MAKNA SUNGAI DALAM RUANG HIDUP YANG BERUBAH: STUDI KASUS DAYAK NGAJU, KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The rivers flow on the island of Borneo have had a significant function for human life since a long time ago. The river has had a role in the dynamics of civilization and environmental evolution in human life until now. With the construction of road infrastructure, the significance of rivers for riverside communities has also changed. This study sees how Ngaju people interpret the river in a living space that changes with development. The research was conducted in two villages which show the characteristics of different locations, society, and development rates. The villages are Talingke village on the bank of the Katingan River and Pangi Village on the bank of the Kahayan River. Data collection were through observation, interviews, and literature study. The study shows that the characteristics of the river area, the community, and the development rates affect the community in interpreting the river. On the one hand, Pangi people start to leave activities in the river, but they still hold the values of the river in their lives. On the other hand, Talingke’s people still focus their activities on the river but no longer have river values in their lives.

PEREMPUAN DAN GAYA HIDUP BARAT DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA PADA AWAL KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA

The article came as the inheritance reconstruction of the colonial effect phenomenon in Yogyakarta after the declaration of independence. It is interesting to discuss how the people of Yogyakarta show an anti-Netherland attitude toward colonial heritage, which is interpreted widely as anticolonial and anti-Netherland, but accept western lifestyle in daily life. The spread of western lifestyles makes Yogyakarta women begin to reconstruct culture to look for a new identity in their life which is paradoxical with the mainstream attitude and behavior of Yogyakarta people at the beginning of Independence Day. The paper aims to explain the acceptance of women in Yogyakarta to western lifestyles in daily life amidst the strengthening of anti-western sentiment. This paper presents the historical study result using the historical method with the stage of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This study used modernization theory. Modernization has a significant influence on the easy access of women in Yogyakarta to keep up with the times. The study shows how western lifestyles grew and became a trend of women’s appearance in Yogyakarta at that time.

PROPAGANDA IDEOLOGI BUSHIDO DALAM FILM DJAGALAH TANAH DJAWA PADA MASA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG

This study aims to describe the propaganda of bushido ideology in the film Djagalah Tanah Djawa published during the Japanese occupation era. Japan had limited natural and human resources to face the Allies in the Pacific War. Java was seen as a region capable of meeting Japanese needs. Propaganda was needed so that the Japanese internalized the bushido ideology to the Javanese population. Some research problems are (1) the form of bushido ideology deeply held by the Japanese people; (2) the function of Japanese propaganda on Java; (3) the meaning of bushido ideology represented by the Propaganda Film Djagalah Tanah Djawa during the Japanese occupation. The research used the historical method. The research shows that bushido ideology influenced the whole outlook of life and social practices of Japanese society, especially during the Pacific War. This ideology was internalized in the propaganda film Djagalah Tanah Djawa. Its function was to attract Javanese people to be willing to take part in the Japanese program. The meaning stated that victory over the Allied occupation could only be achieved if the Javanese people made sacrifices and cooperated with Japan to realize “New Java”.’ Thus, Japan could dominate the consciousness and unconsciousness of the Javanese population.

MENJADI ISTRI DIPLOMAT: HURUSTIATI SOEBANDRIO DALAM MEMBENTUK CITRA INDONESIA DI INGGRIS 1947-1954

In the history of Indonesian diplomacy, there have been several outstanding diplomat figures who have made achievements, such as Soebandrio. Then, it is important to realize that the success of Soebandrio in connecting Indonesia with the world when he was in London and Moscow; and his role in various significant state missions cannot be apart from his wife’s role, Hurustiati Soebandrio. During Soebandrio’s career, Hurustiati’s diplomatic role began when her husband became the Indonesian Ambassador in London, at least from 1947 to 1954. During that time, Hurustiati took part in various efforts to build a good image of Indonesia to support the implementation of foreign policy. This study focuses on examining the role of Hurustiati Soebandrio as a wife of a diplomat from 1947 to 1954. Therefore, the study aims to present the role of women as diplomatic wives in the writing of the history of Indonesian diplomacy. In general, it also aims to encourage the writing of a history of diplomacy that pays attention to the role of women. This study employed the historical method by placing archives, magazines, and newspapers as primary sources. The study shows three images of Indonesia that Hurustiati formed in London, namely Indonesia as an independent country, a country that try to reach gender equality, and a multicultural county. To achieve these three images, Hurustiati made various efforts, such as giving official lectures, holding talks with diplomatic officials and their wives, and initiating exhibitions.

