scholarly journals Low-grade Glial Tumor with Features of Astroblastoma in a Dog

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Cowart ◽  
F. Y. Schulman ◽  
H. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Limb Ataxia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

A 12-year-old, neutered, male Belgian Malinois/Great Dane cross dog presented with a 5-month history of weakness and lack of endurance followed by acute onset of rear limb ataxia. At autopsy, a 9 x 16 mm, multilobular, firm, white to tan, expansile mass was found in the cerebellum. Mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles was also noted. Histologically, there was a well-demarcated glial neoplasm composed of medium-sized astrocytic elements that had homogeneous cytoplasm, sometimes with globular eosinophilic inclusions, irregular peripherally located nuclei with a single nucleolus, and short cytoplasmic processes. Prominent peri-vascular pseudorosettes with cellular processes in contact with blood vessels were present. Some blood vessels exhibited hyalinized walls. Mitotic figures were not observed. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. These features are consistent with an astroblastoma. This is the first clinicopathologic correlation and detailed description of a low-grade glial tumor with features of astroblastoma in a dog.

BING-NEEL SYNDROME: A RARE CAUSE OF PROGRESSIVE GAIT DISTURBANCE AND DEMENTIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.73-e4
Author(s):  
Anisha Doshi ◽  
Anis Haque ◽  
Muhammad Chowdhury ◽  
Kevin Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Limb Ataxia ◽  
History Of

A 69 year old retired lady presented with a 3 year history of progressive gait disturbance with unsteadiness and falls. Over the preceding year she had become recluse, failing to attend social gatherings and becoming anxious. She complained of lethargy and poor appetite and had lost weight. A witnessed generalised seizure led to admission. Examination revealed mixed pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs in the limbs with global hyperreflexia and upgoing plantars. There was upper limb ataxia with bilateral intention tremor and myoclonus. She was only obeying one stage commands.Investigations revealed elevated ESR and monoclonal IgM kappa band with paraprotein concentration 9.4 g/L. MRI whole axis revealed periventricular diffuse T2 and FLAIR signal change and prominence of the leptomeninges along the distal spinal cord, conus medullaris and cauda equina. Bone scan showed prominent uptake within both humeri. Bone marrow trephine biopsy indicated a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder; lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Serial CSF analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein of 4.47–6.25 g/L. CSF protein electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of an IgM paraprotein with monoclonal IgM kappa band on immunonofixation. CSF immunophenotyping confirmed the presence of clonal B–cells.We therefore present a rare case of Bing-Neel Syndrome, CNS manifestation of Wäldenstroms Macroglobulinaemia.

scholarly journals Transmembrane Protein TMEM230, a Target of Glioblastoma Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Cocola ◽  
Valerio Magnaghi ◽  
Edoardo Abeni ◽  
Paride Pelucchi ◽  
Valentina Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas

Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive tumors originating in the brain. Histopathologic features include circuitous, disorganized, and highly permeable blood vessels with intermittent blood flow. These features contribute to the inability to direct therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Known targets for anti-angiogenic therapies provide minimal or no effect in overall survival of 12–15 months following diagnosis. Identification of novel targets therefore remains an important goal for effective treatment of highly vascularized tumors such as GBM. We previously demonstrated in zebrafish that a balanced level of expression of the transmembrane protein TMEM230/C20ORF30 was required to maintain normal blood vessel structural integrity and promote proper vessel network formation. To investigate whether TMEM230 has a role in the pathogenesis of GBM, we analyzed its prognostic value in patient tumor gene expression datasets and performed cell functional analysis. TMEM230 was found necessary for growth of U87-MG cells, a model of human GBM. Downregulation of TMEM230 resulted in loss of U87 migration, substratum adhesion, and re-passaging capacity. Conditioned media from U87 expressing endogenous TMEM230 induced sprouting and tubule-like structure formation of HUVECs. Moreover, TMEM230 promoted vascular mimicry-like behavior of U87 cells. Gene expression analysis of 702 patients identified that TMEM230 expression levels distinguished high from low grade gliomas. Transcriptomic analysis of patients with gliomas revealed molecular pathways consistent with properties observed in U87 cell assays. Within low grade gliomas, elevated TMEM230 expression levels correlated with reduced overall survival independent from tumor subtype. Highest level of TMEM230 correlated with glioblastoma and ATP-dependent microtubule kinesin motor activity, providing a direction for future therapeutic intervention. Our studies support that TMEM230 has both glial tumor and endothelial cell intracellular and extracellular functions. Elevated levels of TMEM230 promote glial tumor cell migration, extracellular scaffold remodeling, and hypervascularization and abnormal formation of blood vessels. Downregulation of TMEM230 expression may inhibit both low grade glioma and glioblastoma tumor progression and promote normalization of abnormally formed blood vessels. TMEM230 therefore is both a promising anticancer and antiangiogenic therapeutic target for inhibiting GBM tumor cells and tumor-driven angiogenesis.

