scholarly journals Critical Role of Arcuate Y4 Receptors and the Melanocortin System in Pancreatic Polypeptide-Induced Reduction in Food Intake in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e8488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Lin ◽  
Yan-Chuan Shi ◽  
Ernie Yulyaningsih ◽  
Aygul Aljanova ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Melanocortin System

scholarly journals The central melanocortin system and human obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Yang ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract The prevalence of obesity and the associated comorbidities highlight the importance of understanding the regulation of energy homeostasis. The central melanocortin system plays a critical role in controlling body weight balance. Melanocortin neurons sense and integrate the neuronal and hormonal signals, and then send regulatory projections, releasing anorexigenic or orexigenic melanocortin neuropeptides, to downstream neurons to regulate the food intake and energy expenditure. This review summarizes the latest progress in our understanding of the role of the melanocortin pathway in energy homeostasis. We also review the advances in the identification of human genetic variants that cause obesity via mechanisms that affect the central melanocortin system, which have provided rational targets for treatment of genetically susceptible patients.

scholarly journals Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Ujendra Kumar ◽  
Sneha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Food Seeking

Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in energy homeostasis

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
Prachi Singh ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
Sangho Yu ◽  
Christopher D. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Data ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

The hormone leptin plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, although our overall understanding of acutely changing leptin levels still needs improvement. Several developments allow a fresh look at recent and early data on leptin action. This review highlights select recent publications that are relevant for understanding the role played by dynamic changes in circulating leptin levels. We further discuss the relevance for our current understanding of leptin signaling in central neuronal feeding and energy expenditure circuits and highlight cohesive and discrepant findings that need to be addressed in future studies to understand how leptin couples with physiological adaptations of food intake and energy expenditure.

Long-term orexigenic effects of AgRP-(83—132) involve mechanisms other than melanocortin receptor blockade

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. R47-R52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Hagan ◽  
Paul A. Rushing ◽  
Laurel M. Pritchard ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz ◽  
Alison M. Strack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Competitive Antagonism ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Antagonist Action

Overexpression of agouti-related peptide (AgRP), an endogenous melanocortin (MC) 3 and 4 receptor antagonist (MC3/4-R), causes obesity. Exogenous AgRP-(83—132) increases food intake, but its duration and mode of action are unknown. We report herein that doses as low as 10 pmol can have a potent effect on food intake of rats over a 24-h period after intracerebroventricular injection. Additionally, a single third ventricular dose as low as 100 pmol in rats produces a robust increase in food intake that persists for an entire week. AgRP-(83—132) completely blocks the anorectic effect of MTII (MC3/4-R agonist), given simultaneously, consistent with a competitive antagonist action. However, when given 24 h prior to MTII, AgRP-(83—132) is ineffective at reversing the anorectic effects of the agonist. These results support a critical role of MC tone in limiting food intake and indicate that the orexigenic effects of AgRP-(83—132) are initially mediated by competitive antagonism at MC receptors but are sustained by alternate mechanisms.

THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE MELANOCORTIN SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF ENERGY BALANCE

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
Deborah L. Drazen ◽  
Deborah J. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Melanocortin System

Decrease of food intake by MC4-R agonist MTII in Siberian hamsters in long and short photoperiods

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. R227-R232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Schuhler ◽  
Tracey L. Horan ◽  
Michael H. Hastings ◽  
Julian G. Mercer ◽  
Peter J. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Seasonal Model ◽  
Vehicle Treatment ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Observation Period

We investigated the role of the hypothalamic melanocortin system in the regulation of food intake in the Siberian hamster, which shows a profound seasonal decrease in food intake and body weight in short photoperiod (SP). In male hamsters maintained in long photoperiod (LP), intracerebroventricular injection of melanotan II (MTII) just before lights off significantly decreased food intake relative to vehicle treatment over the 6-h observation period. Similar effects were observed in age-matched hamsters after exposure to a short daylength for 9 wk, when body weight had significantly decreased. There was no clear difference in either the magnitude of response or the dose required for half-maximal inhibition of food intake in hamsters in SP compared with those in LP. MTII significantly increased grooming in both LP and SP. Our results indicate that the melanocortin system is a potent short-term regulator of food intake. However, the lack of differential response or sensitivity to MTII treatment in the obese (LP) vs. lean (SP) states does not support the hypothesis that changes in this melanocortin pathway underlie the long-term decrease in food intake that occurs in this seasonal model.

scholarly journals Role of Hypothalamic Melanocortin System in Adaptation of Food Intake to Food Protein Increase in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e19107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Pillot ◽  
Céline Duraffourd ◽  
Martine Bégeot ◽  
Aurélie Joly ◽  
Serge Luquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Melanocortin System
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