Correction: Campylobacter infection and household factors are associated with childhood growth in urban Bangladesh: An analysis of the MAL-ED study

The article discusses a non-standard view of the formation of human capital for work in organizations of the agricultural sector of the economy, in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. In the classical sense, human capital for agriculture should be formed and developed in rural areas. But in real life, this is not always the case, because there are many factors that prevent the classical solution of this problem. First, the demographic factor affects, second, social and household factors, and third, in many rural areas there are no working agricultural organizations where qualified agricultural specialists can work. All these and other circumstances actualize the problem of the quality of human capital in rural areas in relation to the development of agricultural production.

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Risk assessment of Campylobacter species in shellfish: identifying the unknown

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0705 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (11-12) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. Teunis ◽

A. Havelaar ◽

J. Vliegenthart ◽

G. Roessink

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Worst Case ◽

Considerable Uncertainty ◽

Risk Estimates ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Shellfish are frequently contaminated by Campylobacter spp, presumably originating from faeces from gulls feeding in the growing or relaying waters. The possible health effects of eating contaminated shellfish were estimated by quantitative risk assessment. A paucity of data was encountered necessitating many assumptions to complete the risk estimate. The level of Campylobacter spp in shellfish meat was calculated on the basis of a five-tube, single dilution MPN and was strongly season-dependent. The contamination level of mussels (<1/g) appeared to be higher than in oysters. The usual steaming process of mussels was found to completely inactivate Campylobacter spp so that risks are restricted to raw/undercooked shellfish. Consumption data were estimated on the basis of the usual size of a portion of raw shellfish and the weight of meat/individual animal. Using these data, season-dependent dose-distributions could be estimated. The dominant species in Dutch shellfish is C. lari but little is known on its infectivity for man. As a worst case assumption, it was assumed that the infectivity was similar to C. jejuni. A published dose-response model for Campylobacter-infection of volunteers is available but with considerable uncertainty in the low dose region. Using Monte Carlo simulation, risk estimates were constructed. The consumption of a single portion of raw shellfish resulted in a risk of infection of 5–20% for mussels (depending on season; 95% CI 0.01–60%). Repeated (e.g. monthly) exposures throughout a year resulted in an infection risk of 60% (95% CI 7–99%). Risks for oysters were slightly lower than for mussels. It can be concluded that, under the assumptions made, the risk of infection with Campylobacter spp by eating of raw shellfish is substantial. Quantitative risk estimates are highly demanding for the availability and quality of experimental data, and many research needs were identified.

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When Will Research Measure up to Our Need to Know How Steroids Affect Childhood Growth?

10.1002/14651858.ed000086 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

James Paton

Keyword(s):

Childhood Growth ◽

Know How

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Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Thorsten Braun ◽

Vivien Filleböck ◽

Boris Metze ◽

Christoph Bührer ◽

Andreas Plagemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Later Life ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Antenatal Steroids ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Infancy And Early Childhood ◽

Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

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Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal patient with cherubism

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 963-966

Author(s):

Haruka Kawamura ◽

Satoshi Watanabe ◽

Takashi I ◽

Izumi Asahina ◽

Hiroyuki Moriuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽

Osteolytic Lesions ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Receptor Activator ◽

Denosumab Treatment

AbstractBackgroundDenosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, which strongly suppresses osteoclasts. Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by symmetrical swelling of the jaws, in which the bone is replaced by a fibrous granuloma containing osteoclast-like giant cells.Case presentationWe report the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal boy with progressive cherubism. The treatment consisting of eight subcutaneous denosumab injections (120 mg/dose) in 6 months not only suppressed the expansion of the osteolytic lesions but also dramatically ossified them. However, a transiently decreased growth rate and rebounded asymptomatic hypercalcemia were associated with the treatment.ConclusionsThe present case demonstrated the therapeutic potential of denosumab for treatment of cherubism, although adverse effects, especially those on childhood growth, remain obscure. Further studies are needed to establish a safe and effective protocol for denosumab treatment of children.

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