Emerging hantaviruses in Central Argentina: First case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome caused by Alto Paraguay virus, and a novel orthohantavirus in Scapteromys aquaticus rodent

Orthohantaviruses are emerging rodent-borne pathogens that cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in humans. They have a wide range of rodent reservoir hosts and are transmitted to humans through aerosolized viral particles generated by the excretions of infected individuals. Since the first description of HPS in Argentina, new hantaviruses have been reported throughout the country, most of which are pathogenic to humans. We present here the first HPS case infected with Alto Paraguay virus reported in Argentina. Until now, Alto Paraguay virus was considered a non-pathogenic orthohantavirus since it was identified in a rodent, Holochilus chacarius. In addition to this, with the goal of identifying potential hantavirus host species in the province of Santa Fe, we finally describe a novel orthohantavirus found in the native rodent Scapteromys aquaticus, which differed from other hantaviruses described in the country so far. Our findings implicate an epidemiological warning regarding these new orthohantaviruses circulating in Central Argentina as well as new rodent species that must be considered as hosts from now on.

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Emerging Hantaviruses in Central Argentina: first case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome caused by Alto Paraguay Virus and a novel orthohantavirus in Scapteromys aquaticus rodent

10.1101/2021.06.13.448262 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carla M Bellomo ◽

Daniel Alonso ◽

Tamara Ricardo ◽

Rocío Coelho ◽

Sebastián Kehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Rodent Species ◽

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽

Santa Fe ◽

Central Argentina ◽

First Case ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Wide Range ◽

Reservoir Hosts

AbstractOrthohantaviruses are emerging rodent-borne pathogens that cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in humans. They have a wide range of rodent reservoir hosts and are transmitted to humans through aerosolized viral particles generated by the excretions of infected individuals. Since the first description of HPS in Argentina, new hantaviruses have been reported throughout the country, most of which are pathogenic to humans.We present here the first HPS case infected with Alto Paraguay virus reported in Argentina. Until now, Alto Paraguay virus was considered a non-pathogenic orthohantavirus since it was identified in a rodent, Hollochilus chacarius. In addition to this, with the goal of identifying potential hantavirus host species in the province of Santa Fe, we finally describe a novel orthohantavirus found in the native rodent Scapteromys aquaticus, which differed from other hantaviruses described in the country so far.Our findings implicate an epidemiological warning regarding these new orthohantaviruses circulating in Central Argentina as well as new rodent species that must be considered as hosts from now on.

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Updated and Validated Pan-Coronavirus PCR Assay to Detect All Coronavirus Genera

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13040599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Myndi G. Holbrook ◽

Simon J. Anthony ◽

Isamara Navarrete-Macias ◽

Theo Bestebroer ◽

Vincent J. Munster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Reservoir Host ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Wildlife Reservoirs ◽

Viral Surveillance ◽

Reservoir Hosts

Coronavirus (CoV) spillover events from wildlife reservoirs can result in mild to severe human respiratory illness. These spillover events underlie the importance of detecting known and novel CoVs circulating in reservoir host species and determining CoV prevalence and distribution, allowing improved prediction of spillover events or where a human–reservoir interface should be closely monitored. To increase the likelihood of detecting all circulating genera and strains, we have modified primers published by Watanabe et al. in 2010 to generate a semi-nested pan-CoV PCR assay. Representatives from the four coronavirus genera (α-CoVs, β-CoVs, γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs) were tested and all of the in-house CoVs were detected using this assay. After comparing both assays, we found that the updated assay reliably detected viruses in all genera of CoVs with high sensitivity, whereas the sensitivity of the original assay was lower. Our updated PCR assay is an important tool to detect, monitor and track CoVs to enhance viral surveillance in reservoir hosts.

