scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Environmental and Clinical Strains of Vibrio vulnificus Isolated in the Northeastern USA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e83357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Reynaud ◽  
Steven Pitchford ◽  
Sophie De Decker ◽  
Gary H. Wikfors ◽  
Christopher L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Northeastern Usa

Ecological diversification reveals routes of pathogen emergence in endemic Vibrio vulnificus populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2103470118
Author(s):  
Mario López-Pérez ◽  
Jane M. Jayakumar ◽  
Trudy-Ann Grant ◽  
Asier Zaragoza-Solas ◽  
Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Health Relevance

Pathogen emergence is a complex phenomenon that, despite its public health relevance, remains poorly understood. Vibrio vulnificus, an emergent human pathogen, can cause a deadly septicaemia with over 50% mortality rate. To date, the ecological drivers that lead to the emergence of clinical strains and the unique genetic traits that allow these clones to colonize the human host remain mostly unknown. We recently surveyed a large estuary in eastern Florida, where outbreaks of the disease frequently occur, and found endemic populations of the bacterium. We established two sampling sites and observed strong correlations between location and pathogenic potential. One site is significantly enriched with strains that belong to one phylogenomic cluster (C1) in which the majority of clinical strains belong. Interestingly, strains isolated from this site exhibit phenotypic traits associated with clinical outcomes, whereas strains from the second site belong to a cluster that rarely causes disease in humans (C2). Analyses of C1 genomes indicate unique genetic markers in the form of clinical-associated alleles with a potential role in virulence. Finally, metagenomic and physicochemical analyses of the sampling sites indicate that this marked cluster distribution and genetic traits are strongly associated with distinct biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., salinity, nutrients, or biodiversity), revealing how ecosystems generate selective pressures that facilitate the emergence of specific strains with pathogenic potential in a population. This knowledge can be applied to assess the risk of pathogen emergence from environmental sources and integrated toward the development of novel strategies for the prevention of future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus Strains Isolated from Taiwan and the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5153-5158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin-chung Wong ◽  
Shau-Yan Chen ◽  
Meng-Yi Chen ◽  
James D. Oliver ◽  
Lien-I Hor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Discriminative Method ◽  
Geographic Regions

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium that causes human wound infections and septicemia with a high mortality rate. V. vulnificus strains from different clinical and environmental sources or geographic regions have been successfully characterized by ribotyping and several other methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a highly discriminative method, but previous studies suggested that it was not suitable for examining the correlation of V. vulnificus strains from different origins. We employed PFGE to determine its efficacy for characterizing V. vulnificus strains from different geographic regions, characterizing a total of 153 strains from clinical and environmental origins from the United States and Taiwan after SfiI or NotI digestion. V. vulnificus strains showed a high intraspecific diversity by PFGE after SfiI or NotI digestion, and about 12% of the strains could not be typed by the use of either of these enzymes. For PFGE with SfiI digestion, most of the clinical and environmental strains from the United States were grouped into cluster A, while the strains from Taiwan were grouped into other clusters. Clinical strains from the United States showed a higher level of genetic homogeneity than clinical strains from Taiwan, and environmental strains from both regions showed a similarly high level of heterogeneity. PFGE with NotI digestion was useful for studying the correlation of clinical strains from the United States and Taiwan, but it was not suitable for analyzing environmental strains. The results showed that PFGE with SfiI digestion may be used to characterize V. vulnificus strains from distant geographic regions, with NotI being a recommended alternative enzyme.

Molecular typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 clinical strains isolated in Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 304 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Fontana ◽  
Maria Scaturro ◽  
Maria Cristina Rota ◽  
Maria Grazia Caporali ◽  
Maria Luisa Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Clinical Strains

scholarly journals Molecular Typing by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of Spanish Animal and Human Listeria monocytogenes Isolates

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5840-5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Vela ◽  
J. F. Fernandez-Garayzabal ◽  
J. A. Vazquez ◽  
M. V. Latre ◽  
M. M. Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Maize Stalks

ABSTRACT A total of 153 strains of Listeria monocytogenesisolated from different sources (72 from sheep, 12 from cattle, 18 from feedstuffs, and 51 from humans) in Spain from 1989 to 2000 were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The strains ofL. monocytogenes displayed 55 pulsotypes. The 84 animal, 51 human, and 18 feedstuff strains displayed 31, 29, and 7 different pulsotypes, respectively, indicating a great genetic diversity among the Spanish L. monocytogenes isolates studied. L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical samples and feedstuffs consumed by the diseased animals were analyzed in 21 flocks. In most cases, clinical strains from different animals of the same flock had identical pulsotypes, confirming the existence of a listeriosis outbreak. L. monocytogenes strains with pulsotypes identical to those of clinical strains were isolated from silage, potatoes, and maize stalks. This is the first study wherein potatoes and maize stalks are epidemiologically linked with clinical listeriosis.

Quantitative PCR enumeration of vcgC and 16S rRNA type A and B genes as virulence indicators for environmental and clinical strains of Vibrio vulnificus in Galveston Bay oysters

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Çam ◽  
Robin Brinkmeyer ◽  
John R. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Type A ◽  
Galveston Bay ◽  
Type B ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Practical Salinity Unit ◽  
Type Strains

Oysters from a reef in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, were screened for more virulent clinical strains versus less virulent environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus using a combination of quantitative PCR assays for the virulence correlating gene (clinical variant, vcgC) and 16S rRNA types A and B (type A = environmental, type B = clinical). The combination of vcgC and 16S rRNA type B loci to determine clinical type strains was suitable, as indicated by the strong correlation (R2 = 0.98; p < 0.001) between these gene counts over time and their relative proportion (up to 93.8% and 94.3%, respectively) to vvhA genes used to quantify all strains of V. vulnificus. A strong seasonal shift of V. vulnificus strain types was observed. Environmental strains (16S rRNA type A) predominated from April to mid-June as salinities increased from 22 to 27 PSU (practical salinity unit) and temperatures rose 20 to 28 °C, with peak gene quantities of 16 812 ± 56 CFU/g. As temperatures increased to ≥30 °C from mid-June to September and salinities rose above 27 PSU, clinical strains (16S rRNA type B; vcgC) predominated with peak quantities 31 868 ± 287 and 32 360 ± 178 CFU/g, respectively.

Virulence and Stress Susceptibility of Clinical and Environmental Strains of Vibrio vulnificus Isolated from Samples from Taiwan and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽  
SHU-HUI LIU ◽  
MENG-YI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium that causes severe wound infection and septicemia with high mortality. It also can be transmitted through the consumption of raw contaminated seafood and is an important foodborne pathogen. A total of 40 environmental and clinical V. vulnificus strains isolated from the United States and Taiwan were analyzed for virulence in animals, the presence of virulence-associated factors, and susceptibility to environmental stresses. Virulence in mice was exhibited by 85% of the environmental strains and 95% of the clinical strains. Strains from environmental or clinical sources were similar in virulence-associated phenotypes (protease activity, utilization of transferrin-bound iron, hemolysis, and inactivation in serum) and susceptibility to various stresses (4 and 52°C, 0.1 and 10% NaCl, and pH 3.2), except freeze-thaw treatment. The clinical strains killed experimental animals after a shorter incubation time than did the environmental strains. Most of the 15 virulence-associated genes examined were present in most of the strains, regardless of their sources or virulence, with the exception of vvh, flgF, and purH. vvh was significantly more common in clinical strains than in environmental strains, and vvh, flgF, and purH were more common in virulent strains than in nonvirulent strains. These data may be helpful in devising strategies to manage or reduce the presence of V. vulnificus in foods.

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