Preface

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. vi
Author(s):  
Selwyn Mapolie
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
African Agriculture

CHEMRAWN XII was the first of the CHEMRAWN series of conferences to be held in Southern Africa. CHEMRAWN (chemical research applied to world needs) is a standing committee of IUPAC and has over the years organized a number of important conferences focusing on specific issues of global interests. These conferences often bring together scientists, government leaders and policy makers to address major global issues which could be resolved via chemistry. CHEMRAWN XII took place at Stellenbosch University, South Africa over the period 2-5 December 2007. Delegates came from all over Africa as well as from other parts of the developed and developing world. The conference was organized along the following broad themes:- adequate, safe, and affordable food for Africa- African agriculture in a global context: chemistry as the enabler- securing and sustaining water and soil quality for agricultural production- technologies to reduce post-harvest food loss- the role of agriculture in building a sustainable energy base- the role of chemicals in sustainable agriculture- the safe development and application of biotechnology in agricultural production- value-added and niche chemicals from agricultural produceThis issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) contains some of the papers presented at CHEMRAWNXII. The topics of these papers encompass many of the major themes of the conference andreflect the varied contributions of speakers from a range of countries. It is heartening to see papers fromresearchers based at institutions in developing countries. I would like to thank all those colleagues whomade the effort to submit full manuscripts arising from their lectures at the conference.Selwyn MapolieConference Editor

scholarly journals Green Revolution in Parsa: Opportunities and Threats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Shiva Kant Dube
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
The Impact

This article has attempted to focus upon the concept, historical development, process and impact of green revolution at global context. It has also incorporated to emphasize the adverse impact resulted by green revolution. The widespread acceptance of High Yielding Variety Seeds (HYVs) and extensive adaptation of dwarf and semi-dwarf plants of short cropping period has intensified the production and productivity of agricultural crops. But, excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, insufficient irrigation and small land holdings has diminished and impoverished the soil fertility leading to desertification. This study has also overviewed the scenario of agricultural production and productivity of crops in Parsa district of Nepal being a developing country after the diffusion and acceptance of green revolution. This study would attract the attentions of planners, policy makers, stakeholders and farmers towards entertaining the impact of green revolution and make them aware about the threat created by it now and in the coming future in Nepalese context.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 54-61 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9989 

scholarly journals Citizens as smart, active sensors for a quiet and just city. The case of the “open source soundscapes” approach to identify, assess and plan “everyday quiet areas” in cities

Noise Mapping ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Radicchi ◽  
Dietrich Henckel ◽  
Martin Memmel
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Today the so-called “smart city” is connoted by massive implementation of novel, digital technology, which is often considered as the best solution to global issues affecting contemporary cities. Sophisticated and low-cost technological solutions are developed also in the field of noise monitoring and they are expected to play an important role for acousticians, city planners and policy makers. However, the “smart city” paradigm is controversial: it relies on advanced technological solutions, yet it fails to consider the city as a social construct and it often overlooks the role of citizens, in the quest for technological advances and novel methods. This is especially true in the field of smart acoustic solutions addressing the issue of urban quiet areas: main methods and technologies developed so far barely involve citizens and consider their preferences. This contribution tackles this challenge, by illustrating a novel mixed methodology, which combines the soundscape approach, the citizen science paradigm and a novel mobile application - the Hush City app - with the ultimate goal of involving people in identifying, assessing and planning urban quiet areas. Firstly, the theoretical background and the methods applied are described; secondly initial findings are discussed; thirdly potential impact and future work are outlined.

scholarly journals Kemal Dervis, Masahiro Kawai, and Domenico Lombardi (eds.). Asia and Policymaking for the Global Economy. Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2011. 200 pages, USD 19.95.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Zia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Subject

Asia and Policymaking for the Global Economy is a collection of analysis on global economic cooperation. In particular it highlights Asia’s accomplishments, opportunities, its potential, and the role it can play in the global economy. It is divided into five chapters each constituting a different insightful article. The first chapter gives an introduction and an over view of the topics analysed in this book. It focuses on the structural transformation in Asia and the world economy, and discusses the rise of Asia and implications for economic coordination at international level. The second chapter focuses on growth dynamics in Asia in a global context. It provides an important contribution to the subject issue as it analyses the sources of structural transformation experienced by world economy. It suggests that policy-makers should focus on global savings and investment structures to rebalance world economy. The rebalancing debate is then connected to the debate on the international monetary system and role of reserve currencies in this chapter.

Migration Out of Rural Areas and Implications for Rural Livelihoods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-481
Author(s):  
Alan de Brauw
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Statistical Identification ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Future Policy

Despite the fact that migration out of agriculture has always been a part of the economic development process, policy makers have long feared that migration from rural areas reduces agricultural production. This article reviews the growing microeconomic literature with more credible statistical identification that evaluates the effects of migration on agricultural production and other outcomes among rural households. By and large, migration does not negatively affect agricultural production, as households shift on one of several margins to reduce the lost labor impact. Through migrant remittances, migration can lead to one of several different types of investment. When investment occurs, the type of investment depends upon relative local returns to investments in agriculture, nonagriculture, or human capital. Some innovative recent work also documents the role of migration in catalyzing technical change. Future policy related to rural out-migration should focus on enhancing its positive effects and mitigating any negative ones.

scholarly journals Consumers’ Sense of Farmers’ Markets: Tasting Sustainability or Just Purchasing Food?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Giampietri ◽  
Dieter Koemle ◽  
Xiaohua Yu ◽  
Adele Finco
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Alternative Food Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Production And Consumption

