Correction: Different Types of Door-Opening Motions as Contributing Factors to Containment Failures in Hospital Isolation Rooms

Transport and deposition behaviour of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in natural aquifers and soil systems is a key determinant of the fate of these materials in environmental systems. A growing number of experimental studies are being conducted worldwide to address transport and deposition of ENPs in porous media (PM). Here we comprehensively review the main mechanisms and factors affecting the mobility of the environmentally important ENPs in natural PM. A variety of different processes including those that promote mobility and result in elution from the PM and those that hinder their mobility and promote ENP retention can influence ENP’s mobility through soil and aquifer media. The most important contributing factors regarding ENP transport in PM include: the physicochemical properties of the ENP, the media, the hydrodynamics of the system, and the background solution characteristics. Results from several studies conducted on the most common and environmentally important ENPs have shown that under natural environmental conditions, different types of ENPs show different transport behaviour in soil and aquifer systems. Additionally, the importance of media matrix and mobile solution factors in governing mobility of ENPs varies from one type of ENP to another.

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Mitigating Effects of Climate Change and Deforestation on Bees With Respect to Their Ecology and Biology

Journal of Environment and Ecology ◽

10.5296/jee.v6i2.8460 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Musiliyu Oladipupo Mustafa ◽

Olubusola Temitope Adeoye ◽

Folorunso Ishaq Abdulalzeez ◽

Olukayode Dare Akinyemi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Royal Jelly ◽

Global Climate ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Honey Production ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Populous Country

<p>Deforestation occurs around the world; though tropical rainforests are particularly targeted, it is considered to be one of the contributing factors to global climate change. While Nigeria is probably best known today for its oil deposits, according to the World Resources Institute, Nigeria is home to 4,715 different types of plant species, and over 550 species of breeding birds and mammals, making it one of the most ecologically vibrant places of the planet. It is also one of the most populous country with appalling deforestation record. This situation is hence making our ecosystems, biodiversity, agriculture and other natural endowments highly unsecured. The Forest provides excellent resources for bees and beekeeping, and bees are a vital part of forest ecosystems. Bees are essential for sustaining our environment because they</p><p>Pollinate flowering plants and conserves biological biodiversity along with their products (honey, propolis, bee wax, royal jelly and bee venom) which are beneficial to man. Conservation of the forest is therefore imperative for sustainable beekeeping. The study reviews the different causes of climate change and how they affect different natural forest activities which are weather-dependent. Also how climate change and other causes (both natural and man-made) lead to deforestation, which in turn distort sustainable honey production in Nigeria. Different sustainable measures hoped to alleviate the effects of climate change and deforestation where also discussed. </p>

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Bacitracin Determination in Feeds: Evaluation of Methods

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/64.4.980 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 980-990

Author(s):

Hussein S Ragheb

Keyword(s):

Contributing Factors ◽

Plate Method ◽

Large Variability ◽

Collaborative Studies ◽

Different Types ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

Zinc Bacitracin ◽

Many Sources ◽

Evaluation Of Methods

Abstract Assay of bacitracin activity in feeds is subject to many sources of variation. Bacitracin standards are complex mixtures and may contain various amounts of less active forms of bacitracin. Test organisms may respond differently to these mixtures. Collaborative studies should involve the use of one standard, perhaps USP zinc bacitracin. The use of different types of bacitracin standards (regular or zinc) in a laboratory may contribute to variation in sample potency. The pyridine extraction method is subject to serious operational difficulties. Among the contributing factors are incomplete evaporation of pyridine (causing positive bias), allowing the temperature to increase too much during evaporation (causing negative bias), and the numerous manipulative steps in the technique (causing large variability). Because of these factors and the toxic properties of pyridine, the method finds little use. Methanol extraction offers a better substitute for determining zinc or methylene disalicylate bacitracin in premixes and complete feeds by the plate method.

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Energy Saving Method for Operating CNC Machine Door

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.272 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 867 ◽

pp. 272-279

Author(s):

N. Gayathri ◽

V.K. Shanmuganathan ◽

K.G. Karthigayan ◽

S. Manesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Energy Crisis ◽

Single System ◽

Cnc Machine ◽

Door Opening ◽

Different Types ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Save Energy ◽

Opening And Closing

Energy is an important aspect in our day to day life. It is important to save energy wherever possible that to electric energy. We are suffering from electric energy crisis now-a-days. In order to save electric energy alternate system is chosen and it is implemented which would save electric energy. Wasting energy for supplementary or supporting works like machine door opening and closing considered as uneconomical. Energy consuming system consumes lot of energy for supporting works. In this energy saving concept two different types of system can be coupled to work as a single system which would save much energy than before. Our concept discusses about the same. Energy wastage for operating CNC machine door is taken for consideration in our work and analysis has been done on it. A new hydraulic operating system is proposed to overcome the difficulties.

