The social context of school playground games: Sex and ethnic differences, and changes over time after entry to junior school

This largely descriptive chapter introduces the reader to the specific features and functions of each type of hostelry and provides a broad-brush picture of their historical development, activities, ways they influenced each other, and importance in their role in out-of-home consumption of food, drink, and sociality. It outlines their social, economic, and political functions, and places them in their societal context. The pub was always the lowest in the social hierarchy among the three. Yet, it has been the longest survivor and has gradually taken over some of the functions formerly performed by inns and taverns. Inns and taverns, however, persist in the British social imagination and, where their buildings have survived, they lend distinction to a village or part of town. Both continuities and changes over time, as well as some overlap between the three hostelries, are described using examples of places and personalities.

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Internal Orientalization or Deorientalization? Disciplinary Conflicts and National Imaginations in China, 1912–1949

Modern China ◽

10.1177/0097700419857522 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 339-371

Author(s):

Liping Wang

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Context ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Groups ◽

Fundamental Question ◽

The Public ◽

Sociological Approach ◽

The Social ◽

Imperial China

Early twentieth-century China, as with other post-imperial states, faced the challenge of creating a nation encompassing different social groups and cultures. How to identify ethnic groups living in the borderlands and generate nationwide social cohesion became a fundamental question that concerned multiple intellectual communities. This article traces the formation of two approaches to ethnicity—ethnology and sociology—at that time. These two approaches, configuring “ethnic differences” in dissimilar ways, were received differently by the public. In the end, the ethnological approach prevailed and the sociological approach was marginalized. This outcome exemplifies a possible hierarchy of knowledge, but also involves the politics of knowledge. This article shows that the disparate visions of “ethnic others” were produced by intellectuals differently positioned within the social context of post-imperial China. The positionalities of these disciplines explain much of their intellectual alignment.

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Individuality and habits in institutional economics

Journal of Institutional Economics ◽

10.1017/s1744137419000171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 791-809

Author(s):

Heath Spong

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Social Environment ◽

Institutional Economics ◽

Individual Development ◽

Self Concept ◽

Structure Framework ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

AbstractIn this paper a sophisticated conception of individuality is developed that extends beyond simple heterogeneity and is consistent with the approach of institutional economics. Studies of human biological and psychological development are used to illustrate the foundations of human individuality and the impact of the social environment on individual development. The link between the social environment and ongoing agential properties is established through the role of habits, which provide some continuity to individual personalities over time and assist them in navigating the social context they inhabit. Reflexivity is established via an agency-structure framework that endows individuals a changeable self-concept and an ability to interpret their relationship to the social context. The coordination of different individuals is explained not simply through reference to institutional structure, but also through the agent-level properties of shared habits. While reducing differences between individuals to one of degrees, shared habits are shown to be particularly important in the context of agent-sensitive institutions. Finally, the potential for different institutional experiences to impact the reflexivity of individuals is explored.

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What makes employees engaged with their work? The role of self-efficacy and employee’s perceptions of social context over time

Career Development International ◽

10.1108/cdi-03-2015-0045 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 125-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Chiara Consiglio ◽

Laura Borgogni ◽

Cristina Di Tecco ◽

Wilmar B. Schaufeli

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Social Context ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

The Social ◽

Over Time

Purpose – Work engagement represents an important aspect of employee well-being and performance and has been related to both job and personal resources. The purpose of this paper, based on Social Cognitive Theory, is to emphasize the proactive role of self-efficacy which is hypothesized to predict work engagement, not only directly, but also indirectly through positive changes in employee’s perceptions of social context (PoSC); namely, perceptions of one’s immediate supervisor, colleagues and top management. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 741 employees of a communication service company completed two questionnaires, with a time interval of three years. Structural equation modeling was performed in order to test the hypothesized model. Findings – Results revealed that, as expected: first, initial self-efficacy predicts work engagement three years later; and second, positive changes in employee’s perceptions of the social work context across the three year period, mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and work engagement. Research limitations/implications – Results relied only upon self-report data. Moreover, each variable was only measured at the time in which it was hypothesized by the conceptual model. Practical implications – The significant role of self-efficacy as a direct and indirect predictor of work engagement suggests the development of training programs centered on the main sources of self-efficacy, specifically focussed on the social work domain. Originality/value – This research provides evidence of the substantial contribution of self-efficacy to work engagement over time. Moreover, the results also support the beneficial effects of self-efficacy through its influence on the improvements in the individuals’ perceptions of their social context.

