Composite Replacement of Amalgam Restoration Versus Freshly Cut Dentin: An In Vitro Microleakage Comparison

SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of the composite restorations when bonded to tooth structure previously restored with amalgam material compared with that of freshly cut dentin. Methods and Materials: Thirty intact, extracted intact human molars were mounted in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Class II box preparations were prepared on the occluso-proximal surfaces of each tooth (4-mm bucco-lingual width and 2-mm mesio-distal depth) with the gingival cavosurface margin 1 mm above the CEJ. Each cavity was then restored using high copper amalgam restoration (Disperalloy, Dentsply) and then thermocycled for 10,000 thermal cycles. Twenty-five of the amalgam restorations were then carefully removed and replaced with Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (3M ESPE); the remaining five were used for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. A preparation of the same dimensions was performed on the opposite surface of the tooth and restored with composite resin and thermocycled for 5000 thermal cycles. Twenty samples were randomly selected for dye penetration testing using silver nitrate staining to detect the microleakage. The specimens were analyzed with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20×. All of the measurements were done in micrometers; two readings were taken for each cavity at the occlusal and proximal margins. Two measurements were taken using a 0-3 scale and the percentage measurements. Results: Corrosion products were not detected in either group (fresh cut dentin and teeth previously restored with amalgam). No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of the two groups using a 0-3 scale at the occlusal margins (McNemar test, p=0.727) or proximal margins (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.174). No significance difference was found between the two groups using the percentage measurements and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test at either the occlusal (p=0.675) or proximal (p=0.513) margins. However, marginal microleakage was statistically significant between the proximal and occlusal margins (p<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no significant difference was found between the microleakage of nondiscolored dentin in teeth that were previously restored with amalgam compared with freshly cut dentin. However, marginal microleakage in the proximal surface was higher than that in the occlusal surface.

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Broth Microdilution and E-Test for Determining Fluoroquinolone Activity against Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1a119 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 416-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael B Kays ◽

Melissa A Graff

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

T Test ◽

Rank Test ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Paired T Test

OBJECTIVE: To compare broth microdilution and E-test minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae and to determine the effect of these in vitro MIC methods on the calculation of AUC0–24/MIC ratios. METHODS: Levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin MICs were determined by broth microdilution (incubated in air) and E-test (incubated in CO2) for 100 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean MIC were calculated. Steady-state serum concentration—time profiles were simulated for once-daily, oral dosing of levofloxacin 500 mg, gatifloxacin 400 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and gemifloxacin 320 mg. After correcting for protein binding, AUC0–24 of unbound drug was calculated for each regimen, and AUC0–24/MIC ratios were calculated using MIC data from both in vitro methods. Differences in MICs between methods were determined for each agent using the paired t-test (after logarithmic transformation of MICs) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Differences in AUC0–24/MIC ratios were also determined using the paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance for all analyses was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Broth microdilution and E-test MICs were within ± 1 log2 dilution for 94%, 93%, 61%, and 35% of the isolates for levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin, respectively. Broth microdilution MICs were significantly lower than E-test MICs for all 4 agents (p < 0.001). However, a categorical change in susceptibility was seen for only 1 isolate with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin (intermediate by broth microdilution, resistant by E-test). AUC0–24/MIC ratios were significantly higher for each regimen when MICs were determined by broth microdilution compared with E-test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in the activity of the newer fluoroquinolones against S. pneumoniae when MICs are determined by broth microdilution and E-test. When evaluating fluoroquinolone activity and pharmacodynamics against this organism, clinicians must be aware that MIC testing methodology may have a significant impact on the results.

