Functional Interpretation of a Non-Gut Hemocoelic Tissue Aminopeptidase N (APN) in a Lepidopteran Insect Pest Achaea janata

Penggunaan pestisida kimia yang cukup tinggi pada akhir-akhir ini telah menimbulkan dampak negatif ter-hadap lingkungan, sehingga pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan sangat diperlukan. Saat ini, peng-gunaan nematoda entomopatogen terutama Steinernema sp., membuka peluang untuk digunakan sebagai pengendalian Achaea janata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Steinernema sp. ter-hadap A. Janata , dilaksanakan di laboratorium patologi serangga Balai Penelitan Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Penelitian menggunakan rancanagan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan. Setiap ulangan menggunakan 25 larva A. janata instar 2. Larva diekspose de-ngan berbagai variasi konsentrasi Steinernema sp. dan kematian larva diamati setiap hari sampai 120 jam setelah infeksi. Konsentrasi Steinernema sp. yang digunakan adalah 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva. Hasil penelitian pemberian Steinernema sp. pada konsentrasi 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva cukup efektif untuk membunuh A. janata dengan persentase berkisar antara 80–94% mulai 48–120 jam setelah perlakuan. Se-makin tinggi konsentrasi nematoda, semakin tinggi mortalitas A. janata. Steinernema sp. dengan konsen-trasi 400 JI/larva paling efektif membunuh larva, menurunkan bobot larva, bobot pupa, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, dan fertilitas telur. High intensity of chemical pesticide application has become a serious concern of environmentalists in recent years, because of various negative impacts of it. Therefore, environmentally friendly techniques of controlling insect pest are needed. Recently, the use of entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Steinernema sp., has created new possibilities of promising control techniques against insect pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Steinernema sp. to A. janata larvae in laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Insti-tute from March to August 2011. Tests used the 2nd stage larvae of Achaea janata, the leaf eater of castor (Ricinus communis). Treatment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates. For each test used 25 larvae which were exposed to various concentrations of Steinernema sp. Concentration of Steinernema sp. used was 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 infective juvenile/larvae. Daily mortality A. janata larvae, larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and number of hatch eggs were recorded. Steinernema sp. on concentration of 200; 300; and 400 IJ/larvae was effective to cause mortality of A. janata larvae (80–94% mortality after 48–120 hours). The higher the concentration of the nematode the higher larval mortality. Steinernema sp. with concentration of 400 IJ/ larvae was effective decreasing larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and fertility of the eggs produced.

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New Record of Insect Pests on Seedlings of Eucalyptus

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-b58e7v ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 117-124

Author(s):

N. Roychoudhury ◽

Subhash Chandra ◽

Ram Singh ◽

Shashi Barve ◽

Anand Das

Keyword(s):

New Record ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

First Record ◽

Eurema Hecabe ◽

Achaea Janata ◽

Leptocybe Invasa ◽

Hyposidra Talaca ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Blue Gum

The present paper reports the occurrence of insects damaging Eucalyptus in nursery stage. Out of nine insects recorded, seven species observed as occasional defoliating species, viz. Achaea janata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), Catapsilia crocale Cramer (Lepidoptera : Pieridae), Dasychira grotei Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), Eurema hecabe Linnaeus (Lepidoptera : Pieridae), Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Geometridae), Lymantria sobrina Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), one rare sap-sucking species, Chrysocoris purpureus Westwood (Heteroptera : Pentatomodae) and one gall making species, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae). Among the nine species collected, six defoliators and one sap sucker are new addition to the Eucalyptus entomology. Further, H. talaca is the first record of occurrence on Eucalyptus in India. On the basis of percentage infestation/damage caused by above insects, L. invasa, commonly known as blue gum chalcid wasp, was recorded only as a key insect pest in nursery stage of Eucalyptus. The results have been discussed in the light of the present observations.