BUDI DAYA KELAPA DAN PEMASARAN KOPRA DI BUOL 1970-2019

As the price of copra increased in the global market, coconut cultivation in Buol received great attention in the early 20th century. During the New Order, the government paid attention again to people’s plantations, especially coconuts. Coconut cultivation was promoted in several areas, including Buol. This paper scrutinizes the cultivation process and development of copra production in Buol. The commodities were closely related because the cultivation process greatly affected the production of copra. This study used the historical method to suggest that the people of Buol were cultivating coconut because of its great benefits, including how easy it was to be processed. In addition, other findings of this study indicate that the price of copra at the plantation level was determined by interconnected factors such as the quality of copra, the marketing network, and the absence of koperasi (economic enterprise) as a market counterweight. The study also found that although they were seen as economic symbols for the Buolese, these two commodities did not contribute significantly to the welfare of Buolese, particularly the small farmers who do not have vast cultivating lands.

HAJI SULAWESI SELATAN PADA MASA NEGARA INDONESIA TIMUR (NIT) (1946-1950)

This article discusses two things. First, the historiography of the pilgrimage in South Sulawesi during the State of East Indonesia. Second, the correlation between rice and copra as commodities had impacts on economic growth in South Sulawesi. The method used in this article was the historical method by analyzing mainly contemporary archives. This study shows that the people in South Sulawesi can perform the pilgrimage due to the economic growth through rice and copra trade activities in this area, at least during the State of East Indonesia in 1946-1950. One of the benchmarks of economic growth is the number of people in South Sulawesi performing the pilgrimage, especially those who come from rice and copra producing areas.

UME KBUBU SEBAGAI WUJUD KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT BOTI DALAM MENJAGA KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN BENCANA

Local wisdom defined as the ability of a community to adapt to, organize, and manage the environment and culture that affects their lives. The research conducted in the Boti community of East Nusa Tenggara Province aims to describe and understand ume kbubu as a form of local wisdom of the Boti community in maintaining food security and protecting them from disasters. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The characteristics of this research data are classified as sensitive research data; therefore, it takes a long time to obtain. Observation and interviews were data collection techniques used in this research. The result indicated that the structure of ume kbubu shows the local wisdom of the Boti community in adapting to the environment and influencing the scattered settlement structures. In addition, the function and symbolization of ume kbubu are closely related to the local wisdom of the community in storing and managing staple food (corn), which is the strength of the Boti community in facing the food crisis. The settlement structure of the Boti community, supported by strict customary rules, becomes a barrier in social interaction that can protect the community from disasters, such as infectious diseases. The local wisdom of the Boti community is likely to be an input for the government to study various cultural aspects to deal with disasters.

MAKNA EKOKRITIK UNGKAPAN SUNGAI DALAM UJARAN SASTRA KALIMANTAN BARAT

A river is an important part of the social and environmental management in West Kalimantan which becomes a marker of the community’s existence. Literature is the image of the management since it lives and develops according to its surrounding. The relationship between literature and rivers can be seen in the literary expressions The image of the river in literature changes over time which is seen in different expression of West Kalimantan’s poem. This paper used semiotic-dynamic as an analytical tool to find out the expressions of the river and its changes in literary expression. This analysis tool was used to obtain the dynamics of these literary expressions. In addition, an ecocritical method was also used to see the direction of river-related literary expression in West Kalimantan’s literature. The results show that the existence of rivers is an important pillar of people’s life in West Kalimantan as emphasized through literary works.

KEBINEKAAN MELAYU STUDI MELAYU SAMBAS DALAM LINTASAN SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA

Sambas society has been shaped over a long history. Several folklores serve as the foothold in interpreting and referring to the dynamics of the past. This paper contains two popular stories, namely Sambas from the eternal friendship between Syamsudin and Saribas, and Sambas which is interpreted as three ethnic groups. The two stories became the basis for seeing the diverse Sambas. To reveal the diversity of Malay Sambas, the research was carried out in four stages of the historical method, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This study shows that the diversity in Sambas is recorded in the people’s collective memory, which aims to unite existing individuals.

JARINGAN PERDAGANGAN BERAS DAN DINAMIKA PELABUHAN EKSPOR DI SULAWESI SELATAN PADA 1930-AN

As the National rice barn, the Southern Sulawesi is often associated with the green revolution of the New Order Regime, especially since Indonesia succeeded the rice self-sufficency in 1984. Furthermore, Southern Sulawesi has an important role as rice supplier in Indonesia which was proven in 1930s. The state control is one of main factors supporting Southern Sulawesi’s success, along with another factor particularly environmental conditions and irrigation development. This article discusses the rice trade network and its relationship to the dynamics of export ports in Southern Sulawesi in the 1930s. By applying the historical method, this study employed primary sources, such as archives, journals, newspapers, and magazines. The findings show that the rice trade during the 1930s experienced a significant development as the state involved in the trade in 1933. The increase was seen in the trading system and the amount of exported rice. The increase which was seen in the trading system and the amount of exported rice indicates the significance of Southern Sulawesi as one of the rice barns in the Dutch East Indies. By describing the production areas, involved actors, export ports, and trade networks, this study shows the relationship between intra- and inter-regional trade.