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Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12244196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4196

Author(s):

Martina Eichenberger ◽

Anna Iliadi ◽

Despina Koletsi ◽

George Eliades ◽

Carlalberta Verna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Fine Diamond ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

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PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MEDIA BUKU POP-UP DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MENARKE PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN PUBERTAS AWAL

Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.20473/imhsj.v3i3.2019.226-234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Khairun Nisa’ Dewi ◽

Rize Budi Amalia ◽

Budi Utomo

Keyword(s):

Test Data ◽

Rank Test ◽

Group Method ◽

Group Design ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Book Group

Abstrak Latar Belakang :Menarke merupakan kondisi fisiologis berupa menstruasi pertama yang dialami perempuan. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai menarke berdampak pada ketidaksiapan dalam menghadapi menarke. Pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi dengan media yang sesuai dapat menjadi upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh pemberian media buku pop-up dan leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kuasi experimental dengan pendekatan pretest-post test control group design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 anak perempuan usia pubertas awal yang terbagi kedalam kelompok dengan intervensi media buku pop-up dan kelompok dengan intervensi media leaflet. Pengukuran pengetahuan tentang menarke menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Hasil: Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data pretest-postest pengetahuan pada kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001) dan pretest-postest kelompok yang diberi media leaflet (p=0,001). Uji Mann Whitney U-Test data postest kelompok buku pop-up dan kelompok leaflet (p=0.002) (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Buku pop-up merupakan media yang lebih efektif dari leaflet untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang menarke pada anak perempuan usia pubertas awal .Abstract Background: Menarche is physiological condition, the first menstruation that happen to women. Lack of knowledge can lead to unreadiness menstrual behaviour. Menstrual education by using visual media can be useful to increase menarche knowlede. This study aims to compare educational media of pop-up book and leaflet to increasing knowledge about menarche. Methods: The type of research was quasi experiment using pretest-posttest group design. The samples taken from 44 female students of SDN Banjarejo I dan II Bojonegoro. Samples consisting of 22 students as leaflet group and 22 students as pop-up book group. Method of measuring knowledge using pretest and postest questionnaire. Result: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicate there was significant difference between pretest-posttest leaflet group (p=0,001) and pretest-postest pop-up book group (p=0,001). The result of Mann Whitney U-Test indicate there was significant difference of knowledge (p=0,002) beetween postest leaflet group and postest pop-up book group. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was the pop-up book was found more effective than leaflet in improving menarche knowledge

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Terapi Kognitif Perilaku untuk Menurunkan Potensi Kekambuhan pada Narapidana Mantan Pecandu Narkoba

Intuisi : Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah ◽

10.15294/intuisi.v12i1.22276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

Ni Luh Krishna Ratna Sari ◽

Hamidah Hamidah ◽

Adijanti Marheni

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Rank Test ◽

Drug Addicts ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

Peredaran narkoba tidak hanya terjadi di berbagai tempat umum, namun juga di dalam suatu lembaga pemasyarakatan. Bagi narapidana yang merupakan mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi potensi mengalami kekambuhan yang menjadi semakin tinggi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan potensi mengalami kekambuhan adalah dengan pemberian terapi kognitif perilaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas terapi kognitif perilaku untuk menurunkan potensi kekambuhan pada narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di salah satu lembaga pemasyarakatan di Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif ekperimen dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah pusposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai negative ranks = 3 dengan nilai Z= -1.604 dan Asymp. Sig. = 0.109 (p>0.05). Hal ini berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan potensi kekambuhan narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan sebelum dan setelah diberikan terapi kognitif perilaku. Meskipun begitu, angka negative ranks menunjukkan bahwa seluruh skor posttest lebih rendah dari skor pretest sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi kognitif perilaku dapat menurunkan potensi kekambuhan pada narapidana mantan pecandu narkoba di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Drug trafficking not only occurs in various public places but also in prison. For the former drug addicts prisoners, this can affect the potential of relapse to become even higher. One effort to reduce the potential of relapse is by giving cognitive behavioral therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy to reduce the potential of relapse in former drug addicts at one of the prisons in Bali. This study uses quantitative methods with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed the value of negative ranks = 3 with Z values = -1.604 and Asymp. Sig. = 0.109 (p> 0.05). It means there is no significant difference in the potential relapse of the former drug addicts prisoners before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy program. However, negative ranks score indicates that all of the posttest scores are lower than the pretest score. So it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce the potential of relapse in former drug addicts prisoners.

