Broth Microdilution and E-Test for Determining Fluoroquinolone Activity against Streptococcus Pneumoniae

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B Kays ◽  
Melissa A Graff
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test

OBJECTIVE: To compare broth microdilution and E-test minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae and to determine the effect of these in vitro MIC methods on the calculation of AUC0–24/MIC ratios. METHODS: Levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin MICs were determined by broth microdilution (incubated in air) and E-test (incubated in CO2) for 100 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean MIC were calculated. Steady-state serum concentration—time profiles were simulated for once-daily, oral dosing of levofloxacin 500 mg, gatifloxacin 400 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and gemifloxacin 320 mg. After correcting for protein binding, AUC0–24 of unbound drug was calculated for each regimen, and AUC0–24/MIC ratios were calculated using MIC data from both in vitro methods. Differences in MICs between methods were determined for each agent using the paired t-test (after logarithmic transformation of MICs) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Differences in AUC0–24/MIC ratios were also determined using the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance for all analyses was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Broth microdilution and E-test MICs were within ± 1 log2 dilution for 94%, 93%, 61%, and 35% of the isolates for levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin, respectively. Broth microdilution MICs were significantly lower than E-test MICs for all 4 agents (p < 0.001). However, a categorical change in susceptibility was seen for only 1 isolate with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin (intermediate by broth microdilution, resistant by E-test). AUC0–24/MIC ratios were significantly higher for each regimen when MICs were determined by broth microdilution compared with E-test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in the activity of the newer fluoroquinolones against S. pneumoniae when MICs are determined by broth microdilution and E-test. When evaluating fluoroquinolone activity and pharmacodynamics against this organism, clinicians must be aware that MIC testing methodology may have a significant impact on the results.

Statistical inference and residual analysis for the evaluation of datum transformation models developed on 3D coordinate data

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Abubakr Hassan ◽  
Dingfa Huang ◽  
Elhadi K. Mustafa ◽  
Yahaya Mahama ◽  
Mohamed A. Damos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Paired T Test

AbstractThe evaluation of geoscience data is a far-reaching topic which cannot be systematically covered. The purpose of inferential statistics is to harness useful information from data for making decisions. This paper conducts in-depth statistical study for the Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky Badekas models of the three-dimensional transformation parameters. We also considered the combined and observation equations scenarios of these methods for the comparative study. Four key indicators are conducted to evaluate the performance of the two transformation models according to the residual results. These include root mean square error (RMSE), paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Cohen’s d effect size measure. RMSE evaluation is based on the mean difference between model estimates and observed values. The correlations in the model results is investigated based on paired t-test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assesses the statistical significance of the model’s paired differences. To estimate the effect size of the performance differences, Cohen’s d measures are computed. Further, the residuals of the estimated parameters are plotted according to their respective control points. The inference results of these tests generally show that Badekas transformation approach is more precise than Bursa-Wolf. Specifically, Badekas combined case is the most precise, followed by its observation case, then Bursa-Wolf combined and finally its observation case is the least performing model. The application of various data analysis and statistical verifications make the task of data interpretation and best model selection easier.