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Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽

Jerzy Kowal ◽

Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽

Paweł Nosal ◽

Iwona Polak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Species ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Systematic Classification ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

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Ocean Emission Effects on Aerosol-Cloud Interactions: Insights from Two Case Studies

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2010/301395 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Armin Sorooshian ◽

Hanh T. Duong

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Cloud Microphysics ◽

Marine Aerosols ◽

Aerosol Cloud ◽

First Case ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aerosol Cloud Interactions

Two case studies are discussed that evaluate the effect of ocean emissions on aerosol-cloud interactions. A review of the first case study from the eastern Pacific Ocean shows that simultaneous aircraft and space-borne observations are valuable in detecting links between ocean biota emissions and marine aerosols, but that the effect of the former on cloud microphysics is less clear owing to interference from background anthropogenic pollution and the difficulty with field experiments in obtaining a wide range of aerosol conditions to robustly quantify ocean effects on aerosol-cloud interactions. To address these limitations, a second case was investigated using remote sensing data over the less polluted Southern Ocean region. The results indicate that cloud drop size is reduced more for a fixed increase in aerosol particles during periods of higher ocean chlorophyll A. Potential biases in the results owing to statistical issues in the data analysis are discussed.

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Revision of Coronostrongylus (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is02007 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 893 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. Beveridge

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

Host Species ◽

Related Species ◽

New Guinea ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Nematode Genus ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Wide Range ◽

Species Occurrences

The monotypic nematode genus Coronostrongylus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 from the stomachs of macropodid marsupials was reviewed and was found to consist of a least seven closely related species. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 is found most commonly in Macropus rufogriseus, but occurs occasionally in M. dorsalis, M. parryi and Petrogale inornata. Coronostrongylus johnsoni, sp. nov. is most commonly found in M. dorsalis, but occurs also in M. rufogriseus, M. parma, Thylogale stigmatica, Petrogale godmani and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus barkeri, sp. nov. is most prevalent in Onychogalea unguifera, but occurs also in M. rufus, M. robustus and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus closei, sp. nov. is restricted to Petrogale persephone. Coronostrongylus sharmani, sp. nov. occurs only in rock wallabies from eastern Australia: P.�coenensis, P. godmani and P. mareeba; C. spratti, sp. nov. occurs in P. inornata and P. assimilis. Coronostrongylus spearei, sp. nov. is restricted to Papua New Guinea where it is found in Dorcopsulus vanhearni, Dorcopsis hageni and D. muelleri. Although all of the nematode species occur in one principal host species or a series of closely related host species, occurrences in geographically disjunct areas and in phylogenetically distant hosts are features of C. coronatus, C. barkeri, sp. nov. and C. johnsoni, sp. nov. The occurrence of seven closely related nematode species found in a wide range of macropodid host species is more readily accounted for by a hypothesis involving multiple colonisations of hosts than by the hypothesis of co-speciation.

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Internal volumetric heat generation and heat capacity prediction during a material electromagnetic treatment process using hybrid algorithms

Ingeniería e Investigación ◽

10.15446/ing.investig.v38n1.64225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 74-82

Author(s):

Edgar García-Morantes ◽

Iván Amaya-Contreras ◽

Rodrigo Correa-Cely

Keyword(s):

Inverse Problem ◽

Heat Capacity ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Heat Generation ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Limited Range ◽

First Case ◽

Realistic Situation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Volumetric Heat Generation

This work considers the estimation of internal volumetric heat generation, as well as the heat capacity of a solid spherical sample, heated by a homogeneous, time-varying electromagnetic field. To that end, the numerical strategy solves the corresponding inverse problem. Three functional forms (linear, sinusoidal, and exponential) for the electromagnetic field were considered. White Gaussian noise was incorporated into the theoretical temperature profile (i.e. the solution of the direct problem) to simulate a more realistic situation. Temperature was pretended to be read through four sensors. The inverse problem was solved through three different kinds of approach: using a traditional optimizer, using modern techniques, and using a mixture of both. In the first case, we used a traditional, deterministic Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. In the second one, we considered three stochastic algorithms: Spiral Optimization Algorithm (SOA), Vortex Search (VS), and Weighted Attraction Method (WAM). In the final case, we proposed a hybrid between LM and the metaheuristics algorithms. Results show that LM converges to the expected solutions only if the initial conditions (IC) are within a limited range. Oppositely, metaheuristics converge in a wide range of IC but exhibit low accuracy. The hybrid approaches converge and improve the accuracy obtained with the metaheuristics. The difference between expected and obtained values, as well as the RMS errors, are reported and compared for all three methods.

