scholarly journals Traditional Japanese pottery and its influence on the American mid 20th century ceramic art

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Johannis Tsoumas
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ceramic Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Post War ◽  
Aesthetic Values

The Japanese ceramic tradition that was to emerge along with other forms of traditional crafts through the Mingei Movement during the interwar period, as a form of reaction to the barbaric and expansive industrialization that swept Japan from the late nineteenth century, brought to light the traditional, moral, philosophical, functional, technical and aesthetic values that had begun to eliminate. Great Japanese artists, art critics and ceramists, such as Soetsu Yanagi and Shōji Hamada, as well as the emblematic personality of the English potter Bernard Leach, after caring for the revival of Japanese pottery, believed that they should disseminate the philosophy of traditional Japanese pottery around the world and especially in the post-war U.S.A. where it found a significant response from great American potters and clay artists, but also from the educational system of the country.  This article aims to focus precisely on the significant influence that postwar American ceramic art received from traditional Japanese pottery ideals. The author in order to document the reasons for this new order of things, will study and analyze the work of important American potters and ceramic artists of the time, and will highlight the social, philosophical and cultural context of the time in which the whole endeavor took place. 

scholarly journals Making the Countryside Global: The Bucharest School of Sociology and International Networks of Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Raluca Muşat
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War

The interwar period was a time when the rural world gained new prominence in visions of modernity and modernisation across the world. The newly reconfigured countries of Eastern Europe played a key role in focusing attention on the countryside as an important area of state intervention. This coincided with a greater involvement of the social sciences in debates and in projects of development and modernisation, both nationally and internationally. This article examines the contribution of the Bucharest School of Sociology to the creation of an idea of ‘the global countryside’ that emerged in the interwar years and only matured in the post-war period.

The Fin-de-Siècle Detective: ‘But My Job Don’t End There’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
And Control

This chapter re-examines late nineteenth-century detective fiction. It challenges views of the genre as a conservative phenomenon that reassures its readers by exposing and then vanquishing threats to the social order. Through analysing a range of detective fiction, involving male and female detectives, it highlights the frailties of the specialist knowledge the detective processes, and how it is more often the case that the genre testifies to the inadequacy of professional knowledge to apprehend and control the world, pointing a persisting and threatening sense of violence and social chaos that eludes the detective’s grasp.

Deglobalization and the Disintegration of the European News System, 1918–34

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Global System ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the late-nineteenth century, the world's news was shared among three European news agencies. This cooperation created an efficient and organized system of information exchange that distributed news to newspapers around the world. But by the interwar period that system had fallen into disarray. News that had taken hours to make its way from Austria to Australia could now take weeks. The League of Nations attempted to reconstruct a global system of information exchange and to regulate communications systems and tariffs that impeded the flow of news and information. Those efforts, however, failed. This article explores the phenomenon of deglobalization by using the breakup of the European news agency cartel in the interwar period as a lens. It is the story of how the European continent, which had been the central hub of the global news network became increasingly isolated from the rest of the world more generally.

Darwin’s Anachronisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Mexal
Keyword(s):  
Jack London ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Liberal Individualism

There is nothing wrong with having a conflicted or idiosyncratic political philosophy, of course. Jack London is large; he is allowed to contain multitudes. But by reading London’s letters in conjunction with the world he conjured in The Son of the Wolf, a more complete picture of his political imagination in the years leading up to 1900 can be grasped. The liberal individualism he denied can, in this light, be understood as emerging from the temporal dimension of his Darwinism (Reesman, Jack London’s, 11, 63). In other words, despite its setting’s apparent isolation from the modernity of late nineteenth-century America, The Son of the Wolf remains in thrall to the social landscape of the Southland.

scholarly journals The international congress as scientific and diplomatic technology: global intellectual exchange in the International Prison Congress, 1860–90

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Shafir
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Social Scientific

AbstractIn the 1870s, the American prison reformer E. C. Wines attempted to bring together representatives from every country and colony in the world to discuss the administration and reform of the prison, under the auspices of the International Prison Congress. This article tackles the challenge by exploring how the international congress operated as both a social scientific technology and a diplomatic forum that emerged from this short-lived world of amateur social science and diplomacy. It argues that the exigencies of the international congress as a social scientific space forced it to take on diplomatic and political functions that both imprinted a logic of comparability onto the burgeoning international diplomatic system and also caused the eventual exclusion of non-European polities from the congresses. It engages with recent scholarship in history of science specifically to understand the international congress as a technology that mediated intellectual exchange and scientific communication. By examining the challenges posed by the inclusion of non-Western polities in such communication, it attempts to reveal the multiple global histories of the social sciences in the late nineteenth century.