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Effects of double-blind controlled calcium supplementation on calcium absorption in chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950032 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 311-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Warren T. K. Lee ◽

Sophie S. F. Leung ◽

Y. C. Xu ◽

S. H. Wang ◽

W. P. Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Rank Test ◽

Study Group ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Double Blind ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

A double-blind controlled Ca supplementation trial was conducted for 6 months in thirty-four 7-year-old Chinese children from Hongkong and Jiangmen, China. The children were randomly allocated to the study group (n 17) or control group (n 17), and a CaCO3 tablet (300 mg Ca) or a placebo tablet was taken daily. True fractional Ca absorption (TFCA) was evaluated before and after the trial using stable isotopes: 8 mg44Ca mixed in 100 g chocolate milk was given after an intravenous injection of 0·75 mg 42Ca. There was no significant difference in baseline TFCA between the study group (60·6 (SD 11·4)%) and the controls (58·2 (SD 9.0)% P = 0·55). Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were comparable between the two groups (P = 0·71). After 6 months, TFCA of the study group (55·6 (SD 12·7)%) was significantly lower than that of the controls (64·3 (SD 10·7)% P = 0·015). By comparing the individual changes in TFCA after the trial between the two groups there was a non-significant reduction in TFCA (5·03 (SD 12·4)% P = 0·11, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) in the study group (60·6–55·6%), whereas a significant increase in TFCA (6·17(SD 7·7)% P = 0·004, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was observed in the controls (58·2–64·3%). The differential in TFCA between the two groups after 6 months was significantly different (P = 0·001), and remained significant after adjustment for baseline dietary intakes, weight and height by multiple-regression analysis (P = 0·003). If the mechanism of TFCA from chocolate milk in response to the treatment effects is similar to that from the total diet, then our results suggest that children with adequate vitamin D status can adapt to a change in Ca intake by adjusting the efficiency of TFCA. In corollary, children on habitually-low Ca diets have a higher TFCA than the counterparts with higher Ca diets.

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The Influence of Laboratory Scanner Versus Intra-Oral Scanner on Determining the Implant Axis by Using Three Different Scan Abutments

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8543

Author(s):

Asaf Shely ◽

Shiri Livne ◽

Gil Ben-Izhack ◽

Michal Lokshin ◽

Shahar Har-Nes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Difference ◽

3D Model ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Rank Test ◽

Rotational Angle ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

3D Software

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the implant axis’ spatial position and orientation by using laboratory scanner versus intra-oral scanner with three different scan abutments. Methods: A 3D model was printed with an internal hex implant analog in the place of teeth 35#. Three standard scan abutments were used: MIS (two-piece titanium), AB (two-piece PEEK and titanium base) and ZZ (one-piece PEEK). Each scan abutment was scanned 30 times by TRIOS E3 (laboratory scanner) and 30 times by Omnicam (intra-oral scanner). For each scan, an STL (stereolithography) file was created, and the spatial characterization of each scan abutment was measured in the X, Y, Z coordinates, and rotational and longitudinal angles. The comparison between all the scans was conducted by superimposition of the STL files, using a 3D software. A t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. (p < 0.05) Results: Only the MIS scan abutment showed no statistical difference in the X and Z axes. (p < 0.05). All other scan abutments showed a statistical difference in all axes. The rotational angle of the AB scan abutment was twice the angle of the MIS and ZZ scan abutments. Conclusions: All three scan abutments showed a rotational deviation of the implant axis between the laboratory scanner and the intra-oral scanner. The AB scan abutment showed the greatest deviation (1.04 degrees) while the other two abutments showed deviations of about half a degree in relation to the laboratory scan abutment. There is a need for further studies which will examine the influence of geometry, material, and scan abutment parts on the accuracy of the scan obtained.

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Experimental Programming of Genetic Algorithms for the “Casse-Tête” Problem

International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing ◽

10.4018/ijamc.292513 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Search Space ◽

Rank Test ◽

Mutation Operators ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chromosome Representation ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

The Casse-tête board puzzle consists of an n×n grid covered with n^2 tokens. m<n^2 tokens are deleted from the grid so that each row and column of the grid contains an even number of remaining tokens. The size of the search space is exponential. This study used a genetic algorithm (GA) to design and implement solutions for the board puzzle. The chromosome representation is a matrix of binary permutations. Variants for two crossover operators and two mutation operators were presented. The study experimented with and compared four possible operator combinations. Additionally, it compared GA and simulated annealing (SA)-based solutions, finding a 100% success rate (SR) for both. However, the GA-based model was more effective in solving larger instances of the puzzle than the SA-based model. The GA-based model was found to be considerably more efficient than the SA-based model when measured by the number of fitness function evaluations (FEs). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirms a significant difference among FEs in the two models (p=0.038).