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The genome of the Hi5 germ cell line from Trichoplusia ni, an agricultural pest and novel model for small RNA biology

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.31628 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Yu Fu ◽

Yujing Yang ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Gwen Farley ◽

Junling Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Small Rna ◽

Trichoplusia Ni ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Gene Families ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Germ Cell Line ◽

Lepidopteran Insect

We report a draft assembly of the genome of Hi5 cells from the lepidopteran insect pest, Trichoplusia ni, assigning 90.6% of bases to one of 28 chromosomes and predicting 14,037 protein-coding genes. Chemoreception and detoxification gene families reveal T. ni-specific gene expansions that may explain its widespread distribution and rapid adaptation to insecticides. Transcriptome and small RNA data from thorax, ovary, testis, and the germline-derived Hi5 cell line show distinct expression profiles for 295 microRNA- and >393 piRNA-producing loci, as well as 39 genes encoding small RNA pathway proteins. Nearly all of the W chromosome is devoted to piRNA production, and T. ni siRNAs are not 2´-O-methylated. To enable use of Hi5 cells as a model system, we have established genome editing and single-cell cloning protocols. The T. ni genome provides insights into pest control and allows Hi5 cells to become a new tool for studying small RNAs ex vivo.

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Holotrichia oblita Midgut Proteins That Bind to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry8-Like Toxin and Assembly of the H. oblita Midgut Tissue Transcriptome

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00541-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jian Jiang ◽

Ying Huang ◽

Changlong Shu ◽

Mario Soberón ◽

Alejandra Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Binding Assays ◽

Uncharacterized Protein ◽

Content Type ◽

Lepidopteran Insect

ABSTRACT The Bacillus thuringiensis strain HBF-18 (CGMCC 2070), containing two cry genes (cry8-like and cry8Ga), is toxic to Holotrichia oblita larvae. Both Cry8-like and Cry8Ga proteins are active against this insect pest, and Cry8-like is more toxic. To analyze the characteristics of the binding of Cry8-like and Cry8Ga proteins to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) in H. oblita larvae, binding assays were conducted with a fluorescent DyLight488-labeled Cry8-like toxin. The results of saturation binding assays demonstrated that Cry8-like bound specifically to binding sites on BBMVs from H. oblita, and heterologous competition assays revealed that Cry8Ga shared binding sites with Cry8-like. Furthermore, Cry8-like-binding proteins in the midgut from H. oblita larvae were identified by pulldown assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, the H. oblita midgut transcriptome was assembled by high-throughput RNA sequencing and used for identification of Cry8-like-binding proteins. Eight Cry8-like-binding proteins were obtained from pulldown assays conducted with BBMVs. The LC-MS/MS data for these proteins were successfully matched with the H. oblita transcriptome, and BLASTX results identified five proteins as serine protease, transferrin-like, uncharacterized protein LOC658236 of Tribolium castaneum, ATPase catalytic subunit, and actin. These identified Cry8-like-binding proteins were different from those confirmed previously as receptors for Cry1A proteins in lepidopteran insect species, such as aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and cadherin. IMPORTANCE Holotrichia oblita is one of the main soil-dwelling pests in China. The larvae damage the roots of crops, resulting in significant yield reductions and economic losses. H. oblita is difficult to control, principally due to its soil-dwelling habits. In recent years, some Cry8 toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis were shown to be active against this pest. Study of the mechanism of action of these Cry8 toxins is needed for their effective use in the control of H. oblita and for their future utilization in transgenic plants. Our work provides important basic data and promotes understanding of the insecticidal mechanism of Cry8 proteins against H. oblita larvae.