The Failed Campaign Against Prostitution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cult Of Domesticity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Reform Organizations

Protestants criticized prostitution because it threatened the family and ultimately civil society, and the Watch and Ward Society devised a campaign to shut down Boston’s red-light districts. These Protestant elites espoused traditional gender roles and Victorian sexual mores and endorsed the “cult of domesticity.” In the late nineteenth century, a number of reform organizations turned their attention to the “social evil,” as it was popularly called. The Watch and Ward Society’s quest to reduce prostitution placed it squarely within the larger international anti-prostitution movement. Moral reformers resisted all forms of policy that officially sanctioned or tacitly tolerated prostitution, instead arguing for its abolition. Their attempt to suppress commercialized sex eventually collapsed because of the lack of public support.

Sufis and the Sufi Lodges in Istanbul in the Late Nineteenth Century: A Socio-Spatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110252
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yusuf Yüksek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Social Profiles

This study investigates the socio-spatial history of Sufism in Istanbul during 1880s. Drawing on a unique population registry, it reconstructs the locations of Sufi lodges and the social profiles of Sufis to question how visible Sufism was in the Ottoman capital, and what this visibility demonstrates the historical realities of Sufism. It claims that Sufism was an integral part of the Ottoman life since Sufi lodges were space of religion and spirituality, art, housing, and health. Despite their large presence in Istanbul, Sufi lodges were extensively missing in two main areas: the districts of Unkapanı-Bayezid and Galata-Pera. While the lack of lodgess in the latter area can be explained by the Western encroachment in the Ottoman capital, the explanation for the absence of Sufis in Unkapanı-Bayezid is more complex: natural disasters, two opposing views about Sufi sociability, and the locations of the central lodges.

The Steel Heard ‘Round the World: Exposing the Global Reach of Indigenous Musical Journeys with the Hawaiian Steel Guitar

Itinerario ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
John W. Troutman
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Commercial Music ◽  
Kanaka Maoli ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
A New Technique

In the late nineteenth century, Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) physically modified guitars and created a new technique for playing them. In the years that followed, hundreds of Hawaiian troupes, engaging new entertainment circuits that crisscrossed the globe, introduced the world to their “Hawaiian steel guitar,” from Shanghai to London, Kolkata to New Orleans. While performing Hawaiianmele, or songs, with their instrument, they demonstrated new virtues for the guitar’s potential in vernacular and commercial music making in these international markets. Based upon archival research, this essay considers the careers of several Hawaiian guitarists who travelled the world in the early twentieth century, connecting local soundscapes through the proliferation of an indigenous technology.

scholarly journals Leprosy and the elusive M. leprae: colonial and imperial medical exchanges in the nineteenth century

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 13-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
Models Of Disease

In the 1800s, humoral understandings of leprosy successively give way to disease models based on morbid anatomy, physiopathology, and bacteriology. Linkages between these disease models were reinforced by the ubiquitous seed/soil metaphor deployed both before and after the identification of M. leprae. While this metaphor provided a continuous link between medical descriptions, Henry Vandyke Carter's On leprosy (1874) marks a convergence of different models of disease. Simultaneously, this metaphor can be traced in popular and medical debates in the late nineteenth century, accompanying fears of a resurgence of leprosy in Europe. Later the mapping of the genome ushers in a new model of disease but, ironically, while leprosy research draws its logic from a view of the world in which a seed and soil metaphor expresses many different aspects of the activity of the disease, the bacillus itself continues to be unreceptive to cultivation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document