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The Effects of Dynamic Warm Up with and without Ball on Passing Performance and Drippling in Soccer

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i3.3906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Nurten Dinç

Keyword(s):

Health Problems ◽

Rank Test ◽

Warm Up ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Soccer Team

Introduction and Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mass warm-up specific to sports branch and dynamic warm-up on pass performance and dribbling in soccer.Method: The study was conducted on soccer team competing in amateur league. A total of 10 volunteers without any health problems and disabilities participated in the study. The participants performed two different warm-up protocols; namely dynamic warming and branch specific warming. Participants performed two warm-up protocols in 15 minutes. Following the warm-up protocols, the participants applied pass test and drippling. Intergroup analysis Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied in order to observe the effects of dynamic warm-up and branch specific warm-up of the participants on pass test and ball dribbling.Findings and Conclusion: Comparing the effects of branch-specific warm-up and dynamic warm-up on pass test, it has been observed that there is a positively and statistically significant difference in branch-specific warm-up compared to dynamic warm-up (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference has been observed on ball dribbling performance when comparing the warm-up protocols (p>0.05).

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Video Cartoons and Task-Induced Involvement: Effects to Pupils’ L2 Incidental Literacy Acquisition

English Language Teaching Educational Journal ◽

10.12928/eltej.v3i2.2461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Elaiza Flor S. Arabiana ◽

Dayvin Adrian Ember A. Malifer ◽

Helen Ranoco Betonio

Keyword(s):

Literacy Acquisition ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Rank Test ◽

Written Text ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Children's Literacy ◽

And Task

While most studies that explored children’s incidental literacy acquisition focused on input from written text, this quantitative-qualitative study investigated the effects of using audio-visual input through close-captioned Aesop’s Fables cartoons from PinkFong and Task-Induced Involvement (n=6 eight-year old pupils). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test reveals that there is a significant difference in the pretest, immediate posttest and delayed posttests scores after the intervention as shown in the 90%-95% confidence level. This study also examines quantitatively the interconnectedness of the four areas of children’s literacy skills: vocabulary, oral vocabulary and pronunciation, orthographic skill and comprehension after watching cartoons and engaging in tasks. Findings reveal a high correlation between the four literacy skills reflected as 95% confidence intervals. These findings reveal that incidental literacy acquisition is approached holistictically: the acquisition of one skill leads to the acquisition of the other literacy skills.

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Measurement of Tooth Wear by Means of Digital Impressions: An In-Vitro Evaluation of Three Intraoral Scanning Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5161

Author(s):

Christina Kühne ◽

Ulrich Lohbauer ◽

Stefan Raith ◽

Sven Reich

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Rank Test ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Wear Facet ◽

Wear Measurement ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Signed Rank Test

This in-vitro study aimed to investigate whether intraoral scanners (IOS) are suitable for wear measurement compared to optical profilometry (WLP). A zirconia cast representing the teeth (24–28) was fabricated. It was digitized six times using three different intraoral scanners, Cerec Omnicam AC (OC), Trios 3 (Tr3), and True Definition (TD). The scans were conducted at baseline (t0) and at three different stages of simulated wear (t1–t3), each at one wear-facet on FDI 26 and FDI 27. WLP was used as a reference method. Within each acquisition system, the maximum wear at each facet was analyzed by superimposing the STL data of t0 with t1–t3. A power analysis was performed (G*Power), and the Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test was used to evaluate whether there were statistically significant differences between the groups (Bonferroni corrected) (α = 0.05). At wear-facet FDI 27, differences from +4% t1 TD up to +19% t2 OC, corresponding to a metric value of 8 µm and 45 µm, were measured. At FDI 26 deviations between −2% t1 Tr3, and +10% OC and Tr3, were observed. Considering some limitations, the IOS are a promising alternative to wear measurement based on WLP due to its simple application to capture surface changes in a reasonable and quick way.

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