scholarly journals A Computational Approach to Characterizing the Impact of Social Influence on Individuals’ Vaccination Decision Making

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e60373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Xia ◽  
Jiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals When imitating successful others fails: Accidentally successful exemplars inspire risky decisions and can hamper performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-956
Author(s):  
Wijnand AP van Tilburg ◽  
Nikhila Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
The Impact

We examined the impact of viewing exemplars on people’s behaviour in risky decision-making environments. Specifically, we tested if people disproportionally choose to view and then imitate the behaviour of successful (vs. unsuccessful) others, which in the case of risky decision-making increases risk-taking and can hamper performance. In doing so, our research tested how a fundamental social psychological process (social influence) interacts with a fundamental statistical phenomenon (regression to the mean) to produce biases in decision-making. Experiment 1 ( N = 96) showed that people indeed model their own behaviour after that of a successful exemplar, resulting in more risky behaviour and poorer outcomes. Experiment 2 ( N = 208) indicated that people disproportionately choose to examine and then imitate most successful versus least successful exemplars. Experiment 3 ( N = 381) replicated Experiment 2 in a context where participants were offered the freedom to examine any possible exemplar, or no exemplar whatsoever, and across different incentive conditions. The results have implications for decision-making in a broad range of social contexts, such as education, health, and finances where risk-taking can have detrimental outcomes, and they may be particularly helpful to understand the role of social influence in gambling behaviour.

scholarly journals Networks of influence and infection: parental choices and childhood disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (38) ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken T. D. Eames
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Childhood Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Approach

Clusters of unvaccinated individuals are at risk of outbreaks of infection. When an individual's decision to choose vaccination is influenced by the choices of his social group, such clusters can readily arise. However, when the interactions that influence decision-making and those that permit the transmission of infection are different—for instance, when parents make vaccination decisions on behalf of their children—it is unclear how large the impact of this social influence will be. Here we use a modelling approach to represent social influence within a network of parents and the transmission of infection through a network of children. We show that the effect of social influence depends on the amount of overlap between the two different networks; large overlap means that clusters of parents who choose not to vaccinate are likely to have interacting children, generating clusters of unvaccinated children. Spatially local connections can further increase the impact of social influence. Outbreaks are most likely when parents who do not vaccinate have children who interact.

scholarly journals Consumer Diversity In Multicultural Arenas: An Investigation Of Social Influences Between Asians And Westerners

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritika Kongsompong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumer Diversity

The impact of peoples orientation with regard to Collectivism/Individualism and to Locus of Control on the extent to which they are subject to social influence has never been investigated cross culturally in the context of consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions. The objective of this research is to compare the cultural orientations of people in the East and West, and to observe the effect of social influence in their decision making. In particular, this paper examines and adds evidence to the mutually exclusive cultures: Singapore, Thailand, Australia, and America. Hofstedes typology of cultures is reconfirmed and empirically associated with specific social influence variables on decision making. The findings provide either whole or partial supports for the hypotheses. In general, high collectivism is positively related with external locus of control and results in high level of social influence. There are exceptions, however, which highlight the need to incorporate other factors into understanding the role that cultural orientation plays in decision making.

The Impact of Social Networks on Parents’ Vaccination Decisions

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Emily K. Brunson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The People ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Parents decide whether their children are vaccinated, but they rarely reach these decisions on their own. Instead parents are influenced by their social networks, broadly defined as the people and sources they go to for information, direction, and advice. This study used social network analysis to formally examine parents’ social networks (people networks and source net-works) related to their vaccination decision-making. In addition to providing descriptions of typical networks of parents who conform to the recommended vaccination schedule (conformers) and those who do not (nonconformers), this study also quantified the effect of network variables on parents’ vaccination choices. METHODS This study took place in King County, Washington. Participation was limited to US-born, first-time parents with children aged ≤18 months. Data were collected via an online survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the resulting data. RESULTS One hundred twenty-six conformers and 70 nonconformers completed the survey. Although people networks were reported by 95% of parents in both groups, nonconformers were significantly more likely to report source networks (100% vs 80%, P < .001). Model comparisons of parent, people, and source network characteristics indicated that people network variables were better predictors of parents’ vaccination choices than parents’ own characteristics or the characteristics of their source networks. In fact, the variable most predictive of parents’ vaccination decisions was the percent of parents’ people networks recommending nonconformity. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that social networks, and particularly parents’ people networks, play an important role in parents’ vaccination decision-making.

Nuanced Aggression in Group Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dryden Henningsen ◽  
Mary Lynn Miller Henningsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Influence Tactics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Compliance Gaining ◽  
The Impact

Group decision making in organizations represents an opportunity for group members to seek to exert social influence. Whining and bullying are examined as nonrational influence tactics used by individuals in groups. Both tactics are envisioned as forms of aggression, differing across a dominance—submissiveness continuum. The impact of whining and bullying as compliance gaining tactics for organizational group decision making is examined using 234 individuals whose jobs include group decision making in organizations. The use of bullying and whining tactics are positively correlated indicating dominance complementarity, with increases in one tactic being associated with increases in the other. In addition, bullying and whining are found to have negative effects on cohesiveness and group decision-making effectiveness.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON MARKET INEQUALITIES IN THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBASTIANO A. DELRE ◽  
THIJS L. J. BROEKHUIZEN ◽  
WANDER JAGER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Motion Picture Industry ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we investigate the degree to which two social influences, namely imitation and coordinated consumption, effectuate inequalities in the motion picture industry. We develop an agent-based model based on micro movie visitors' decision-making that generates the observed macro market outcomes. The simulation model makes use of the findings of an empirical survey amongst 1112 cinema visitors. We find that social influences explain market inequalities and that the impact of coordinated consumption on market inequalities is stronger than the impact of imitation.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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