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Midgut aminopeptidase N expression profile in Castor semilooper during sublethal Cry toxin exposure

10.1101/849612 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vinod K. Chauhan ◽

Narender K. Dhania ◽

Vadthya Lokya ◽

Bhoopal Bhuvanachandra ◽

Kollipara Padmasree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Aminopeptidase N ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Cry Toxin ◽

Long Run ◽

Lepidopteran Larvae ◽

Achaea Janata ◽

Castor Semilooper

AbstractMidgut of lepidopteran larvae is a multifunctional tissue, which performs roles in digestion, absorption, immunity; transmission of pathogens and interaction with ingested various molecules. The proteins localized at the inner apical brush border membrane are primarily digestive proteases but some of them like aminopeptidase N, alkaline phosphatase, cadherins, ABC transporter C2 etc. interact with Crystal (Cry) toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). In the present study aminopeptidase N (APN) was characterized as Cry toxin interacting protein in larval midgut of castor semilooper, Achaea janata. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed the presence of multiple isoforms of APNs (APN1, 2, 4, 6 and 9) which have less than 40% sequence similarity but show the presence of characteristic “GAMENEG” and zinc-binding motifs. Feeding of sublethal dose of Cry toxin caused differential expression of various APN isoform. Further, 6th generation Cry toxin exposed larvae showed reduced expression of APN2. This report suggests that A. janata larvae exploit altered expression of APNs to overcome the deleterious effects of Cry toxicity, which might facilitate toxin tolerance in long run.

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In silico annotation of unreviewed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in some lepidopteran insect pest species reveals the causes of insecticide resistance

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qudsia Yousafi ◽

Ayesha Sarfaraz ◽

Muhammad Saad Khan ◽

Shahzad Saleem ◽

Umbreen Shahzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

In Silico ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Pest Species ◽

Lepidopteran Insect

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CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis against sex pheromone biosynthesis leads to loss of female attractiveness in Spodoptera exigua, an insect pestt

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259322

Author(s):

Shabbir Ahmed ◽

Miltan Chandra Roy ◽

Md. Abdullah Al Baki ◽

Jin Kyo Jung ◽

Daeweon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Sex Pheromones ◽

Spodoptera Exigua ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Virgin Female ◽

Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽

Male Mating ◽

Lepidopteran Insect ◽

Male Mating Behavior ◽

Attractive Female

Virgin female moths are known to release sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. Accurate sex pheromones are required for their chemical communication. Sex pheromones of Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect, contain unsaturated fatty acid derivatives having a double bond at the 12th carbon position. A desaturase of S. exigua (SexiDES5) was proposed to have dual functions by forming double bonds at the 11th and 12th carbons to synthesize Z9,E12-tetradecedienoic acid, which could be acetylated to be a main sex pheromone component Z9,E12-tetradecenoic acetate (Z9E12-14:Ac). A deletion of SexiDES5 using CRISPR/Cas9 was generated and inbred to obtain homozygotes. Mutant females could not produce Z9E12-14:Ac along with Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac. Subsequently, pheromone extract of mutant females did not induce a sensory signal in male antennae. They failed to induce male mating behavior including hair pencil erection and orientation. In the field, these mutant females did not attract any males while control females attracted males. These results indicate that SexiDES5 can catalyze the desaturation at the 11th and 12th positions to produce sex pheromone components in S. exigua. This study also suggests an application of the genome editing technology to insect pest control by generating non-attractive female moths.

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176 DYNAMIC INTERACTION OF INSERTED GENE PRODUCTS AND NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS IN CRANBERRY.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.454b ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 454b-454

Author(s):

Rodney Serres ◽

Brent McCown

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Dynamic Interaction ◽

Gene Products ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Lepidopteran Insect ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Extraction Buffer ◽

Endogenous Compounds

The gene encoding β-glucuronidase, GUS, has been inserted into cranberry and is expressed in various tissues. Detectable expression of the GUS gene is enhanced up to 15x when the phenol-adsorbing compound, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, is included in the extraction buffer of the fluorometric MUG assay, indicating that an endogenous, probably phenolic, compound is inactivating the foreign enzyme. Extracts from in vitro-grown cranberry leaves reduce the activity of purified β-glucuronidase in fluorometric assays. This is in contrast to extracts from other plants which have no affect on the enzyme. Detectable expression of the GUS gene for an individual transclone varies with the age of the tissue and the environment in which the plant is grown. The BT gene, which encodes for the Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin, was also inserted into cranberry with the purpose of incorporating lepidopteran insect resistance. Bioassays using an important insect pest on cranberry show generally inconsistent feeding patterns on transgenic plants. These results may be due to the interaction of the endogenous compounds and the B.t. δ-endotoxin.

