformative progress in metagenomics provides an unprecedented platform for functional and taxonomic characterization of the enormous microbial diversity inhabiting and governing various biochemical processes of the freshwater sources. Metagenomic analysis of freshwater resources has led to the discovery and identification of novel microbial genes and an understanding of how microorganisms mediate energy and carbon. In this study, we report the taxonomical classification of bacterial sequences obtained from 6 dam reservoir sites in Pune city, Maharashtra, India. The analysis was performed using two different alignment tools: BLAST and Kaiju. The bacterial diversity was dominated by the presence of Vogecella indigofera, uncultured Proteobacterium, Wolinella Succinogenes, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Heliobacter billis. It was further observed that, despite an identical bacterial composition over various reservoir sites, there were nominal differences in the relative abundance of the inhabitant species. Almost all reservoirs were dominated by Vogecella indigofera (~29%) and uncultured Proteobacterium (~15%). A seasonal analysis performed using BLAST resulted in a number of species exclusive to the season and the site of their growth. A high proportion of unidentified sequences were also reported which demands sequential identification. The results obtained through BLAST and Kaiju, were significantly different, suggesting inconsistencies and inaccuracies in existing metagenomic reads comparison.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

Analisis Perbandingan Manajemen Keuangan Ojek Online Dan Ojek Reguler Studi Kasus Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M. Koesmawan ◽  
Darwin Erhandy ◽  
Dede Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Finances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

In order to meet the needs of living which consists of primary as well as secondary needs, human can work in either a formal or an informal job. One of the informal jobs that is became the subject of this research was to become an ojek driver. Ojek is a ranting motorcycle.  Revenue of ojek drivers, accordingly, should be well managed following the concept of financial management. This research was conducted for the driver of the online motorcycle drivers as well as the regular motorcycle drivers they are called “The Ojek”. Ojek’s location is in Kecamatan (subdistrict) Duren Sawit, East Jakarta with 70 drivers of ojeks. The online ojeks earn an average of Rp 100,000 per day, can save Rp 11,000 to 21,000 per day, while, the regular ojek has an average income per day slightly lower amounted to Rp 78,500, this kind of ojeks generally have other businesses and always record the outflow of theirs money. Both the online and regular ojeks feel a tight competition in getting passengers, but their income can help the family finances and both ojeks want a cooperative especially savings and loans, especially to overcome the urgent financial difficulties. Almost all rivers, do not dare to borrow money. They are afraid of can not refund the money as scheduled.

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

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