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Social Factors and Interface Design Guidelines

Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch078 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 523-532

Author(s):

Zhe Xu ◽

David John ◽

Anthony C. Boucouvalas

Keyword(s):

Social Presence ◽

Interface Design ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Chat Room ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Business Systems ◽

Different Types ◽

Video And Audio

Designing an attractive user interface for Internet communication is the objective of every software developer. However, it is not an easy task as the interface will be accessed by an uncertain number of users with various purposes. To interact with users, text, sounds, images, and animations can be provided according to different situations. Originally, text was the only medium available for a user to communicate over the Internet. With technology development, multimedia channels (e.g., video and audio) emerged into the online context. Individuals’ sociability may influence human behaviour. Some people prefer a quiet environment and others enjoy more liveliness. On the other hand, the activity purpose influences the environment preference as well. Following usability principles and task analysis (Badre, 2002; Cato, 2001; Dix, Finlay, Abowd, & Beale, 1998; McCraken & Wolfe, 2004; Neilsen, 2000; Nielsen & Tahir, 2002; Preece, Rogers, & Sharp, 2002), we can predict that business-oriented systems and informal systems will require different types of interfaces: Business systems are concerned with the efficiency of performing tasks, while the effectiveness of informal systems depend more on the user’s satisfaction with the experience of interacting with the system. Suppose you are an Internet application designer; should you provide a vivid and multichannel interface or a concise and clear appearance? When individuals’ sociability and the activity purpose contradict, should the interface design follow the sociability requirement, the purpose of the activity, or even neither of them? To answer these questions, the characteristics of communication interfaces should be examined. For face-to-face communications, sounds, voices, various facial expressions, and physical movements are the most important contributing factors. These features are named physical and social presence (Loomis, Golledge, & Klatzky, 1998). In the virtual world, real physical presence does not exist anymore; however, emotional feelings, group feelings, and other social feelings are existent but vary in quantity. The essential differences of interfaces are the quantity of the presented social feelings. For example, a three-dimensional (3-D) interface may provide more geographical and social feelings than a two-dimensional (2-D) chat room may present. To assess the different feelings that may emerge from different interfaces, a two-dimensional chat room and a three-dimensional chatting environment were developed. The identification of social feelings present in the different interface styles is presented first. Then an experiment that was carried out to measure the influence the activity styles and the individuals’ sociability have on the interface preferences is discussed. The questions raised in this article are “What are the social feelings that may differ between the two interfaces (2-D vs. 3-D)?” and “Will users prefer different interfaces for different types of activities?”

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Frequency of Different Types of Diagnostic Errors in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4210737 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

HamidReza Naderi ◽

Fereshte Sheybani ◽

Omid Khosravi ◽

Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Errors ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Cns Infection ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Different Types

Objectives. To assess the frequency of different types of diagnostic errors in patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection from the onset of symptoms to admission to the hospital, where the correct diagnosis was made. Methods. A cross-sectional observational design was used, and the information was collected by interviewing patients and/or their knowledgeable relatives as well as reviewing the accompanying medical record documents and hospital records. Results. Of 169 adult patients with CNS infection, 129 (76.33%) were subject to diagnostic errors. Failure in ordering tests and hypothesis generation were the most common types of diagnostic errors that accounted for more than 70% of errors. Several contributing factors that were associated with incorrect diagnostic hypotheses included failure in taking a patient’s comprehensive history such as detecting relevant epidemiological clues, conducting a full clinical examination, and interpreting diagnostic evidence. The relationship between poor clinical outcome and longer delay from the onset of illness to diagnosis, inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, and lower level of consciousness on admission were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions. Although diagnosis and management of CNS infection in some patients are straightforward, clinical decision making in facing patients with complex scenarios often requires clinical reasoning instead of relying only on intuitive diagnosis. Justification in requesting diagnostic measures and interpretation of their results based on clinical findings and patient information could be a critical factor in preventing a substantial number of diagnostic errors in patients with CNS infection.