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Possibilities and limits for using the gut microbiome to improve captive animal health

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-021-00155-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Diaz ◽

Aspen T. Reese

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Host Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Wide Range ◽

Host Health ◽

In Captivity ◽

Outstanding Question ◽

The Impact ◽

Captive Animal

AbstractBecause of its potential to modulate host health, the gut microbiome of captive animals has become an increasingly important area of research. In this paper, we review the current literature comparing the gut microbiomes of wild and captive animals, as well as experiments tracking the microbiome when animals are moved between wild and captive environments. As a whole, these studies report highly idiosyncratic results with significant differences in the effect of captivity on the gut microbiome between host species. While a few studies have analyzed the functional capacity of captive microbiomes, there has been little research directly addressing the health consequences of captive microbiomes. Therefore, the current body of literature cannot broadly answer what costs, if any, arise from having a captive microbiome in captivity. Addressing this outstanding question will be critical to determining whether it is worth pursuing microbial manipulations as a conservation tool. To stimulate the next wave of research which can tie the captive microbiome to functional and health impacts, we outline a wide range of tools that can be used to manipulate the microbiome in captivity and suggest a variety of methods for measuring the impact of such manipulation preceding therapeutic use. Altogether, we caution researchers against generalizing results between host species given the variability in gut community responses to captivity and highlight the need to understand what role the gut microbiome plays in captive animal health before putting microbiome manipulations broadly into practice.

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Host Range of Some Eucalypt Mycorrhizal Fungi

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9730103 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

GA Chilvers

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Host Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Wide Range ◽

Genus Eucalyptus

Various fungi are shown to form mycorrhizas with a wide range of host species within the genus Eucalyptus. In general, the same fungi do not appear to be capable of forming mycorrhizas with Pinus.

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Description of Almafuerte, a new genus of ground spiders from South America (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4338.2.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4338 (2) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CRISTIAN J. GRISMADO ◽

NICOLÁS LÓPEZ CARRIÓN

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

New Taxa ◽

Type Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Santa Fe ◽

Southern South America ◽

Central Argentina ◽

First Time

A new genus of gnaphosid spiders, Almafuerte, gen. nov., is described for seven species from Southern South America. The new genus is diagnosed by a conspicuous retrolateral tegular projection on the male palp, and by having three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin. It comprises six species from Argentina, A. peripampasica sp. nov. (type species), from Central Argentina, also present in Uruguay, A. kuru sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero, A. vigorosa sp. nov., from Corrientes, A. goloboffi sp. nov., from Salta and Jujuy, A. remota sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero and Mendoza, and A. giaii (Gerschman & Schiapelli) comb. nov., here transferred from Echemus, from Santa Fe (the female is here described by the first time); and one species from Bolivia, A. facon sp. nov., from Cochabamba. Hypotheses of relationships of the new taxa are briefly discussed, in the context of the previously proposed groupings: the subfamilies Echeminae and Drassodinae (sensu Platnick 1990) and the “Echemus group” (sensu Murphy 2007).

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A Case of a Persistent Postoperative Infection Caused by Multidrug-ResistantKluyvera ascorbatain the Oral and Maxillofacial Region

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2019/2180567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Si-Hai Zou ◽

Lu-Ying Zhu ◽

Yong Li ◽

Fu-Gui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Infection ◽

First Generation ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

First Case ◽

Wide Range ◽

Antibiotic Management ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽

Kluyvera Ascorbata

Introduction.Kluyvera ascorbatainfection is rare, but it has been extensively studied because of its potential to cause a wide range of infections and its ability to transfer the gene encoding for CTX-M-type extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs) to other Enterobacteriaceae.Case Presentation. The authors report a case of a 61-year-old Chinese male with a persistent postoperative infection caused by a multidrug-resistant ESBL-producingK. ascorbata. Following antimicrobial susceptibility testing, he was aggressively treated with gentamicin and levofloxacin with a favorable outcome.Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a persistent postoperative infection caused by a multidrug-resistantK. ascorbatain the oral and maxillofacial region. The authors suggest thatK. ascorbatainfection warrants prompt identification and aggressive antibiotic management, given that ESBL-producingK. ascorbatais resistant to penicillins and first-generation to third-generation cephalosporins.

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