Foreword

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. iii
Author(s):  
James R. Bull

It is a pleasure to introduce this issue devoted to the theme of aromaticity, and to comment on some historical considerations and criteria for Special Topic features in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). The core business of the Journal is to publish papers based upon authoritative lectures presented at IUPACsponsored conferences, symposia, and workshops, and to publish IUPAC Recommendations and Technical Reports.Special Topics were originally conceived as a tool to promote new and emerging principles and practice in all branches of chemical sciences, through the medium of works based upon inaugural events or special IUPAC projects. The latter projects were sometimes driven by Divisional or individual initiatives within the Union, but it has come to be recognized that regular IUPAC-sponsored series of international events also offer rich scope for highlighting important advances in specialized subject areas. This is reflected in the recent history of Special Topic issues. The criteria for selection have emerged as timeliness and strong evidence of support and interest from the community of authors and readers. Publication projects arising from the Special Topics initiative generally continue to achieve gratifyingly favorable citation profiles, and thereby support the view that they fulfil an important and distinctive need in current review literature.Proceedings of most events in the International Symposia in Novel Aromatic Compounds (ISNA) series have routinely been published in PAC for some 40 years, and offer convincing evidence of sustained interest in the chemistry and properties of aromatic compounds, and growing interdisciplinary interfaces with materials sciences and nanotechnologies. The series was inaugurated in Sendai, Japan (1970) as an International Symposium on the Chemistry of Nonbenzenoid Aromatic Compounds. After a second meeting four years later, the current, more inclusive series title emerged as a prescient change that heralded astonishing advances in the role of aromaticity in new-age compounds and materials. The early three- to four-year intervals between events have recently diminished to two years, in apparent response to growing topicality and urgency. A case for Special Topic coverage of ISNA-13 is thus persuasively supported by the community that it serves, as well as the strong citation profiles of collections arising from recent events in the series.The passage to publication for this project has been materially supported by enthusiastic authorship cooperation and timely submission of manuscripts, and it is a particular pleasure to pay tribute to the Chair, Prof. François Diederich, and Co-chair, Prof. A. Dieter Schlüter of the Organizing Committee, and for their roles in the compilation of the scientific program and their exceptional devotion in contributing actively to overseeing peer review of the manuscripts. This collection will serve as an overview of current advances and future opportunities in the field of aromatic chemistry, and an enduring and representative record of an outstanding event.James R. BullScientific Editor

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. iii
Author(s):  
James R. Bull

Special topics have come to represent a familiar albeit irregular feature of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) in recent years, and were originally conceived as a way of promoting occasional and sometimes extraordinary IUPAC projects. The concept has served to publicize new initiatives, and promote the role of chemistry in multidisciplinary activities and collaboration. For example, the proceedings of two successive Workshops on Advanced Materials featured prominently as special topic issues, and the series has now been assimilated into the program of established IUPAC events, whilst projects arising from close collaboration with fellow international bodies have enjoyed similar coverage, with special topic issues on "Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Estrogens" and "Implications of Endocrine Active Substances for Humans and Wildlife".Publication policy has also been evolving to ensure that the Journal continues to occupy a unique and indispensable niche in the primary chemistry literature, and recent changes have been influenced by the distinctive features of special topic projects. Most notably, a prerequisite for publication coverage of IUPAC-sponsored events is prior editorial agreement on the desirability and scope of Journal coverage, as is acceptance of centrally coordinated peer review of all manuscripts. The policy recognizes that the core business of the Journal is to promote representative coverage of the established series of IUPAC-sponsored international conferences, for the good reason that they serve the topical mainstream of the subject with distinction.It is therefore logical to seek out and promote certain events in these established series as "special topics", and thus offer readers more in-depth coverage of the scientific proceedings. The recent history of special topics drawn from established series has vindicated this approach, and early citation statistics reveal an encouraging trend toward high recognition of such coverage. Conversely, above-average citation statistics provide valuable clues to established events that merit coverage as special topics. Organic synthesis is one such topic ó the series has a 30-year history of immensely popular and well-supported international conferences that have witnessed some of the epochal disclosures of the discipline. Although earlier proceedings were sometimes published as monographs, PAC now enjoys the privilege of featuring proceedings from this series regularly, thanks to the enthusiastic support of conference organizers and presenters alike. It is a pleasure to introduce this issue, devoted to a fine selection of works arising from the scientific proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Organic Synthesis, held in Nagoya, Japan on 1ñ6 August 2004. The papers capture the vitality and ongoing promise of organic synthesis, and offer readers an opportunity to participate vicariously in another milestone in its advancement.Special topic issues will feature more regularly in the future, as a deliberate initiative to showcase some of the most prominent and enduring disciplinary themes on offer in the calendar of established IUPAC-sponsored conferences.James R. BullScientific Editor*An issue of reviews and research papers based on lectures presented at the 15th International Conference on Organic Synthesis (ICOS-15), held in Nagoya, Japan, 1-6 August 2004, on the theme of organic synthesis. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 1087-1296.