scholarly journals MPC-14 BRAF V600E MUTANT OLIGODENDROGLIOMA-LIKE TUMORS WITH CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii24-ii24
Author(s):  
Kohei Fukuoka ◽  
Uri Tabori ◽  
Cynthia Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Idh1 Mutation ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesions

Abstract We performed genome-wide methylation analysis on 136 pediatric low grade gliomas, identifying a unique cluster consisting of oligodendroglioma-like BRAF V600E mutant tumors with Recurrent gain of Chromosome 7 and loss of Chromosome 10 (OLIVER). Hierarchical clustering and t-stochastic neighbor embedding analyses cluster them with previously described pediatric-type low grade gliomas, separate from adult gliomas. OLIVERS exhibit distinct clinical behavior as temporal lobe lesions in adolescents and young adults, prolonged history of seizures and all are alive with no recurrence (follow-up 3.2 to 13.2 years). Morphogically, all showed oligodendroglioma-like features, including round nuclei with perinuclear halos, a chicken-wire pattern of branching capillaries and microcalcification. None showed astrocytic features or characteristics suggestive of high-grade tumors including necrosis or mitotic figures. All tumors harbored multiple chromosomal copy number abnormalities (more than 10 chromosomes per OLIVER), but none showed 1p/19q co-deletion or IDH1 mutation. Interestingly, one tumor showed a TERT promoter mutation. Although the series is small, OLIVER may represent a new category of IDH wild-type low grade gliomas which may be confused with molecular GBM. Further, they highlight the heterogeneity of IDH wild-type gliomas and the relatively indolent behavior of pediatric-type gliomas.

scholarly journals Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull Base Presenting Acutely in an Adult

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Amoozegar ◽  
A. Guberman
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Fibrous Dysplasia ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Third Nerve Palsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the bone is an idiopathic disorder in which bone-forming mesenchyme develops abnormally. Here, we describe an unusual case in an adult, with recurrent acute headache and third nerve palsy due to FD of the skull base and low-grade fibrosarcoma.A previously healthy 32-year-old female office clerk, presented with an eight day history of acute-onset, severe, right occipital and retro-orbital continuous headache, associated with nausea and vomiting. She had required dimenhydrinate, acetaminophen with 15 mg codeine, and meperidine with only mild relief of the headache. She also described a 5-day history of right eye ptosis which had progressed to eye closure by the time of presentation. She had otherwise been well, with no systemic or constitutional symptoms and no previous history of headaches.

scholarly journals Acquired Monocular Nystagmus as the Initial Presenting Sign of a Chiasmal Glioma

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Dominique Jacob ◽  
Vijay Ramaswamy ◽  
Helly R. Goez
Keyword(s):  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pituitary Fossa ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funduscopic Examination

A 15-month-old male presented with a one-day history of acute onset, continuous oscillating movement of his right eye. He had received his one-year immunizations four days prior and had a four-day history of a febrile viral respiratory tract infection. Pregnancy was unremarkable. He had severe iron deficiency anemia (MCV 66, Hb 65) and was developmentally delayed, as he was unable to stand independently and was non-verbal. His head circumference was 49 cm (95th percentile) and his weight was at the 25th percentile. On physical examination, continuous horizontal large amplitude pendular nystagmus of the right eye at a frequency of 3-4 Hz was observed. No nystagmus was observed in the left eye, even on funduscopic examination. The child could fixate targets in all four quadrants with both eyes independently, and could fixate and track small objects with both eyes independently suggesting no significant visual field defect or visual loss. Dilated funduscopic examination was normal, extra ocular movements were full, pupils were equal and reactive and there was no relative afferent pupillary defect. The remainder of the neurological examination was normal. There was no head bobbing or anomalous head position and no stigmata of neurofibromatosis type 1. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (Figure) demonstrated a 2 cm x 1.6 cm x 1.2 cm suprasellar enhancing mass involving the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies and superior pituitary stalk. There was no extension into the pituitary fossa or the optic nerves and no ventricular enlargement. A biopsy of the mass was obtained and revealed histology consistent with a low-grade pilocystic astrocytoma (World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1), consistent with a diagnosis of chiasmal glioma.

Omental Infarction: A Case Treated with Laparoscopic Surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Bertrand Ng ◽  
Arafat Yasser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Laparoscopy Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Background History ◽  
The Right

Omental infarct is a rare cause of an acute abdomen that arises from an interruption of blood supply to the omentum. Here, we present a case of omental infarct in a 67-year-old gentleman with background history of diabetes mellitus who present unusually with a severe acute onset right hypochondrium pain. Examination revealed that he was tender to touch at the right and was having localized guarding. His inflammatory markers were normal. He was successfully treated with laparoscopy surgery and he was subsequently discharged the following day. Omental infarct cases with right hypochondrium pain can sometimes mimicked acute cholecystitis and management includes laparoscopic surgery which can hasten symptoms resolution and reduces hospital stay, however recommendation for surgery has to be balanced with anesthetics risk and complication of the surgery itself.