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A Comparative Analysis of the Altered Levels of Human Seminal Plasma Constituents as Contributing Factors in Different Types of Male Infertility

Current Issues in Molecular Biology ◽

10.3390/cimb43030093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 1307-1324

Author(s):

Ashutosh Vashisht ◽

Pankaj Kumar Ahluwalia ◽

Gagandeep Kaur Gahlay

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Seminal Plasma ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Obstructive Azoospermia ◽

Infertile Male ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Immunological Markers ◽

Different Types ◽

Male Patients

(1) Background: The relationships between the biochemical and immunological components in seminal plasma and their physiological effects on male reproductive system have been underreported. In this study, we evaluated the potential of several seminal plasma biochemical and immunological markers in the pathophysiological developments of the infertile male patients. The study was designed to identify and assess different markers that may be associated with semen functions in different types of male infertility. (2) Methods: A total of 50 infertile male patients who underwent checkup for fertility assessment and 50 fertile controls were included in this study. The complete medical history of each recruited participant was reviewed. The infertile sub-groups (non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), asthenozoospermia (AS), normozoospermic infertile (NI), and oligozoospermia (OZ)) were characterized based on sperm motility and concentration, while NI patients were included after a thorough check up of their female partners as well. We investigated each sample for 21 different analytes, enzymes, trace elements, and immunological markers to find crucial markers posing as contributing factors to a specific type of male infertility. (3) Results: The levels of 15 out of 21 markers, assayed from the seminal plasma of infertile males, were significantly altered in comparison to fertile controls (p < 0.05). For the first time, microprotein levels were also analyzed. The presence of monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes was limited to semen from NOA patients, while a significant increase in the level of platelets was observed in AS. Hierarchical clustering and ROC-AUC analysis identified the three most significant markers (zinc, LDH, and TG) for the healthy control group and asthenozoospermic group (AUC, of 0.92 and 0.81, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The altered levels of biochemical and immunological markers in seminal plasma might be associated with the different male infertility profiles and could be required for the sperm metabolism and maintenance. However, a larger sample size and follow up analysis is required for establishing the hypothesized panel of markers as biomarkers at clinical stage.

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Quo Vadis Nikah Sirri Perspektif Hukum Islam

Al-Qadha ◽

10.32505/qadha.v7i2.1901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 119-132

Author(s):

Nawawi Nawawi

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Human Life ◽

Research Library ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Human Relationships ◽

Different Types ◽

Quo Vadis ◽

Legal Marriage ◽

Husband And Wife ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

Islam requires marriage which is a sacred bond in human life. Through a legal marriage, human relationships of different types are lawful and become observance. The household life is built in an atmosphere of peaceful peace and affection between husband and wife and their descendants. The purpose of this article is to find out: The pillars and conditions of marriage according to Islam, the factors that cause sirri marriages, and the consequences of sirri marriages on their families. The method used in this study is a research library. Meanwhile, descriptive is describing the existence of a theme to be presented. Then by collecting relevant and accurate books or references, reading also studying to obtain data or conclusions related to the discussion. Sirri marriage in the perspective of Islamic law is valid until it meets the pillars and conditions of marriage. The contributing factors include: lack of knowledge about the importance of marriage registration, economy, difficulty in obtaining polygamy and social permits in some communities, on the grounds of maintaining honor and religion.

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Analysis of the Capsizing of a Tanker in the Rhine River

Volume 4A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control ◽

10.1115/imece2017-70488 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank Otremba ◽

José Antonio Romero Navarrete

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Interaction ◽

Simplified Model ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Rhine River ◽

Economic Consequence ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Different Types ◽

Economic Perspectives

River transportation conveys economic advantages to industry, when it is compared with road transportation. River vessels transport different types of cargoes that are critical for many industrial processes. Watercrafts can suffer different types of mishaps, including sinking and capsizing. The consequences of such events can be costly from the human and economic perspectives. In this context, a major economic consequence can be the closure of any navigation activities in this type of infrastructure. This situation was observed in the Rhine river in 2011, when a river tanker capsized and provoked the closure of the river for some weeks. Based upon the report of this accident, in this paper a simplified model is proposed to analyze such mishap, to reinforce the conclusions conveyed in the report about the contributing factors for this accident. In particular, the crucial effects associated to the dynamic interaction of the liquid cargo and the ship.

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