Separation of Oil and Water in Oil Spill Recovery Operations

1999 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Gaaseidnes ◽  
Joseph Turbeville
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Separation Theory ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

The separation of water from oil that is collected in any oil spill recovery operation is a continuing and necessary requirement during every stage of the effort. Its importance is reflected in the cost of transport and storage of large volumes of oily water, the salvage value of separated oil and the added labor costs associated with long-term recovery operations.This paper addresses the effects of weathering and emulsion generation which increase the problems normally associated with water extraction. Separation theory, practical separation technology and recommendations for the future direction of research and development are presented.

Simulation the Fertility Parameters of Artificial Soils for Green Zones in the Infrastructure of Cities in Western Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. EREMIN ◽  
Diana V. EREMINA
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

A method is proposed for creating artificial potting soils on the basis of modeling optimal physical properties for the growth and development of lawn grasses and flower beds in the cities of Western Siberia. The properties of soils obtained by mixing the corresponding components with the specified characteristics of the granulometric composition and the main water-mechanical properties are studied. The work is based on regression formulas that are part of the mathematical model of fertility of artificial soils. When creating a fertile layer, any local materials (clay, sand, peat) can be used as components, which reduce the cost of transportation and storage of imported raw materials. The resulting soil is capable of ensuring the long-term growth of herbs and flowers in the conditions of urban development and the severe Siberian climate.

scholarly journals The Study of Soybean Chaff Pressing Process Depending on Its Fractional Composition and Humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Shishkin ◽  
E. Shulzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

A by-product of soybean production, as a non-grain part of the crop, can be used to meet the needs of livestock in providing complete feeding of livestock. Pressing the floor allows to reduce the volume of plant material in order to reduce the cost of storage and transportation, improve the safety of its nutrients during long-term storage. Therefore, the development of an efficient, cost-effective and less energy-intensive technology and a process line for compacting the soybean floor by pressing is a promising direction. The pile of the floor is a complex mixture of particles of different sizes, as well as voids filled with air. Equipment compaction chaff should provide a stable preparation of pellets under all the fluctuations of the moisture content and fractional composition of chaff. In 2018, research experiments were carried out in the Far Eastern Scientific–Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture to study the process of pressing the soybean floor, depending on its fractional composition and humidity, on the manufactured laboratory unit for compaction with the production of soybean floor briquettes. It was found that when the humidity of the sample increases from 9 to 21%, the energy consumption decreases by 17.1%. The coefficient of compaction of the floor when the humidity changes almost does not change. By increasing the length of the sex particles from 14 to 87 mm, the compaction coefficient increases by 73.3% and the energy intensity by 6.2 %. For transportation and storage of the soybean floor briquette, it is recommended to pack it tightly with polyethylene film or tie it with twine, this will increase the shelf life and eliminate losses.

Bio-Energy Cogeneration Systems With CO2 Separation and Storage

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hochenauer ◽  
U. Hohenwarter ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
B. Schlamadinger
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Permanent Storage ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Plant Efficiency

This paper compares three different bio-energy cogeneration power station concepts where CO2 is sequestered and available for permanent storage instead of discharging into the atmosphere. The different bio-energy cogeneration systems are: The pre-combustion capture of CO2 the post-combustion capture of CO2 from the flue gas and the combustion in an atmosphere of pure oxygen (Graz-Cycle). The three schemes, all based on a thermal input of about 150 MWth, are compared on the basis of their technological features, their performance, projected costs of electricity and CO2 mitigation costs. Compared to a conventional bio-energy cogeneration system, CO2 removal reduces net plant efficiency by 11 to 16 percentage points and increases the cost of electricity by approximately 54 to 89%. The scheme applying reforming and shift reaction and physical absorption of the syngas fuel appears the most appealing option for the short-term implementation of CO2 sequestration bio-energy cogeneration systems. The Graz-Cycle where the syngas is burnt in pure oxygen appears the most appealing option for the long-term option for CO2 sequestration.

scholarly journals Rail Track with Rail Compression

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
V. N. Sukhodoev
Keyword(s):  
Effective Property ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Rail Track ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The problem of damping the noise on the track, arising from the movement of the train, is solved sufficiently but it is simple, if the rail with spacers is laid inside the longitudinally located band sleeper-mechanism. The result is a layered rail thread, consisting of belts: a rail tape with elastic spacers on three sides, a tie-mechanism tape and a ballast layer. The unity of the layers is carried out due to their own mass. This is the static track without external load. Rail compression is an effective property of rail tracks. It is formed in the sleeper mechanism under the influence of vertical forces with displacements and their horizontal derivatives. When loading the track, the compression is carried out repeatedly with subsequent unloading.n this case, each previous changes in the conditions in work of the track are taken into account in the subsequent cycle of loading and unloading. A rail track with a rail compression is a kind of self-adapting linear system, which is necessary with frequent changes in load and operating conditions for silent performance of a functional purpose. The specificity of this path is that the movement of the wheel creates rail vibration and noise, which are immediately damped by compression with damping. The balance between the occurrence of noise and its suppression is achieved by the ratio of the lengths of half-sleeper shoulders as a lever. The condition for the appearance of a shift of the compression forces in the direction from vertical shoulder of the half-sleepers is the unequal settlements of the horizontal shoulder of the L-shaped half-sleepers and its eccentric loading. As a result of the research, the advantages of a rail track with rail compression have been revealed, which is a guarantor of the stability of the design parameters during long-term operation of the track. The cost of a rail track with rail reduction is halved as a result of steel savings, lower labor costs and operational needs.

FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OIL SPILL MODEL

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harilaos N. Psaraftis ◽  
J. D. Nyhart ◽  
David A. Betts
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT A research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has completed the first phase of development of a computer-assisted model for analyzing complex decisions and policies regarding oil spill cleanup. The model is the product of an ongoing MIT Sea Grant project sponsored by a consortium of government and industry organizations. The model can be used, among other things, in “strategic” planning for the long-term oil spill response needs of a region, in assisting on-scene coordinators in responding to a specific spill (“tactical/operational” setting), in evaluating the environmental and economic damages of a spill versus the cost of cleanup, in simulation and training, and in the analysis of various policy and regulatory issues such as delays, use of dispersants, and liability and compensation. The model is described in detail, with a focus on its potential uses. Some illustrative applications in the New England region are presented and applications of the model for the solution of Petro-Canada's dispersant logistics problem are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Investigation of latest techniques in carbon sequestration with emphasis on geological sequestration and its effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Anmala ◽  
Boindala Sriman Pankaj
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Geological Sequestration ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Capture Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

In the pursuit of development, man has polluted and exploited many resources provided by mother nature. In these pollutions, CO2 pollution has become the most concerning contemporary and sought after problem in the current scenario. Observations indicate that the Carbon concentration levels have exceeded beyond the threshold limits. Among the solutions available currently, Carbon-Capture and Storage (CCS) or Carbon Sequestration (CS) is the best solution considering the cost and efficiency of carbon removal from the atmosphere. In the available Carbon sequestration methods, a geological sequestration is a viable option for long-term sustainable storage of CO2. This article focusses on latest technologies developed with respect to Geological Sequestration and also on the carbon capture techniques, site selection for Geological sequestration, transport as well as uncertainties and difficulties in the modeling of the involved process. The main objective is to stress the need for these techniques and motivate fellow researchers in this essential and emerging field.

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

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