scholarly journals Composite Replacement of Amalgam Restoration Versus Freshly Cut Dentin: An In Vitro Microleakage Comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. E73-E82
Author(s):  
H Redwan ◽  
DN Bardwell ◽  
A Ali ◽  
M Finkelman ◽  
S Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Amalgam Restoration ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of the composite restorations when bonded to tooth structure previously restored with amalgam material compared with that of freshly cut dentin. Methods and Materials: Thirty intact, extracted intact human molars were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Class II box preparations were prepared on the occluso-proximal surfaces of each tooth (4-mm bucco-lingual width and 2-mm mesio-distal depth) with the gingival cavosurface margin 1 mm above the CEJ. Each cavity was then restored using high copper amalgam restoration (Disperalloy, Dentsply) and then thermocycled for 10,000 thermal cycles. Twenty-five of the amalgam restorations were then carefully removed and replaced with Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (3M ESPE); the remaining five were used for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. A preparation of the same dimensions was performed on the opposite surface of the tooth and restored with composite resin and thermocycled for 5000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples were randomly selected for dye penetration testing using silver nitrate staining to detect the microleakage. The specimens were analyzed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×. All of the measurements were done in micrometers; two readings were taken for each cavity at the occlusal and proximal margins. Two measurements were taken using a 0-3 scale and the percentage measurements. Results: Corrosion products were not detected in either group (fresh cut dentin and teeth previously restored with amalgam). No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of the two groups using a 0-3 scale at the occlusal margins (McNemar test, p=0.727) or proximal margins (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.174). No significance difference was found between the two groups using the percentage measurements and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test at either the occlusal (p=0.675) or proximal (p=0.513) margins. However, marginal microleakage was statistically significant between the proximal and occlusal margins (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no significant difference was found between the microleakage of nondiscolored dentin in teeth that were previously restored with amalgam compared with freshly cut dentin. However, marginal microleakage in the proximal surface was higher than that in the occlusal surface.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ABNORMAL RETURN DAN LIKUIDITAS SAHAM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH STOCK SPLIT PERIODE 2008-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Wening Asriningsih
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Stock Split ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstrak: Analisis Abnormal Return dan Likuiditas Saham Sebelum dan Sesudah Stock Split Periode 2008-2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan abnormal return dan likuiditas saham sebelum dan sesudah stock split di perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008-2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain event study, dimana dilakukan pengamatan 10 hari sebelum dan 10 hari sesudah peristiwa. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Uji Paired Sampel t-test dan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan abnormal return namun terdapat perbedaan likuiditas yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah stock split periode 2008-2012. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa stock split mampu meningkatkan likuiditas.Kata kunci: stock split, abnormal return, likuiditas.Abstract: The Analysis of Abnormal Return and Liquidity Before and After Stock Split in 2008-2012. This study is aimed to find out the differences abnormal return and liquidity before and after stock split at the companies listed for the period of 2008 – 2012. This study is using event study, in which the writer observed within 10 days before and 10 days after the event date. Data analysis that is uses in this research is Paired Sample t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The result of the study show that: there was no differences in abnormal return but there was a significant difference in liquidity before and after stock split. The result of this study indicate the stock split may improve liquidity.Key words: stock split, abnormal return, liquidity

scholarly journals Pengaruh Edukasi Perubahan Gaya Hidup Sehat terhadap Clinical Outcome pada Pasien di Rumah Diabetes Universitas Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Retna Eka Dewi ◽  
Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra ◽  
Lisa Aditama ◽  
Heru Wijono
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Outcome Parameter ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Prevalensi diabetes melitus yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya cenderung meningkatkan risiko komplikasi dan kematian akibat diabetes melitus itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi perubahan gaya hidup sehat terhadap clinical outcome (parameter klinis) pada pasien di Rumah Diabetes Universitas Surabaya. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan one group pretest-posttest yang diikuti oleh 27 subjek diabetes melitus di Rumah Diabetes Universitas Surabaya. Seluruh subjek diberikan edukasi (intervensi) dengan perangkat piring sehat dengan durasi 4 minggu. Pengukuran clinical outcome dilakukan terhadap gula darah puasa, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lingkar perut, dan tekanan darah. Uji statistika yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon signed rank test dan paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi perubahan gaya hidup sehat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan gula darah puasa (p<0,001), indeks massa tubuh (p=0,005), lingkar perut (p=0,005), tekanan darah sistolik (p=0,013), namun tidak signifikan terhadap tekanan darah diastolik (p=0,247). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa edukasi perubahan gaya hidup sehat berpengaruh terhadap gula darah puasa, indeks massa tubuh, lingkar perut, dan tekanan darah sistolik. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah keikutsertaan penderita diabetes melitus yang sedikit serta tidak adanya kelompok kontrol sebagai pembanding.

scholarly journals Treatment for anxiety using spiritual emotional freedom technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rima Pratiwi Fadli ◽  
Yola Eka Putri ◽  
Berru Amalianita ◽  
Nilma Zola ◽  
Ifdil Ifdil
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This study aims to describe SEFT and treatment in the treatment of anxiety. This study used rapport cases on three clients. The research instrument used is rapport Client Case, observation and depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. The data obtained were analyzed by T-Test Statistic Nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The findings from the study showed that before treatment, the level of anxiety at very heavy levels and after the treatment became mild and normal. Based on T-test results found that there is a significant difference in anxiety level of clients before and after treatment. This means SEFT is effective for reducing client anxiety.

Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Do Orthodontists Treat to Cephalometric Norms?

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Al-Balkhi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Cephalometric norms are important to orthodontists in their diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to establish if orthodontists treat and finish their cases to the cephalometric means or norms. Pre- and post-cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 35 orthodontically treated cases were analyzed. The Kappa test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Paired t- test, and Z-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The result revealed that orthodontists do not reach the cephalometric mean values post-treatment. However, sagittal maxillomandibular relationship and interlabial gap are the main areas of improvements. This leads to improvement of soft tissue esthetics by camouflaging the skeletal and dental relationship. Citation Al-Balkhi KM. Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Do Orthodontists Treat to Cephalometric Norms? J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:012-027.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MEDIA BUKU POP-UP DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MENARKE PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN PUBERTAS AWAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa’ Dewi ◽  
Rize Budi Amalia ◽  
Budi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Book Group

Abstrak Latar Belakang :Menarke merupakan kondisi fisiologis berupa menstruasi pertama yang dialami perempuan. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai menarke berdampak pada ketidaksiapan dalam menghadapi menarke.  Pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi dengan media yang sesuai dapat menjadi upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh pemberian media buku pop-up dan leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kuasi experimental dengan pendekatan pretest-post test control group design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 anak perempuan usia pubertas awal yang terbagi kedalam kelompok dengan intervensi media buku pop-up dan kelompok dengan intervensi media leaflet. Pengukuran pengetahuan tentang menarke menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Hasil: Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data pretest-postest pengetahuan pada kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001) dan pretest-postest kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001). Uji Mann Whitney U-Test data postest kelompok buku pop-up dan kelompok leaflet (p=0.002) (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Buku pop-up merupakan media yang lebih efektif dari leaflet untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal .Abstract Background: Menarche is physiological condition, the first menstruation that happen to women. Lack of knowledge can lead to unreadiness menstrual behaviour. Menstrual education by using visual media can be useful to increase menarche knowlede. This study aims to compare educational media of pop-up book and leaflet to increasing knowledge about menarche. Methods: The type of research was quasi experiment using pretest-posttest group design. The samples taken from 44 female students of SDN Banjarejo I dan II Bojonegoro. Samples consisting of 22 students as leaflet group  and 22 students as pop-up book group. Method of measuring knowledge using pretest and postest questionnaire. Result: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicate there was significant difference between pretest-posttest leaflet group (p=0,001) and pretest-postest pop-up book group (p=0,001). The result of Mann Whitney U-Test indicate there was significant difference of knowledge (p=0,002) beetween postest leaflet group and postest pop-up book group. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was the pop-up book was found more effective than leaflet in improving menarche knowledge

scholarly journals Penyerapan Informasi Masyarakat Terhadap Media Informasi Dinas Kominfo Kota Batam Studi Kasus Pembuatan Kartu Pencari Kerja Online

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Suci Tria Setianingsih ◽  
Nelmiawati Nelmiawati
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penyerapan informasi oleh masyarakat dan menguji pemahaman masyarakat terhadap media pembuatan kartu pencari kerja online Dinas Kominfo Kota Batam. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan survei, penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 60 responden (30 responden pengujian video dan 30 responden pengujian website) pada usia produktif dalam bekerja. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengujian tes yang dilakukan kepada responden berupa pemberian 10 pertanyaan sebelum dan setelah diperlihatkan media. Pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription Preview untuk Uji Shapiro-Wilk, Paired Sample T Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dari data yang telah didapat dari pengujian tes. Didapat hasil dari pengujian Shapiro-Wilk pada sebelum dan setelah diperlihatkan video “Aplikasi Pelayanan Online Kecamatan (APOK) bagian Kartu Pencari Kerja” yaitu sebaran data pengujian tersebut berdistribusi normal dan mendapat nilai 0,0075 < 0,025 pada pengujian Paired Sample T-Test. Selanjutnya, didapat hasil dari pengujian Shapiro-Wilk pada sebelum dan setelah diperlihatkan website https://apok.batam.go.id/ bagian kartu pencari kerja yaitu sebaran data pengujian tersebut tidak berdistribusi normal dan mendapat nilai 0,001 < 0,05 pada pengujian Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document