Medici Funerary Monuments in the Duomo of Florence during the Fourteenth Century: A Prologue to “The Early Medici”*

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Activity

Medici patronage of the arts in the fourteenth century has gone largely unstudied. Yet there is a notable paper trail, backed by a small number of sculptural remnants of funerary monuments, indicating that prominent members of the family understood the power of visual imagery for establishing their patrilines as leading families, both within the social hierarchy of Florence and within the Medici consorteria. These sculptural remains give clear precedent for the early activity of Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo de’ Medici as artistic patrons in the fifteenth century.

scholarly journals El cuidado informal en tiempos de crisis. Análisis desde la perspectiva enfermera

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoli Cantillo Monjo ◽  
Teresa Lleopart Coll ◽  
Sandra Ezquerra Samper
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Use Of Assessment

Objetivos: Cuantificar y caracterizar la producción científica enfermera sobre cuidados informales del período 2007-2016, observar la evolución de la temática durante estos años, adquirir una perspectiva actual sobre el estado de la cuestión y realizar propuestas sobre futuras líneas de investigación e intervención.Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica llevada a cabo mediante dos estrategias: una cuantitativa, y una segunda estrategia cualitativa. Resultados: El tipo de artículo más publicado es el estudio original cuantitativo, aunque se detecta un crecimiento de las publicaciones con enfoque cualitativo. Los temas más tratados son el perfil de la persona cuidadora, los impactos de la atención en su salud y en otros aspectos de su vida cotidiana, las propuestas de intervenciones profesionales para promover el cuidado personal y para evitar la sobrecarga de las personas cuidadoras y, por último, el uso de herramientas de evaluación para la planificación de la atención a las mismas.Conclusiones: Las publicaciones enfermeras identifican con acierto la centralidad del cuidado informal y el giro asistencial hacia el domicilio y la familia. No problematizan, sin embargo, el actual trasvase de responsabilidades hacia el cuidado desde las administraciones públicas hacia el ámbito familiar, ni analizan en profundidad las desigualdades socioeconómicas y de género reinantes en el actual escenario de cuidados. El abordaje a estos dos elementos puede contribuir a abrir nuevas líneas de investigación e intervención en el campo de la enfermería. Goals: To quantify and characterize the scientific production in nursing on informal care from 2007 to 2016, to observe the evolution of the theme during this period, to acquire a current perspective on the state of the arts, and to suggest future directions of both research and professional practice. Methods: Bibliographical review undertaken through two strategies: a quantitative strategy and a qualitative one. Results: The most frequent type of published article is quantitative although there is an increase of qualitative publications. Among the most frequent themes are: the study of the caregiver’s profile, as well as the impacts of care on their health and on their everyday life; practical professional recommendations to promote care and self-care and to prevent caregivers’ overload; and, finally, the use of assessment tools for planning attention of caregivers. Conclusions: While nursing publications rightly identify the centrality of the family and the household in the new care scenario, they do not problematize the current transfer of responsibility for care from public administrations toward the realm of the family. Neither do they problematize the social, economic, and gender inequalities that take place in the context of care. To approach these two themes can contribute to create new research and professional lines in nursing.

The Impact of the Social Context on Aesthetic Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mastandrea
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

Not only cognitive and affective processes determine an aesthetic experience; another important issue to consider has to do with the social context while experiencing the arts. Several studies have shown that the aesthetic impact of a work of art depends on, to an important extent, the different socio-demographic factors including age, class, social status, health, wealth, and so on. The concepts of cultural and social capital by Pierre Bourdieu and the production and consumption of artworks by Howard Becker are discussed. Another important aspect of the impact of the social context on aesthetic experience deals with early art experience in childhood within the family—considered as the first social group to which a person belongs.

scholarly journals El linaje de Aza durante los siglos XIII y XIV: declive y resurgimiento = The Aza Lineage during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: Decline and Resurgence.

2019 ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Iván García Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Alfonso X ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment

El linaje de Aza fue un modesto grupo aristocrático castellano que adquirió cuotas de poder y cierta notoriedad durante algunas fases de su existencia. Historiográficamente su interés ha pasado un tanto desapercibido a ojos de los especialistas. De hecho, para la etapa comprendida entre los siglos XIII y XIV sólo contamos con un trabajo específico elaborado en época moderna por el genealogista Luis de Salazar y Castro, bastante cuestionable en algunas partes de su relato. Nuestra propuesta trata de acercarse a este grupo nobiliario en ese mismo intervalo temporal, con especial atención al trayecto que transcurre entre los reinados de Alfonso X y Alfonso XI, tratando de superar la mera concepción dinástica en base a dos objetivos. El primero, posicionando a sus integrantes dentro de la escala social del momento. El segundo, calibrando su alcance económico y su capacidad señorial en la Meseta Norte.AbstractThe Aza lineage was a modest Castilian aristocratic group that acquired quotas of power and certain fame during certain phases of its existence. However, it has received relatively little attention on the part of scholarship throughout the ages. In fact, for the period between the thirteenth and the fourteenth centuries, there is only one study by the early-modern genealogist Luis de Salazar y Castro, of questionable merit in certain aspects of his narrative. We seek to examine this aristocratic group over that same period, and with special attention to the trajectory between the reigns of Alfonso X and Alfonso XI of Castile, going beyond a merely descriptive dynastic approach by concentrating on two questions: Firstly, we will consider the position of the family members within the social hierarchy of the moment; and, secondly, we will gauge the family’s economic power and its seigneurial capacity in the northern plateau region (Meseta Norte).