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PATOGENISITAS Achaea janata GRANULOSIS VIRUS (AjGV) TERHADAP ULAT PEMAKAN DAUN TANAMAN JARAK KEPYAR

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v20n2.2014.57-64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽

HERI PRABOWO ◽

TITIEK YULIANTI

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Granulosis Virus ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Insect Pathology ◽

Key Word ◽

Achaea Janata ◽

Occlusion Bodies ◽

Castor Plant

ABSTRAK Achaea janata L. adalah hama penting tanaman jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis) yang hingga kini pengendaliannya masih menggunakan insektisida kimia secara intensif. Selain tidak efisien, insektisida kimia juga menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka perlu cara pengendalian alternatif yang selain efektif dan efisien, juga ramah lingkungan, seperti virus yang diisolasi dari ulat A. janata (A. janata Granulosis Virus/AjGV). Penelitian patogenisitas AjGV pada A. janata dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai Januari - Desember 2012. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam konsentrasi AjGV, yaitu 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 occlusion bodies (OB), dan satu kontrol. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat kali ulangan. Ulat A. janata yang digunakan adalah instar II, III, IV, dan V masing-masing 90 ekor/perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas dan bobot ulat, konsentrasi untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LC 50 ), dan waktu untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LT 50 ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AjGV patogenik terhadap A. janata, terutama ulat instar II dan III dengan mortalitas berturut-turut 90 dan 86,7%. LC 50 AjGV pada ulat instar II dan III masing-masing mencapai 1,0 x 10 3 dan 1,2 x 10 3 OB/ml, dengan LT 50 kedua instar sekitar 3,4-4,2 hari. Pengaruh infeksi AjGV pada ulat A. janata efektif menurunkan bobot ulat hidup 57,9 dan 57,4% masing-masing pada ulat instar II dan III. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa sasaran yang tepat untuk pengendalian ulat A. janata dengan AjGV di lapangan adalah pada saat instar II dan III. Kata kunci: Achaea janata L, patogenisitas, instar, mortalitasABSTRACT Achaea janata L. is an important insect pest of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) that was intensively controlled by chemical insecticide caused inefficiency and an environmental polution. To solve the problems it needs an effective, efficient and environmental friendly of alternative control, especially using Granulosis Virus isolated from A. janata larvae (AjGV). Study on pathogenicity of A. janata virus isolate against castor leaf-eater, A. janata L. was conducted at Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesia Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute in Malang from January to December 2012. The objective of study is to test the pathogenicity of AjGV against A. janata larvae. Treatment consists of six concentrations of AjGV, viz. 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 OBs/ml and one control. Four instars of larvae, e.g. second, third, fourth, and fifth were used in this study. Each treatments was arranged in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Parameter recorded were mortality and weight of larvae, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Result showed that AjGV was pathogenic to A. janata larvae, mainly on second and third instar in resulting of 90% and 86.7% of mortality, respectively. The LC 50 of AjGV on the second and third instar was 1.0 x 10 3 and 1.2 x 10 3 OB/ml, respectively and the LT 50 was 3.4 and 4.2 days, respectively. Infection of A. janata virus reduced the weight of both instar up to 57.9% and 57.4%, respectively. This result indicated that the second and third was the suitable instars of A. janata larvae for better control of AjGV in field. Key word: Achaea janata L, pathogenicity, instar, mortality

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