Author(s):  
Roger Hargreaves

<br />The role of the Approved Social Worker in the 1983 Mental Health Act is an unsatisfactory amalgam of legal, professional, administrative and practical functions which has accumulated on a largely ad hoc basis over the last two centuries. The current review of the legislation offers an opportunity to redefine this role in a way which is both clear and internally consistent. This article reviews the history of the role and suggests that more fundamental changes are needed than the proposed in the Report of the Expert Committee.


1996 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Editorial board Of the Journal

The dissertation will be approved by the Specialized Council as a work devoted to the study of the actual problems of methodology and peculiarities of certain subject areas of religious studies, the specifics of the doctrine and cult of neo-religious movements, the history and current state of religious science abroad, the peculiarities and figures of Ukrainian theological thought, the role of Christianity in world history and culture. , peculiarities of religiosity of various social and socio-demographic groups, history of different confessions in Ukrainian territories, etc. The chosen topic should be agreed in the coordination group formed by the Specialized Council.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Masly

The divergent genital morphology observed among closely related animal species has long been posited as a mechanism of reproductive isolation. Despite the intuitive appeal that rapidly evolving genitalia might cause speciation, evidence for its importance—or even its potential—in reproductive isolation is mixed. Most tests of genital structural isolation between species often fail to find convincing evidence that differences in morphology prevent copulation or insemination between species. However, recent work suggests that differences in genital morphology might contribute to reproductive isolation in less obvious ways through interactions with sensory mechanisms that result in lowered reproductive fitness in heterospecific matings. In this paper, I present a brief history of the “lock-and-key” hypothesis, summarize the evidence for the involvement of genital morphology in different mechanisms of reproductive isolation, discuss progress in identifying the molecular and genetic bases of species differences in genital morphology, and discuss prospects for future work on the role of genitalia in speciation.


Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Weston

Gluckman observed �I believe I am not alone among senior anthropologists in finding it more interesting to teach students about anthropologists than about anthropology� (Gluckman 1963: 312). Those who have taught students regarding some of anthropology�s juicier controversies will recognise that the feeling is mutual. This paper argues that we should embrace this potential to engage by intentionally exploring our discipline�s dirty laundry as controversies bring anthropology to life in a way which humanises those anthropologists we study. If we simply provide students with the stark �for� and �against� arguments in controversies such as Napoleon Chagnon (Borofsky 2005), Malinowski�s diaries (Malinowski 1967), and Carlos Castaneda (De Mille 2000[1976], 2001[1980]; Fikes 1993) we allow our students to engage with these issues critically, exploring the moral complexities themselves in essays, seminars and other forms. As such it offers the perfect opportunity to facilitate student �unlearning�, taking them away from expectations of being spoon-fed the knowledge they need to pass exams and instead providing the tools they need to take their own stance regarding literature and ideas on their own. Given the raw �for� and �against� arguments regarding a controversy forces them to critically engage with moral and practical complexities that fieldwork and writing pose for ethnographers. While doing this, controversies also allow us to use surrounding debates as platforms from which we can discuss the bigger ideas entwined in the specificities involved in controversies. Once students are engaged, we can then deal with the full complexity of events without trivialising them. As such, controversies open doors to wider subject areas: to theories, to the history of our discipline, and the role of institutions such as the AAA and ASA.� In an era when anthropologists routinely avoid polemic (Reyna 2001), this paper argues we ought unlearn this behaviour in the class-room and lecture theatre and embrace the ability to play devil�s advocate in order to force our students to think for themselves.�


Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
P TSIBOURIS ◽  
M HENDRICKSE ◽  
P ISAACS

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.


Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.


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