Kinship Ties and Young Patricians in Fifteenth-Century Venice

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Renaissance Italy ◽  
Social Units ◽  
Kinship Ties

Regimes and families: historians have recently enriched our understanding of the patrician regimes of late-medieval and Renaissance Italy by analyzing relations among their component social units. This essay will contribute to this literature by throwing some light on the social structure and practices of the ruling class of fifteenth-century Venice. For a long time, but with quickening rhythm in the last decade or so, historians of Venice have been charting various currents that ran through the Venetian patriciate. On the whole, though, they have preferred to concentrate on political and economic groupings, less on the family and kinship patterns that fascinate investigators of other cities, notably Florence.

Living and Dying Together

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-101
Author(s):  
James A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Gift

This chapter analyzes the testamentary record of fourteenth- and early fifteenth-century Rome, highlighting several noteworthy elements. Romans understood pious giving to be spiritually beneficial, as did all their contemporaries. However, they understood this kind of beneficial gift to be viable even outside the traditional categories of pious practice, stretching to include kin of all sorts, as well as a whole array of others with whom they shared important ties. In all such cases, the implication of the gift as an act of patrimonial stewardship and as occurring within the larger spiritual economy were equally critical elements, shaping the direction and form of giving. Over the course of the conflict-ridden fourteenth century, in which the social fabric of Rome was repeatedly torn and haphazardly stitched back together again, Roman testators took advantage of a lack of statutory constraint to bind themselves to one another by means of such pious gifts. Even after the return of the papacy, an event anticipated and dreaded by various factions, and the triumph of that papacy over Rome's free commune, these bonds and the mechanisms for creating and sustaining these bonds endured.

Jefferson’s Neighbors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Revolution

Save for the elite planters at the top of the social hierarchy, Virginia society blended smoothly from top to bottom. There were no sharp wealth divisions between non-slave owners and those who owned two or three slaves. Nor were slaveholders with more than six slaves much distinguishable from one another until one reached the level where planters owned fifty or more. In this ascending society, lower and middling people provided services such as weaving and carpentry for those above them, linking them economically. Large planters like Jefferson were involved in hundreds of exchanges with lesser farmers each year. The top and bottom of society may not have corresponded with each other but they traded constantly. Because they performed services to make a living, small farmers were the integrating agents in Virginia society. This society came under stress during the Revolution. Farm families resisted the draft because the absence of a father or elder son disrupted the family economy. If drafted they often deserted. After the Revolution, the government’s effort to draw in inflated currency made it difficult for people to pay rent and taxes. They were in danger of losing their property for payment of their debts. Throughout the 1780s, they protested to the legislature, but they never resorted to violence, and the House of Burgesses did not enforce the laws. The familiarity achieved through economic integration made those in power sympathetic to the common plight.

scholarly journals Byzantine Fourteenth-Century Glazed Vessels Featuring Monograms Excavated in Cherson and the Castle of Cembalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 225-253
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Ginkut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Holy Water ◽  
The University ◽  
Archaeometric Study ◽  
Made In

This paper addresses the Byzantine vessels featuring monograms excavated in Cherson and in Cembalo, and their interpretation and significance for the life of the Greek population of the south-western Crimea. So far, archaeological researches discovered 15 vessels made in Byzantium, which showed monograms of the life of saints (“George,” “Michael,” and “Prodromos”), the family name “Palaiologos,” and also code letters “A” (“relic”) and “K.” These vessels were containers for holy water, and in a few cases, plausibly, for myrrh. These vessels were delivered to Cherson and Cembalo as gifts or eulogiai from Constantinople (?), as a part of ideological propaganda. The comparative archaeometric study of the three samples from Cembalo castle in a lab of the University of Lyon revealed one vessel’s similarity with the products of a fourteenth-century pottery workshop discovered in the vicinity of Istanbul. Although two samples more belong to a group different from the said workshop’s products, they still show similar technological parameters. The chronology of the vessels in question lays within the 1320s–1350s in Cherson and from the second half of the fourteenth to the early fifteenth century in Cembalo.

USES AND MISUSES OF A CHINESE RENAISSANCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK GAMSA
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
The Arts

To adopt the least contentious of several definitions, the currents of thought and motifs in the arts that we associate with the Renaissance had their beginnings in fourteenth-century Florence. By the end of the fifteenth century they had spread out to other Italian cities while, during the sixteenth century, the Renaissance became a cross-European phenomenon. But was there also a “Renaissance beyond Europe”?

Conclusions

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Voice

Many early modern French works, ranging from individual poems to large-scale histories, were produced with a sense that they emanated not just from individuals but from families. Such works, which I call family literature, played a big part in the attempts by families and individuals to rise, or at least to avoid falling, within the social hierarchy. Their production became part of what some families were socially or of a new direction in which some members wished to push the family. Literature could be presented as the voice of a lineage as much as of an individual. It was often designed to pin down the image of a family that circulated among readers rather than to open it up. But, through its orientation towards the future, family literature offered descendants and other future readers affordances, including as yet undetermined ways of renewing that image, and sometimes of questioning or disrupting it.

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