Primary acquired melanosis (PAM) without atypia/WHO low-grade conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion over areas of oculodermal melanocytosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e236741
Author(s):  
Bashar M Bata ◽  
Sachin M Salvi ◽  
Hardeep Singh Mudhar
Keyword(s):  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Primary Acquired Melanosis ◽  
Conjunctival Biopsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oculodermal Melanocytosis ◽  
Substantia Propria ◽  
New Onset

An elderly white man with a history of left oculodermal melanocytosis presented with new onset brown pigmentation of the left bulbar and inferior tarsal conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctival pigmentation was at the level of the conjunctival epithelium and was overlying areas of typical slate-grey scleral pigmentation characteristic of oculodermal melanocytosis. Both areas of new pigmentation were biopsied. The bulbar conjunctiva revealed primary acquired melanosis (PAM) without atypia with increased melanin production and the tarsal conjunctival biopsy showed PAM without atypia sine pigmentio overlying areas of substantia propria spindle-shaped heavily pigmented melanocytes of oculodermal melanocytosis. The case report examines the relationship between the epithelial and substantia propria melanocytes and correlates the findings with what is known about this association from the dermatopathology literature.

Young Male with Bilateral ICA Dissection: Beyond CADISS Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660852098428
Author(s):  
Vikas Bhatia ◽  
Chirag Jain ◽  
Sucharita Ray ◽  
jay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cervical Artery Dissection ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
History Of

Objective: To report a case of young male with stroke and bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection. Background: Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study trial has provided some insight on management of patients with ICA dissection. However, there is a need to modify the management strategies as per specific clinical scenario. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 45-year-old male presented with 1 month old history of acute onset numbness of right half of the body with slurring of speech. Computed tomography angiography showed complete occlusion of left cervical ICA just beyond origin with presence of fusiform dilatation and spiral flap in right extracranial cervical ICA. The patient was started on antiplatelets and taken for endovascular procedure using 2-mesh-based carotid stents. Patient was discharged after 3 days on antiplatelet therapy. At 1-year follow-up, there were no fresh symptoms. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the role of successful endovascular management of carotid dissection in a young male. These clinical situations may not be fully represented in trials, and a case-based approach is required.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Spontaneous Arachnoid Cyst Rupture Presenting as Right Hemiplegia and Expressive Aphasia in a Pediatric Patient

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Anne Bryden ◽  
Natalie Majors ◽  
Vinay Puri ◽  
Thomas Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cyst Rupture ◽  
The Brain

This study examines an 11-year-old boy with a known history of a large previously asymptomatic arachnoid cyst (AC) presenting with acute onset of right facial droop, hemiplegia, and expressive aphasia. Shortly after arrival to the emergency department, the patient exhibited complete resolution of right-sided hemiplegia but developed headache and had persistent word-finding difficulties. Prior to symptom onset while in class at school, there was an absence of reported jerking movements, headache, photophobia, fever, or trauma. At the time of neurology consultation, the physical exam showed mildly delayed cognitive processing but was otherwise unremarkable. The patient underwent MRI scanning of the brain, which revealed left convexity subdural hematohygroma and perirolandic cortex edema resulting from ruptured left frontoparietal AC. He was evaluated by neurosurgery and managed expectantly. He recovered uneventfully and was discharged two days after presentation remaining asymptomatic on subsequent outpatient visits. The family express concerns regarding increased anxiety and mild memory loss since hospitalization.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Uterine Rupture in a Preterm Pregnancy following Myomectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Sutton ◽  
Prue Standen ◽  
Jade Acton ◽  
Christopher Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Spontaneous Uterine Rupture ◽  
History Of

A 44-year-old nulliparous woman was transferred to a tertiary obstetric hospital for investigation of acute onset abdominal pain. She was at gestation of 32 weeks and 2 days with a history of previous laparoscopic fundal myomectomy. An initial bedside ultrasound demonstrated oligohydramnios. Following an episode of increased pain early the following morning, a formal ultrasound diagnosed a uterine rupture with the fetal arm extending through a uterine rent. An uncomplicated classical caesarean section was performed and the neonate was delivered in good condition but with a bruised and oedematous right arm. The neonate was transferred to the Special Care Nursery for neonatal care. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course and was discharged home three days following delivery. This is an unusual presentation of uterine rupture following myomectomy where the fetal arm had protruded through the uterine wall.

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