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Two's Company, Three's a Crowd: Differences in Dominance Relationships in Isolated Versus Socially Embedded Pairs of Fish

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853903771980558 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 140 (10) ◽

pp. 1193-1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Peter Murch ◽

Craig Tovey ◽

Ivan Chase

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Cichlid Fish ◽

Dominance Behavior ◽

Dyadic Interactions ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

The Social ◽

Game Theoretic ◽

The Stability ◽

Over Time

AbstractWe performed experiments with cichlid fish to test whether several basic aspects of dominance were the same in isolated pairs as in pairs within a social group of three or four. We found that the social context, whether a pair was isolated or within a group, strongly affected the basic properties of dominance relationships. In particular, the stability of relationships over time, the replication of relationships in successive meetings, and the extent of the loser effect were all significantly less in socially embedded pairs than in isolated pairs. We found no significant winner effect in either isolated or socially embedded pairs. These findings call into question many current approaches to dominance that do not consider social context as an important factor in dominance behavior. These findings also cast serious doubt on the validity of empirical and theoretical approaches based on dyadic interactions. Among these approaches are game theoretic models for the evolution of aggressive behavior, experimental designs evaluating how asymmetries in attributes influence the outcome of dominance

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The Evolution of a Movement

Journal of Public Policy ◽

10.1017/s0143814x00008242 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 401-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Frank M. Andrews

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Indicators ◽

Social Policies ◽

The Social ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Social Indicators Movement ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

The Social Indicators Movement which emerged in the late 1960s was motivated by a broad and appealing idea. It is important to monitor changes over time in a wide range of quality of life, both for a population as a whole and for its significant subgroups, because such information, when combined with other data, can generate new knowledge about how to increase quality of life through more effective social policies.

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Intersecting Generations: Burying the Old in a Neolithic Hunter-fisher Community

Cambridge Archaeological Journal ◽

10.1017/s0959774313000243 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 227-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fredrik Fahlander

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

The Past ◽

Composite Approach ◽

The Social ◽

The Baltic ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Diet And Lifestyle ◽

Over Time

This article explores the potential of studying the social dimensions of old age and aged bodies in the past. Because old age is relative to life-expectancy figures, diet and lifestyle, calendric years are avoided when defining old age. Instead a composite approach is advocated that includes, for example, traces of wear and joint diseases to identify a threshold between adulthood and a period of seniority. The approach is applied to the Middle Neolithic burial ground Ajvide on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. Eleven individuals (six men, five women, or 18 per cent of the 62 analysed burials) are regarded as ‘aged bodies’. At Ajvide a majority of these individuals are buried in graves that overlap earlier burials containing younger individuals of the same sex. It is argued that this pattern is due to eschatological ideas of ‘generational merging’ of bodies. This practice changes over time, which is suggested to be a part of the overall hybridization processes at the site.

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MAKNA EKOKRITIK UNGKAPAN SUNGAI DALAM UJARAN SASTRA KALIMANTAN BARAT

Handep Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya ◽

10.33652/handep.v4i2.127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Khairul Fuad

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Analytical Tool ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Literary Works ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Literary Expression ◽

The Social ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

A river is an important part of the social and environmental management in West Kalimantan which becomes a marker of the community’s existence. Literature is the image of the management since it lives and develops according to its surrounding. The relationship between literature and rivers can be seen in the literary expressions The image of the river in literature changes over time which is seen in different expression of West Kalimantan’s poem. This paper used semiotic-dynamic as an analytical tool to find out the expressions of the river and its changes in literary expression. This analysis tool was used to obtain the dynamics of these literary expressions. In addition, an ecocritical method was also used to see the direction of river-related literary expression in West Kalimantan’s literature. The results show that the existence of rivers is an important pillar of people’s life in West Kalimantan as emphasized through literary works.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Multimorbidity Changes Over Time

Medical Care ◽

10.1097/mlr.0000000000001527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Ana R. Quiñones ◽

Jason T. Newsom ◽

Miriam R. Elman ◽

Sheila Markwardt ◽

Corey L. Nagel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Differences ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

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COMBINATION OF FUZZY-AHP AND DEMATEL-ANP WITH GIS IN A NEW HYBRID MCDM MODEL USED FOR THE SELECTION OF THE BEST SPACE FOR LEISURE IN A BLIGHTED URBAN SITE

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/20294913.2015.1056279 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 773-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ahmad POURAHMAD ◽

Ali HOSSEINI ◽

Audrius BANAITIS ◽

Hossein NASIRI ◽

Nerija BANAITIENĖ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Selection Process ◽

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Urban Site ◽

Urban Neighbourhoods ◽

The Social ◽

A Site ◽

Over Time ◽

Selection Of

Urban blight issues have transformed over time. Today, the focus is on the social context and such services as recreation and leisure. Considering that the insufficiency of leisure spaces in blighted urban neighbourhoods gives rise to social and cultural problems in Tehran, this research aims to identify the best leisure space in a blighted urban site. The selection process uses the combination of a new hybrid MCDM model and GIS. The integration of GIS and MCDM makes a powerful tool for the selection of the best leisure space in a site because GIS provides efficient manipulation, analysis and presentation of spatial data while MCDM supplies consistent weight of sub-criteria and criteria. The results show the interrelations between dimensions and criteria, also influential priorities and the most important sequences of those. Afterward, this study employs DANP to obtain the weight of each criterion and select a site for leisure using GIS, based on INRM from the DEMATEL method.

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