Sustainable food consumption has attracted a widespread attention during last decades by scholars, policy makers and consumers. In line with this, farmers’ markets (FMs) have the potential to encourage sustainable agricultural production and consumption. By reducing the number of actors and distances along the food chain, these alternative food systems foster the reconnection between farmers and consumers and contribute to different social, economic and environmental sustainable goals. This paper provides insights on the role of consumers' sustainability concerns related to their motivation for shopping at FMs. By means of a choice experiment, we analyze the determinants of consumers’ WTP for buying apples at FMs. We are particularly interested in understanding how attitudes towards the three sustainability dimensions are related to consumer preferences in this context. We find that consumer attitudes towards direct contact with producers, contributing to farmers’ income, and environmental benefits can be directly related to product characteristics that are specific to FMs.

scholarly journals Adversity of industrial water pollution on agriculture and livelihood: Experiences of rural population of Dindigul

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Kannan ◽  
Rengasamy Karuppaiah MBA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Contaminate Drinking Water

Abstract Tannery pollution affected water and livelihood of people in Dindigul. Polluted water and soil reduced agricultural production; contaminate drinking water, and livelihood. The present study aims to study the adverse effects of industrial pollution on agriculture and livelihood in Dindigul. Twenty randomly villages drawn with equal number from the vicinity of tanneries and far. A survey was conducted using structured interview schedule among 400 men and women of 18 years and above from 20 villages. Details on Socio-Economic characteristics, water, agriculture and livelihood collected online using Kobo toolbox in Tamil language. In affected and non-affected villages 71 and 102 hold agricultural land only 53 and 87 have cultivated respectively. One third in affected villages and two thirds in non-affected villages cultivated throughout the year. Tanneries affected the livestock population, reduced agricultural production, polluted irrigation, polluted soil and made it infertile, deteriorated the quality of agricultural produce. Compared to economic benefits from tanneries the damage are exorbitant. Politicians and policy makers ignored pollution and turned blind eye to the problems caused to the rural population and livelihood.

scholarly journals The Effect of Value Add Tax on Economic Growth and Its Sources in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Ghaffarian Kolahi ◽  
Zaleha Bt Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Positive Effect

Today the role of economic growth for its effect on social welfare is undeniable. For this reason, the factors influencing the economic growth are taken into account by policy makers and researchers. On the other hand, the VAT has been considered by most of the countries due to its numerous advantages and benefits. Hence, investigating how this type of tax affects the economic growth seems to be indispensable, particularly in developing countries. In this study, the effect of value added tax on economic growth was examined especially on the developing countries. In details, the effects of VAT on the economic growth of 19 developing countries for duration of 1995 to 2010 were investigated. For analysing the data, the GMM panel was employed because of the structure of the model. Afterwards, the effect of VAT through the channel of saving on the capital accumulation and productivity and ultimately the economic growth was examined. The results revealed that VAT has a negative effect on capital accumulation growth in the level; the positive effect of VAT on the level of economic growth seems to have been imposed through channels other than the increase of saving and its effect on capital accumulation.

scholarly journals Objectives and Role of Institutional Finance for Agricultural and Rural Development

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
B M Desai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Rural Growth ◽  
Institutional Finance

In India, rural institutional finance is extended not only to the agricultural production sub-system but for selective purposes also to the agricultural inputs sub-system and the agricultural produce marketing and processing sub-system. While this innovative policy has earned some dividends, there are some lacunae in it as well as in the intermediation instruments of rural financial institutions. Desai identifies these lacunae and discusses how they may be overcome to achieve the objectives of high rural growth, better equity, and viability of institutional finance.

Statistical analysis of trends in the role of agriculture in the Russian economy in the context of digital transformations

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Maria Vyacheslavovna Kagirova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Social Divide

The multifunctionality of modern agriculture defines this industry as the base for both the traditional and digital economy. At the same time, the need for overall use of digital technologies creates for agricultural production a number of promising opportunities for increasing the efficiency of activities and transition to a new stage of development, but also a number of threats and risks of increasing disparity in relation to the industry in the distribution of incomes and the digital social divide of urban and rural areas, as well as a decrease in the competitiveness of the industry in the global and domestic markets. The paper analyzes changes in the position of agriculture in the country’s economy in various qualitatively unique periods from 2002 to 2018 for a number of characteristics, including ensuring food independence, employment, value added production, participation in building the country’s export potential using methods of mechanical and analytical alignment of time series. The directions of specifying the system of indicators for monitoring digitalization processes in agriculture are given.

scholarly journals Double concentration explaining the outstanding increase in Spanish crop production

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e0107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Martín-Retortillo ◽  
Ana Serrano ◽  
Ignacio Cazcarro
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Index Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
Value Added Products

Aim of study: To evaluate the changes in Spanish agricultural production since 1950s in a context of intense transformations in terms of the regional and crop composition.Area of study: Spanish provinces during the second half of the twentieth century.Material and methods: We use index decomposition analysis to evaluate the changes in the value and volume of crop production, as well as the role of product composition and the regional distribution of production.Main results: Spanish agriculture have focused on certain regions in the south or in the east of Spain. Some products like vegetables or fruits have a positive prices and composition effects, encouraging the production in these provinces.Research highlights: We found a ‘double concentration’: Spanish agriculture has increasingly tended to produce high value-added products, such as vegetables, fruit and olive oil. On the other hand, crop production is concentrated in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain.

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